Albasa - ganyayyaki. Mafi mashahuri irin shine albasa. Noma ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa yanzu yana da mahimmancin shuka. Ana amfani da albasarta don abinci, kuma don amfanin gona ya kasance a kowace shekara, dole ne a dasa shi don hunturu. Tun da tsire-tsire suna zuwa cikin kwanaki masu sanyi, wannan shuki yana da halaye na kansa.
Wani irin albasa za'a iya shuka don hunturu
Don hunturu saukowa kawai sanyi resistant iri su dace. Suna iya jure wa hunturu da sauri kuma suna ci gaba da girma tare da zuwan bazara.
Popular hunturu iri sun hada da:
- "Ellan" (mai dadi, tsayayyar kullun ya ragu har zuwa -2 ° C).
- "Strigunovsky" (idan yayi girma daga seedlings, zai iya samar da kwararan fitila biyu a cikin gida, dandano yana da yaji).
- "Ruby" (ja iri-iri, ripens 110-115 days, girma a kudancin yankunan, yana da tsarin ingantaccen tsarin).
- "Stuttgart Riesen" (Jamusanci iri-iri na launin ruwan rawaya, sunadarai, sunadara daga tsaba ga watanni 3.5, daga zuriyar - 65-70 days).
- "Chalcedony" (manya-manyan iri-iri, ripens 110 days).
- "Buran" (wani nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i na Ukrainian, ripens 68-83 days, resistant zuwa fungal da cututtuka na kwayan cuta, mai dandano a dandano, yana da kyau).
- Danilovsky-301 (ja iri-iri, ripens 100-110 days, dandana Semi-kaifi).
- Myachkovsky-300 (farkon, yin shekaru 65-75, high-yielding).
- "Mouzon" (ripens 90-110 days, dandano shi ne Semi-kaifi, zagaye, farin iri-iri, adana don watanni 2).
- "Lugansk" (shekara daya, ripens 130 days, da kwan fitila weighs 71-146 g, yana da launin zinari).
- "Tamara F1" (matsakaici na farko, tsawon kwanaki 105-108, masu girma, masu dacewa da ci gaba a cikin yanayin yanayi na yau da kullum, launin ruwan kasa).
- "Black Prince" (ripens 100-105 days, Semi-kaifi, duniya iri-iri, ja).
- "Panther F1" (ripens 130-135 days, tsawon adana, bada girbi mai kyau, zagaye siffar da tagulla-launin ruwan kasa launi, Jafananci iri-iri).
- "Radar" (na tsawon kwanaki 250-260, yana jure sanyi ba tare da dusar ƙanƙara zuwa -15 ° C, kuma tare da dusar ƙanƙara zuwa -23 ° C, launin ruwan kasa).
- "Siberian" (ripens 90-100 days, ke tsiro a kan gashin tsuntsu, an adana har kimanin shekara guda, da wuya harbe kibiyoyi).
Yana da muhimmanci! Yawancin lokuta nau'in albarkatun zinari ne masu kaifi, da kuma ja - zaki.
Lokacin da shuka albasa a kaka
Don al'adu don tsira da sanyi, dole ne a dasa shi a wasu yanayi. Ga kowane yanki, waɗannan yanayi sun dace da wani lokaci na shekara. An bayyana a cikin daki-daki a ƙasa.
Kwanan kalanda
An raba tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire zuwa uku:
- Farawa. An kawo shi a watan Agusta Satumba. Anyi bayan girbi. A wannan lokacin, kawai ana iya shuka iri dake da sanyi, tun lokacin da tsire-tsire yana da lokaci don saka gashin gashin tsuntsaye kuma dole ne su tsira cikin hunturu.
- Matsakaici: karshen Satumba - Oktoba. Mafi yawan. A wannan lokacin, yawancin yanayin hunturu suna shuka.
- Late: na farko na watan Nuwamba, kafin fadar ƙasa ta fice. An dasa shuki kadan. Ana iya dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai daskarewa.
Yanayin yanayi
Cikin iska mai dacewa don saukowa: a rana 0-5 °, da dare - har zuwa -3 ° C. Sofa mai zafi 3-4 ° C. 
Fasali na yankin
Albasa suna girma a ko'ina, saboda haka kafin dasa shuki ka buƙatar la'akari da yanayin yanayi da kuma daukar matakai masu dacewa.
Ukraine
Ƙasar tana da yanayi mai saurin yanayi. An bayyana ta farkon yanayin zazzabi da aka bayyana a sama a cikin marigayi Oktoba - farkon watan Nuwamba, tare da gyara kaɗan ga yankuna.
Ba'a shawarce su shuka albasarta ba da wuri, kamar yadda zai yi lokaci don farawa kuma zai cigaba da girma a yanayin dumi. Sa'an nan kuma yiwuwar nasarar hunturu na al'ada ba shi da kyau.
Tare da isowa na dindindin dindindin, gadaje an rufe shi da sawdust da rassan. Lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo, yana da kyau don rufe su da albarkatu. Dabbobi mafi dacewa:
- "Ellan";
- "Strigunovsky";
- "Buran";
- "Stuttgart Riesen";
- Danilovsky-301;
- "Chalcedony".
Shin kuna sani? Sunan mafi yawan nau'in albasa - albasa - ya bayyana ne saboda kamanninsa na waje da turnip.
Belarus da kuma yankin Moscow
Wadannan yankuna sunyi kwance a cikin yanayin yanayi na yanayi. Sabili da haka, lokacin yaduwa na albasa kusan daidai daidai da lokacin disembarkation a Ukraine. Abinda ya bambanta yankunan shi ne mafi tsananin sanyi a yankin gabashin gabashin Belarus da kuma yankunan karkara. Wannan yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali. Kuma tare da babban kauri daga snow sanyi ba mummunan ba.
Ural
Akwai yanayi mai mahimmancin yanayi tare da sanyi mai sanyi. Saukowa yana motsawa cikin Satumba-Oktoba. Zabi don dasa kayan gargajiya na gida iri, bred musamman don matsananci yanayi. Gidajen gadawa don hunturu ya zama mai kyau. 
Siberia
Har ila yau wannan yanki ya fada cikin yanayin saurin yanayi, amma har ma da yanayin zafi da kuma lokacin da ya fi guntu. A nan an dasa albasarta don hunturu ba shi da amfani. Yana da matukar wuya a yi tsammani yanayin. Duk da haka, idan sha'awar shuka albasa yana har yanzu, ya zama dole ya bi bin doka: yawan zafin rana zai kasance a 5 ° C na kwanaki da yawa - zaka iya dasa shi. Har ila yau, wajibi ne a dasa shukar shuka a cikin zurfin gani, don haka al'ada ba zai daskare ba kuma bai tashi ba.
Shin kuna sani? Sunan Latin don tsire-tsire na kwayoyin Allium (albasa) aka ba da Carl Linnaeus kuma ya fito ne daga irin wannan kalmar Latin, wadda ake kira tafarnuwa. Mai yiwuwa ana dangantawa da Celtic "duk", wanda ke nufin "konewa".
Site selection for dasa
Don albarkatun hunturu, wajibi ne a shirya shimfiɗar daidai don shuka zai iya tsira da hunturu.
Ajiye gadaje
Zaɓi wani yanki a wuri mai duhu da bushe. Ya kamata ba damuwa danshi. Idan wannan ya faru, ya zama dole don samar da tudu. Matsayi gadaje a kudanci ko kudu maso yammacin ɓangaren, zai fi dacewa a kan gangara, don haka ya kare seedlings daga iska.
Kasashen mafi kyau an lalata humus-sandy ko humus-loamy. Albasa za su yi girma sosai a kan silt kogin sediments. 
Girbin noma
Good magabata:
- hatsi, sai dai hatsi;
- masara;
- beets;
- mustard;
- rapeseed;
- phacelia;
- Peas;
- wake;
- Vika;
- tumatir;
- salatin;
- cucumbers;
- kabeji.
Ba'a so a shuka bayan:
- wake
- dankali,
- faski
- seleri
- alfalfa;
- ja clover.
Zai yiwu a dasa amfanin gona na biyu bayan: rapeseed, sha'ir sha'ir, wake, Peas, radish, karas da teburin teburin, amma idan an girbe wadannan albarkatun kafin shekaru goma na Yuli.
Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan albasa da tafarnuwa, za a iya dasa albasarta a wuri ɗaya kawai shekaru hudu daga baya.
Pre-ƙasa shiri
Tada sama da humus a gaba. Taki an kara da shi a cikin ma'auni na 5-6 kg da mita mita. Ana kara ma'adinai da ma'adinai (10-15 g na sukari da potassium 20-25 g na superphosphate da mita mita). A cikin ingancin takin mai magani, ecofosc zai dace da wannan lissafin. Kafin ragewa da tsaba da seedlings a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a watsa ash a kan gado tare da lissafin 10 g da murabba'in mita.
Karanta game da girma da albasarta a hanyar Sinanci da kan windowsill.
Shiri na dasa kayan
Ya kamata a shirya shuki a cikin kwanaki 10 kafin fitarwa.
Mataki na farko - albasa tasowa. Akwai karami (ƙaramin albasarta, kasa da santimita na diamita), nau'i na farko (har zuwa 1.5 cm a diamita), kashi na biyu (har zuwa 3 cm a diamita), na uku (fiye da 3 cm a diamita). Ovusuzhka ba dace da hunturu hunturu. Ya yi karami kuma lokacin sanyi kawai ya bushe a ƙasa. Zai fi kyau barin shi don shuka shuka ko jefa shi. Har ila yau, a cikin tsire-tsire na bazara na uku. Na farko da na biyu shine manufa don shuka shuka. An kira su sevke.
Mataki na biyu - disinfection. Ku ciyar da shi a mako guda kafin kwanan wata. Sevok yana da haske a cikin wani bayani mai haske na potassium permanganate na tsawon sa'o'i shida. 
Za ku iya yin bayani a cikin saline (1 teaspoon. Salt a kowace lita na ruwa). A ciki, an gudanar da albasarta na tsawon sa'o'i uku, bayan haka an sanya su a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate a lokaci guda. Sa'an nan kuma an dasa seedling don fitar da bushewa a cikin ɗaki. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci an juya shi.
Ƙara koyo game da siffofin albarkatun albasa a cikin mafita gishiri da potassium permanganate.
Kafin dasa shuki, kana buƙatar duba kwararan fitila da kuma zaɓar abincin.
Tsarin wuri
- Mun gina gado mai girma na kowane tsawon kuma kimanin mita ɗaya. Tare da wannan nisa, ya fi dacewa don kula da amfanin gona.
- Kashe ƙasa tare da rake, kawar da manyan lumps na duniya. Muna cire ciyawa.
- A cikin wurin da aka tanadar, raƙuman ruwa sun rabu da tazarar mita 18-20 tsakanin su da zurfin kimanin 2.5 cm. Zamu iya yin ramuka a cikin yanayin kwalliya. Idan an yi shuka da tsaba, ana shuka su ne.
- A cikin furrow dace seedling tare da rata na 5-7 cm tsakanin kwararan fitila. Yayyafa da ƙasa na ƙasa 1.5-2 cm lokacin farin ciki. Condense. Idan sanyi yana kusa da kusurwa, muna rufe kan gado na ciyawa.
- Ruwa na 10 bayan shuka.
Yadda za a kare daga frosts hunturu
Tare da isowa na tsaguwa na yau da kullum muna cike da gadaje na busassun foliage ko spruce ganye. Ya kamata a yi amfani da rassan bishiyoyi da yawa a lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta fāɗi. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kiyaye shi a kan gado kuma ya kare amfanin gona daga sanyi.
Zai fi kyau kada ku yi amfani da bambaro da peat, sai su daskare ƙasa kuma a cikin bazara suna da wuyar tsaftacewa. Har ila yau, kada ku bayar da shawarar rufe gashin mai tare da mancloth da kayan na musamman. Tare da zuwan bazara, haɓakar ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin man fetur, kuma abin rufewa zai daskare ta kuma ba zai wuce oxygen ba. 
Tafiya
Da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kuma ƙasa tana jin dadi, za mu fara cire masara. Gidan da aka kaddamar da "rufi" yana cike da ash (10 g da mita mita) da ƙasa mai laushi. Ruwa kamar yadda ƙasa ta bushe (lita 10 a kowace mita mita). Bayan ruwan sama da ruwan sama dole ne su sassauta ƙasa, cire ciyawa.
Har ila yau, duba: jerin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da ita, hanyoyi na kula da sako, da magungunan gargajiya ga weeds.
Lokacin da rubutun sha hudu suna ci gaba, sunyi kuma suyi magunguna, idan sun cancanta. Muna yin ma'adinai na ma'adinai, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin sashe kan shiri na ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don kare albasa daga kwari, dasa katako a kewaye da gado na gado.
Gaba ɗaya, dasa shuki albasa don hunturu shine aikin jin zafi. Amma wannan al'ada, wadda ta saba da mu, ba ta buƙatar mahimmancin kulawa ba kuma yana da ikon yin haƙuri mai tsanani. Don haka idan an bi duk shawarwari, girbin zai zama mai kyau.
