Melon: yadda ake shuka ingantaccen kayan zaki

Kowa yana ƙaunar zaki, mai daɗi da ƙuna mai ƙanshi. Sabili da haka, hanyoyin haɓaka kudu maso gabas sun mallaki lambu a kusan dukkanin yankuna na ƙasar. Koda ba ku da yanki, ba shi da mahimmanci. Melon zai iya zama ado na baranda, kuma dandano na fruitsya fruitsyan itaciyar ba zai zama ƙasa da waɗanda aka girma a ƙasa ba.

Tarihin Noma Melon

Homelandasar mahaifar guna ana ɗauka ta Tsakiya da Asiaan Asiya. An ɗauka cewa narkar da tsire-tsire na daji ya faru ne a Arewacin Indiya da kewayenta na Iran da Asiya ta Tsakiya. Hakan ya faru da ƙarni da yawa kafin zamaninmu. A cikin Rasha, wannan 'ya'yan itace ya bayyana a karni na XV-XVI.

Melon - ɗan wata ƙasa na Asiya mai cinyewa

A halin yanzu, kankana ake nomawa a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe masu dumi na duniya. Amma an yi imanin cewa mafi yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi suna girma a Tsakiyar Asiya.

Tun daga 1994, Turkmenistan ta yi bikin shekara-shekara "Ranar Turkmen Melon." A cikin Ukraine, inda ake ƙaunar wannan al'ada, ana gudanar da bikin Melon.

Kasar Turkmenistan tana murnar ranar Turkmen Melon

Bayanin Shuka

Melon talakawa shine tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara. Yankakken zagaye wanda yake cike da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici wanda yake da kwalliyar antennae ya tsiro daga 1.5 zuwa 2 m, wani lokacin kuma. Ganyen suna da girma sosai, ana shirya su daban-daban, suna da siffar zagaye-fure ko dabino. A haɗe zuwa tushe tare da dogon sanduna. Farantin ɗin takardar ma yana da ingantaccen yanayi, don haka yana jin ɗan ƙaramin taɓawa. A cikin axils na ganye furanni da antennae.

Melon - shuka mai hawa hawa, kai tsawon 2 m

Tushen tushen yana da ƙarfi, saboda tsire-tsire sun fito ne daga wurare masu bushewa, inda ruwa ke cikin ƙarancin ruwa. Theaƙwalwar tushen tushen zai iya rufe inci daga 1 zuwa 2 m, kuma har zuwa 1.5 m ya shiga cikin tushen tushe.

'Ya'yan itacen kankana ana kiransa kabewa, yana da sihiri ko sihiri. Ganyen membrane na waje (exocarp) na fata ne da na roba. Launin ta na iya bambanta - fari, launin rawaya, kore ko launin shuɗi, tare da ko ba tare da ratsi ba. Farfajiyar kuma daban - daga madaidaiciyar santsi zuwa mawuyacin hali. Plantaya daga cikin tsire-tsire na iya samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa 2 zuwa 8, wanda adadinsa ya bambanta daga 1.5 zuwa 10 kg.

Theunbin danshi yana daɗaɗawa, mai ƙanshi, mai daɗi. A wasu nau'ikan, kayan sukari ya kai 20%. Yarjejeniyar da yawa matsakaici. Launi na iya samun launuka iri-iri daga fari zuwa launin kore (dangane da aji).

A launi na kankana ɓangaren litattafan almara dogara da iri-iri

A cikin ciki tayin akwai rami mai cika da tsaba. Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu. Flat, yadudduka ko m tsaba suna da farin ko launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Fuskar murfin waje tana da sheki ko kuma matte.

Yawancin tsaba suna ɓoye a cikin guna

Yadda ake bambance furanni na namiji daga mace

Melon tsire-tsire ne mai kwari. A kansa, furanni namiji da mace na iya haɓaka lokaci guda. Melon pollen yana da nauyi kuma mai ƙarfi, don haka pollination yana buƙatar mataimaka - ƙudan zuma ko tururuwa. Amma wani lokacin lalata hannaye shima yana da amfani - a cikin gidajen kora ko cikin mummunan yanayi, kwari ba sa iya taimakawa.

Furannin furanni na farko da suka bayyana akan kankana sune maza. Yawan su ya dogara da balaga daga iri-iri. A farkon cikakke melons, furanni suna dage farawa a cikin axils na ganye na 2 ko na 3, a cikin nau'ikan daga baya - na 4 ko 5th. Kafin furen mace na farko ya bayyana, guna yana sarrafa shuka daga furanni maza 6 zuwa 30.

Furanni na Melon sun kasu kashi biyu

Bambanci tsakanin furanni namiji da mace yana cikin tsarin su. Nami yana da stamens 5 wanda akan sa fitsari a ciki. Furen mace yana da ingantaccen ƙwaro, wanda ke haifar da kwai bayan pollination.

Bidiyo: cin amana da hannu

Aikace-aikacen

Sau da yawa, kankana ana amfani dashi azaman kayan zaki. Amma nama mai laushi yana da kyau ba kawai a cikin tsari na ɗumbinsa ba, samfurin ne mai kyau don yin matsawa, matsawa, guna, guna mai yawa. Hakanan kankana yana bushe, gwangwani.

A lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, kankana shine abinci mafi shahara a Asiya, musamman a lokacin Azumi kafin bikin Ramadana.

Melon kayan zaki ne mai kyau da lafiya

Amfana

Abubuwan da ke warkarwa na guna sun kasance sanannu ne kuma an yi amfani da su sosai a cikin magani tun lokacin Avicenna.

Tebur: furotin, ruwa, carbohydrate, mai mai

Melon samfurin ne mai kalori. 100 g na ɓangaren litattafan almara ƙunshi matsakaita na 35 kcal, don haka tayin ba a contraindicated ko da waɗanda ke fama da kiba.

Za'a iya kiran Melon ainihin "kayan agaji na farko" saboda babban abun ciki na abubuwa masu amfani da yawa a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Hakanan ana amfani da kwasfa da tsaba don aikin shaye-shayen magani da kayan ado.

Za'a iya kiran lafiya a kankara ta ainihin kayan abinci mai gina jiki

An dauki tsawon lokaci, ana amfani da kankana a matsayin wata hanya ta taimaka wajan murmurewa daga mummunan cutar. Pulunƙwasa yana ƙarfafa hanji kuma yana inganta microflora. Guna da amfani ga:

• anemia
• atherosclerosis;
• tarin fuka;
• gout
• scurvy;
• cututtukan zuciya;
• cututtuka na kodan da mafitsara.

Ana amfani dashi azaman:

• magani mai guba;
• anti-mai kumburi;
• laxative;
• diuretic.

'Yan kwalliyar kwalliya suna amfani da kyan melons don shiri na tonic da masks masu inganci. A ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itacen, triturated cikin slurry kuma shafi fuska, zai sa fata supple, sauƙaƙe mai sheen kuma bayar da m launi. Aiwatar da wannan mask kullun tsawon wata daya.

Amma kankana yana da contraindications:

• Kada mata amfani su shayar da su. A cikin jariri, wannan na iya haifar da hargitsi a cikin aikin ciki da narkewa mai zafi;
• a kan komai a ciki, cin kankana ba da shawarar ba;
• bayan shan kankana na kankana, bai kamata ku ci kayayyakin kiwo ba kuma ku sha ruwan sanyi. Wannan yana haifar da rashin damuwa;
• ba za a iya haɗuwa da giya ba;
• tare da taka tsantsan, kankana yakamata a cinye shi ta hanyar mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan ulcers, cututtukan sukari da kuma cututtukan hanta.

Daban-daban na guna

Mafi mashahuri guna iri sun hada da:

• Torpedo. An rufe kabewa na elongated tare da haushi mai launin shuɗi, mai mottled tare da tsarin grid mai matsakaici-yawa. Mass ɗin tayin yana daga kilogiram 2.5 zuwa 6. Pulashiryen fure masu launin kore mai launin kore suna da kyakkyawan dandano da laushi mai laushi. Tsaba mai launin rawaya mai tsami ba su da yawa kuma suna da elongated. Itace tana hawa, tare da farantin ganye mai kauri na girman matsakaici. Ya kasance tsakiyar maki-aji. Yawan aiki - 1.8 kg / m². Pumpan kabewa da aka tsage na kwanaki 15-20 ba ta rasa halayen kasuwanci;

  

  Mafi shahararrun Asiya Tsakiya iri-iri ne torpedo guna

• Medovka. Kabewa tayi tsinke ne a cikin kamannin, daga kilogiram 2.5 zuwa 4.2. An ɓoye ɓawon burodi a cikin launi mai rawaya mai haske, yana daɗaɗɗen bakin ciki. Tsarin raga ya ɓace. Pulangaren litattafan almara shi ne na matsakaici kauri, fentin a cikin kyakkyawan farin launi mai haske. Ku ɗanɗani kyau, juiciness a matsakaicin matakin. Daidaito mai taushi ne, yana narkewa. Ƙanshi mai laushi. Tsabtataccen-daskararre da daskararren tsaba suna da girman matsakaici kuma ana fentin su a cikin launi na hauren giwa. Itace tana da lashes mai karfi. Ganyayyen ganye, matsakaici matsakaici, kore. Yawan aiki - 1.2-2 kg / m². Yana kiyaye ingancin kasuwanci 10-12 kwanaki bayan tarin. Iri-iri shine tsakiyar-lokaci;

  

  Ripa fruitan itace mara kyau da kyawawan ɗanɗano sune abubuwan ƙimar Medovka

• Oksana. Kabewa yana daɗaɗaɗɗa a cikin sifa, fenti mai rawaya. Yawan tayin yana daga kilogiram 2 zuwa 2.6 (wasu samfurori sun girma zuwa kilogiram 4,5). Farfajiyar shimfida ce, an rufe ta da tsari mai laushi. Jiki shine kirim mai laushi cikin launi. Crispy, m da m rubutu tare da kyau iyawa. Tsaba suna da yawa, mai nuna haske, farin-cream. Dankin yana hawa, ganye suna disse, na girman matsakaici. A iri ne matsakaici da wuri. Yawan aiki 141-202 kg / ha. A tsakanin kwanaki 8-10 bayan cirewa, daidai yakan riƙe ɗanɗano;

  

  Melon Oksana - mai ban sha'awa ta tsakiyar kakar iri-iri

• Caramel Kabewa bafulat ne, yawanta yana daga kilogram 1.2 zuwa 1.9. Ɓawon burodi mai duhu launin shuɗi a cikin launi tare da santsi mai santsi wanda akan ci gaba da raga ne ya bayyana. Jiki mai laushi yana da laushi mai narkewa. Ya dandana mai girma, m. Ana furta ƙanshin. Tsarin sunflower shine matsakaici, mai nuna haske, m a sifa, launin rawaya mai kirim. Ya kasance zuwa farkon-farkon maki. An dasa shuka ta hanyar haɓaka mai kyau na lashes, ganye ba su sassaka, matsakaici a girma. Fruiting yana da kyau, tare da matsakaita na 94-156 c / ha. Darajoji don juriya da fusarium da hauhawar hauhawar hawa;

  

  Fusarium juriya - ƙimar ingancin Clonel clon

• Bizan. Elliptical kabewa yin la'akari daga 2 zuwa 2.8 kg an rufe shi da rawaya mai santsi. Tsarin raga mai laushi ne, kauri matsakaici. Jiki ne mai tsami mai haske, mai ɗanɗano mai kyau, mai taushi da m. Crispy daidaito. Ku ɗanɗani suna da kyau. Tana da ƙanshin ƙanshi na fure. Tsaba of size matsakaici, m-nuna, mau kirim. Itatuwan suna hawa-hawa, tare da kananan ganye. Mid farkon iri-iri. Matsakaicin yawan aiki na 126-256 kg / ha. Ana adana halaye na kasuwanci daidai tsawon kwana 8-10;

  

  Bizan kankana yana da crispy da nama mai laushi

• Habasha Kabewa tana da fadi-zagaye, tare da fata mai launin shuɗi-orange, farfaɗinta ya ɗan ɗanɗano, mai laushi. Tsarin raga shine matsakaici cikin kauri da kauri. M, narke, m rubutu na ɓangaren litattafan almara ne canza launin a cikin orange. Danshi yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau, ƙanshin yana da ƙarfi da aka faɗi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun yi yawa - kilogiram 2.3-2.8. Ana nufin nau'in tsakiyar-ripening tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa na 89-145 c / ha. Plantwanin fure yana da ƙananan matsakaici, ɗan ƙaramin ganye. Suman ya iya kiyaye halayen kasuwanci na sati 2. Darajoji don juriya da zafi;

  

  Gunawar Habasha na Habasha yana haƙuri da zafi sosai

• Manoma na gama kai. An tabbatar da iri-iri da shahara sosai, duk da ƙaramin taro na fruitsa --an - 0.7-1.3 kg. Siffar kabewa yana da sihiri, fatar fata mai ruwan shuɗi-orange, farfajiya tayi laushi. Wasu lokuta ana yin ado da maɗaukakiyar tsarin ƙyalli. A ɓangaren litattafan almara shi ne m da zaki. Daidaitawar yana da yawan gaske, dan kadan na crispy da fibrous. An ɗanɗano dandano mai kyau da kyau kwarai. Ya kasance tsakiyar maki-aji. Itace yana hawa, yana da matsakaici matsakaici da mai tushe. An zagaye farantin takardar, tare da hutu mai laushi a gindi, yana da matsakaici matsakaici. Yawan aiki shine 14.6-22.7 t / ha. An yaba da kyakkyawan aikinta. Yana da juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta.

  

  Melon iri dake Kolkhoznitsa lokaci-gwada da kuma mashahuri sosai

Seedling na kankana

Girma guna a cikin hanyar seedling, zaka iya samun kabewa masu ɗanɗano kaɗan kaɗan fiye da yadda aka saba. Bugu da kari, zai taimaka wa yan lambu a yankuna masu sanyin gwiwa wajen bunkasa al'adun gargaji.

Yadda ake tattara tsaba

Ingancin tsaba a cikin guna mai ƙyalli ba shi da ƙaran gaske, a wannan yanayin babu begen kyakkyawan girbi. Ana girbe tsaba daga 'ya'yan itaciya:

1. Melon yana yanke cikin rabi kuma ana fitar da tsaba.
2. Kurkura a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu don kawar da ɓangaren litattafan almara.
3. Bada izinin danshi mai yawa a magudana ya shimfiɗa ta cikin murfi na bakin ciki akan mayafi mai tsabta ko takarda ta bushe a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi. Don hana tsaba daga m, bar su a cikin wani wuri mai-iska.

Kar a bushe tsaba guna a cikin tanda.

Tattara tsaba guna shine tarko

Dasa tsaba don shuka

Dasa shuka don shuka shine ana yin shi a tsakiyar ko a ƙarshen Afrilu, ya danganta da yanayin yanayin yankin. Ana amfani da ƙananan kwantena, musamman ma peat, a matsayin kwantena. Shuka 3 tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai laima. Rufe tare da jaka da wuri a cikin wuri mai haske da dumi. Germination yana faruwa a zazzabi na 20-25^{game da}Tare da rana, da dare - ba ƙasa da 18 ba^{game da}C.

Don saurin ƙwayar guna, kuna buƙatar sanya tukwane a cikin haske mai ɗumi

Kulawar seedling

Tsaba germinate da sauri, harbe suna bayyana a cikin mako guda. Duba su a hankali, kuma zaɓi ƙarfi. Yanke sauran a matakin ƙasa. Ba shi yiwuwa a cire shi don kada a lalata tsarin tushen ciyawar.

Tsarin aiki

1. Saboda haka cewa tsire-tsire ba sa shimfiɗa, suna buƙatar kiyaye su akan windowsill mafi sauƙi - kudu. Idan windows dinka suna kallon wasu bangarorin, ƙarin yin haske zai taimaka. Don wannan, ana amfani da fitilun mai kyalli. Babban abu shi ne cewa ya kamata a kunna ciyawar aƙalla awanni 10-12.
   

   Don hana seedlings daga shimfidawa, yi amfani da ƙarin haske

2. Ruwan ruwa mataki ne na wajibi. Na farko hydration ne da za'ayi a lokacin da seedling tasowa daya real ganye. Wajibi ne a sha ruwa da ruwa mai ɗumi, a tabbata cewa danshi ba ya kan ganyayyaki da mai tushe. Yawancin danshi na iya haifar da cutar iri. Don guje wa cutar ta gama da ƙafafun baƙar fata, an yayyafa ƙasa da busasshiyar yashi.
3. Dole ne a fitar da dakin da ake kula da seedlingsan itaccan, wannan zai taimaka don guje wa karuwa a cikin zafi. Amma ka tabbata cewa 'yan seedlings ba sa shiga cikin daftarin.
4. A lokacin girma, ana ciyar da seedlings sau 2. Don wannan, ana amfani da takin ma'adinai mai hadaddun. Ana nuna sashi akan alamar.
5. Bayan akalla ganyayyaki 3 na gaskiya sun ci gaba a kan seedlings, ana yin pinching don tura ƙungiyar don ƙirƙirar harbe.
6. Mako guda kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, seedlings fara taurara. Don wannan, sannu a hankali ana kawo yanayin zafin rana da na dare zuwa 15-17^{game da}C da 12-15^{game da}C, bi da bi. Jirgin sama sama sama tsawon lokaci fiye da yadda aka saba.

Zaba

Don kankana seedlings, amma ga duk kabewa, daukana hanya ba a za'ayi. Seedlings sosai talauci yi haƙuri da dashi, sabili da haka ana girma nan da nan a cikin kwantena daban.

Kula da Melon A waje

Dasa guna a cikin ƙasa ana yin ta ne ta hanyar tsaba ko shuka. Na farko hanyar ana yinsa ne a yankuna na kudanci. Ana shuka tsaba a farkon ko ƙarshen Mayu, muddin an shirya gado mai rufe kayan rufewa. Lokacin dasa shuki ba'a cire shi ba, ana binne tsaba, yana yin giciye a jikin nama.

A cikin ƙasa buɗe, ana iya dasa guna tare da tsaba da tsire-tsire

Ana ta dasa shuki a gindin zama a karkashin shirin fim lokacin da yake akalla kwanaki 25. A cikin sharuddan lokaci, wannan ya dace da ƙarshen Mayu ko kuma farkon watan Yuni. Arin kulawa da shuka iri ko ofan itacen kankana kusan babu bambanci.

Watse

Melon al'adun gargaji ne; Amma suna buƙatar aiwatar da su, suna kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodi:

• ana aiwatar da ruwa a kan matsakaicin 1 lokaci na mako daya;
• yanayin zafin ruwa kada yayi kasa da 22^{game da}C;
• ya kamata a aiwatar da hanya da sanyin safiya ko yamma. Tsare tsayayyen kallo cewa pleaplean fari basa sauka akan ganye, fure ko 'ya'yan itace. Tushen wuya na shuka ya kamata kuma ya sha wahala daga waterlogging. Melons yawanci ana shayar da su a cikin tsummoki da aka haƙa a kusa da shuka, amma bushewar bushewa ita ce hanya mafi kyau;
• Na gaba watering ne da za'ayi ne kawai bayan saman Layer na kasar gona an bushe.

Lokacin da 'ya'yan itãcen an kafa a kan guna, watering hankali fara rage da kuma dakatar da shi gaba daya a lokacin ripening. Wannan yana taimakawa don cimma matsakaicin matakin abubuwan sukari. Idan a cikin wannan lokacin hydration don ci gaba, 'ya'yan itãcen za su zama na ruwa da kuma m.

Tsarin bushewa ya fi dacewa da ruwa kankana

Manyan miya

Abubuwan da ake buƙata na gina jiki don guna mai kyau ya kamata a tallafa musu ta hanyar takin zamani na yau da kullun. Tsire-tsire yana buƙatar takin ƙwayoyin nitrogen-phosphorus.

Tebur: lokaci da rarar taki

Don haka takin zamani ba ya cutar da tsarin tushe, ana hade su da ruwa.

Ciyarwar da ta dace tana ƙaruwa da damar girbi mai kyau

Cutar kankana

Ya kamata a zartar da '' '' '' Chechingching 'don iyakance ci gaban taro da samun cikakken amfanin gona. A cikin bude ƙasa, kankana yana girma a kwance a cikin yaduwa. Tare da wannan hanyar, ana aiwatar da tsari mai zuwa.

1. Bayan pinching na farko akan ganye na 4-5, ana kafa tsiran 3 harbe, wanda aka zaɓi 2 mafi karfi. An haɗa su akan faɗin 4-6th.
2. Na biyu tsunkule ne da za'ayi a mataki na ovary samuwar. Cire mai rauni kuma mara amfani. Tsun tsintsinya tare da kwayar kwayar ciki a wata na 3-4.
3. Wuraren pinching dole ne a ƙura tare da bushe cakuda na ci, sulfur da lemun tsami, dauka a daidai rabbai.
4. Suna jagoranci lelen don kada su shiga tsakani kuma kada su rufe hanyar.

A cikin nau'ikan guna daban-daban, ana yin pinching daban.

Juyin juyawa

Don tabbatar da cewa al'ada ta girma lafiya da wadata, lambu masu gogewa koyaushe suna yin la’akari da magabata. Ga guna, mafi nasara sune:

• alkama na hunturu;
• masara
• ganye mai yaji;
• albasa da tafarnuwa;
• Tumatir
• kwai;
• barkono mai dadi;
• kabeji;
• Peas da wake.

Bayan kabewa da karas, dasa kankana ba zai zama mafi kyawun zaɓi ba. Hakanan bashi da mahimmanci a bunkasa al'adu tsawon shekaru a wuri guda.

Melon jari da umarnin-mataki-mataki umarnin

Ba a fuskantar irin wannan aiki ba saboda mutane kalilan ne suka san hakan. A halin yanzu, wannan hanya tana taimakawa wajen haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa kusan sau 2.

Amma kankana kana buƙatar ɗaukar cikakkiyar sikelin. Ya dogara da yadda shuka zai yi 'ya'ya a nan gaba. Mafi dacewa da wannan sune pumpkins da lagenaria.

Yaya hanya take tafiya:

1. Suna fara rigakafin alurar riga kafi lokacin da ganyen ganye 1 na gaske suka bayyana a kan guna.
2. An yanke mai tushe na jari da scion a wani kusurwa na 30^{game da}. Wannan yakamata ayi kusa dashi ga cotyledons. Ana gudanar da aikin ne tare da kaifi mai kaifi a cikin tunani na musamman.
   

   An shuka mai tushe Shuka a cikin madubi
3. Sannan an sanya shafuka cikin juna sannan aka nade junction tare da wani bakin ciki mai bakin ciki. Fi dacewa, hanya tana buƙatar shirye-shiryen bidiyo na musamman.
   

   An saka tushe mai tushe a cikin juna

4. An shuka mai tushe guda biyu a cikin akwati ɗaya, zai fi dacewa filastik.
   

   Bayan alurar riga kafi, sanya shuka a cikin wuri mai duhu har sai da safe

5. Alurar riga kafi bada shawarar a maraice, kuma sanya shuka a cikin wuri mai duhu. Da safe don bijirar da haske.
6. A kan rana ta takwas, zaku iya yanka garin kankana. An fara daga kwanaki 3 bayan alurar riga kafi, ana buƙatar cire tushen ci gaban tushen dabbobi, kuma kuyi wannan har sai girman ya tsaya.
7. An shuka itace da aka dasa akan wuri mai ɗorewa a ranar 25-35th.

Girma kankana a Gida

Ga wadanda suke son yin gwaji, babu shinge, kuma girma kankana a baranda ko taga ba zai zama da wahala ba. Bayan haka, duk abin da ke son guna - zafi da haske, zaku iya samar da tsirrai a gida. Don girma akan baranda ko loggia, iri tare da ƙananan kabewa sun dace sosai:

• Augen (daga 0.8 zuwa 1 kg),
• Altai (daga 0.8 zuwa 1 kg),
• Lyubushka (daga 0.7 zuwa 0.8 kg),
• M (daga 0.9 zuwa 1.1 kg).

Kuna iya fara shuka kankana a gida tun daga Maris, amma ba da daɗewa ba fiye da kwanakin farko na Yuni. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar:

1. Shirya kwantena tare da ƙarar akalla 5-6 lita. Cika su da ƙasa madaidaiciya tare da tsaka tsaki acidity. Idan za ta yiwu, saya a cikin kantin sayar da kayan "Don cucumbers."
2. Shuka an yi shi da tsaba. Don yin wannan, zurfafa zuriyar ta 3 cm a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, bayan haɗa ƙasa a cikin rami tare da cokali na ash. Kafin shuka ƙwayar za a iya soaked, to, za su yi ɗanɗano kaɗan a baya.
3. Kuna iya fara shuka seedlings (shuka tsaba a watan Afrilu), sannan kuma juyawa ta hanyar natsuwa a cikin kwantena a baranda.
4. Haske da ƙuna mai tsananin zafi yakamata suyi girma a cikin wurin da aka fi samun haske.
   

   Don ƙuna na gida, zaɓi sasanninta mafi sauƙi da dumama
5. Ruwa da shuka kawai da ruwa mai dumi, ƙoƙarin kada ya faɗi akan ganyayyaki da tushe. Ana amfani da ruwa mafi kyau a gefen tukunyar. Ruwa kawai bayan ruwan sama ya bushe gaba ɗaya. Daidaita mitar ya dogara da yanayin yanayi.
6. Duba matakin zafi. Idan wannan adadin ya yi yawa, kankana na iya ji rauni.
7. Yi ƙoƙarin ba da suturar nitrogen dauke da riguna kafin samuwar furanni. A wannan lokacin, suna ciyarwa tare da azophos - 1 tbsp. l to 3 lita na ruwa. Don shuka guda ɗaya, lita 1 na bayani ya isa. A lokacin furanni, baranda mai baranda ya fi son kayan shafawa-potassium saman miya - 1 tbsp. l superphosphate da 2 tbsp. l potassium sulfate da lita 10 na ruwa. Idan shuka yayi jinkirin girma a cikin girma, yi masa lemo tare da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (mullein ko droppings kaza), gabatar da shirye-shiryen da aka shirya bayan shayarwa.
8. Al'adar baranda tana buƙatar garter. Amma yin trellis shine rabin yakin. Melon, sabanin kokwamba, ba shi da antennae kuma ba zai ja kansa ba. Sabili da haka, dole ne a rufe lash a kusa da igiya kuma a ɗaura shi da auduga ko igiya. Yi wannan yayin da kuke girma.
9. Melon a gida shima yana buƙatar samuwar. Ana yin pinching na farko akan ganye 5-6th. Ieulla ɗayan gefen, wanda ke maye babban tushe, zuwa trellis. A kan hybrids, akasin haka, ba su tsunkule babban tushe, amma suna yin shi a gefen harbe, a saman ganyen 2-3rd don guje wa toka da yawa.
10. Idan kuna da baranda a buɗe, to, kwari na iya ɗaukar nauyin pollinators. Amma yafi kyau a kasance lafiya kuma a sanya fure ta hannu.
11. A kan shuka, bar 'ya'yan itatuwa 2 zuwa 3. Yakamata su kasance a wani nisa daga juna. Don kada tayin ya fasa bulala ko tsagewa, dole ne a ɗaura shi. Bayan ya kai girman ƙwallon tanis, 'ya'yan itacen suna ɗora cikin raga kuma an ɗaura su da trellis.
    

    Saka 'ya'yan itacen da yake ɗorawa a cikin raga da ƙulla
12. Don cututtuka da kwari, yi amfani da shirye-shirye iri ɗaya kamar lokacin girma a cikin ƙasa.

Hanyoyin namo

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don haɓaka kayan zaki. Daga na gargajiya - shimfidawa ko kan trellis, zuwa sabon abu - a cikin jaka ko ganga.

Melon a ganga ba tare da tushe

Wannan hanyar cikakke ne don tsakiyar Rasha, inda bazara ba ta lalacewa sosai tare da zafi. Don guna, ganga mai sauƙi ba ta dacewa. Spacearancin sarari, saboda yana da kyau a daina ƙyallen bulala, tunda bambancin zazzabi na iya yin illa ga amfanin gona. Kuma idan yanayi mara kyau, yakamata a rufe sissy tare da fim ko wasu kayan rufe. Sabili da haka, zanen baƙin ƙarfe haɗe tare ko babban iko - daidai ne.

Sanya irin wannan gado a gaba:

1. A kasan tanki ya rage duk ragowar ciyawar: rassan, bushe sassan tsirrai. Za su yi aiki ba kawai matsayin magudanar ruwa ba, za a samar da zafi yayin lalata.
2. Daganan ciyawa, ciyawa, ciyawar humus da ƙasa mai kyau ana sa su a saman.
3. Ana shayar da komai da ruwa ko kuma takin zamani na Baikal, wanda zai taimaka wa tsirrai su wuce zafi-sosai.
4. An rufe tsarin daga littafin sellophane daga sama da hagu har zuwa farkon watan Mayu.
5. Kuna iya dasa shi da tsaba a cikin soaked a rabin na biyu na Afrilu ko seedlings a tsakiyar Mayu, amma koyaushe a ƙarƙashin tsari.

Bidiyo: kankana na lambun

A cikin jaka

Wannan hanyar tana da amfani ga waɗanda ke girma guna a kan baranda. Amma, idan kun ɗauki jaka mafi girma, to zai yuwu ku sami amfanin gona a cikin karamin yanki. Tabbas, jaka na cellophane na bakin ciki ba zai yi aiki azaman abu ba. Muna buƙatar babban, wanda aka yi da ingantaccen polyethylene. Feasasshen ƙasa ta duniya ya dace da al'adar baranda. Ka tuna ka sanya trellis. A cikin tsarin lambun, zaku iya cika ƙarar su daidai yadda lokacin da ake girma a ganga.

Bidiyo: girma mai girma a cikin jaka

Akan gado mai dumi

Wannan ƙirar takamaiman kwafin wannan hanyar da aka haɓaka ta haɓaka ta ganga. Bambancin kawai shine akwatin an gina shi ba na ƙarfe ba ne, amma na katako ne.

Babban gadaje - babbar dama don shuka albarkatu masu zafi

A trellis

Ana amfani da hanyar a lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a baranda ko a cikin greenhouse. Yana ba ku damar adana sarari, samar da tsire-tsire tare da kulawa mai inganci, wanda tabbas zai zama mai riba tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙarancin bala'i.

1. Hanyar ta ƙunshi ginin shimfidar U-siffar - an binne ginshiƙai a cikin ƙasa don su tashi 2 mita sama da ƙasa, firshinsu suna da alaƙa da katako don samun kwanciyar hankali mafi girma.
2. Nisa tsakanin katun a jere yana da aƙalla 2 m.
3. Sannan an ɗaura waya mai taushi a kan katako.
4. Endaya daga cikin ƙarshen yana a haɗe zuwa gwal, an saukar da ƙananan zuwa guna mai girma kuma an gyara shi akan shuka.
5. Bayan haka, girma girma yana a hankali a nade a kusa da waya kuma an ɗaure.

Lokacin girma guna tare da hanyar trellis, raga mai ƙarfi-mesh za a iya jan tsakanin tallafin.

Trellis guna yana da sauƙi don kulawa

Yada hanyar

Wannan hanya ana daukar mafi yawan halitta da sauƙi. Ana amfani dashi a cikin namo 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki a cikin filin budewa. Tsarin dasa shuka tare da wannan hanyar: nisa tsakanin tsirrai a jere ba ƙasa da 60 cm ba, jerawar layi shine 1 m. Saboda haka harbe ba su hura away da iska, fil su zuwa ga ƙasa da taimakon waya staples.

Girma guna-guna a cikin shimfidawa - mafi sauki kuma mafi kyawun hanyar halitta

Siffofin girma guna a yankuna daban-daban

Lambu ba kawai a cikin yankuna masu ɗumi suna son haɓaka ƙungiyar kudu maso gabas ba. Saboda haka, guna ko da motsawa zuwa arewa - zuwa Urals da Siberiya. Amma kowane yanki na canjin yanayi yana da nasa halaye wanda dole ne a yi la’akari da shi lokacin da ake girma kankana.

• mafi kyawun yanayi don haɓaka al'adun ƙauna mai zafi ana iya kiran su Ukraine, yankuna na Kudancin Rasha (ƙananan Volga, Arewacin Caucasus, Krasnodar) da Crimea. Anan zaka iya dasa shuki cikin tsiron ƙasa ko shuka. Isasshen adadin hasken rana, kuma yana buƙatar aƙalla sa'o'i 12, yana ba ka damar girma iri daban-daban, tun daga farkon bunƙasa zuwa ƙarshen:
  • Augustine
  • Aikido
  • Alice
  • Baƙuwa
  • Victoria
  • Zinare
  • Idyll
  • Miron,
  • Fadowa
  • Prima
  • Raymond
  • Taman
  • Dan Kudu;
• yanayi mai kama da yanayin yana da yankuna dake tsakiyar Rasha, amma har yanzu yanayin akwai ƙarin yanayi. Ire-iren ire-iren abubuwan da suka dace da tsarin namo ƙarƙashin waɗannan halaye sun haɗa da:
  • Manoma na gama kai
  • Rahat Lokum,
  • Roxolana
  • Hasken rana;
• a cikin yanayin yankin Tsakiya, Moscow da Leningrad yankuna, Belarus, kankana mafi yawanci ana yin noma a matsayin ciyawar ko shukar shinkafa. Amma yin girma 'ya'yan itatuwa a karkashin irin wannan yanayi a cikin kasa bude kuma hakan yana yiwuwa. Mabuɗin nasarar nasara shine zaɓaɓɓen iri da aka zaɓa daidai, tare da haɓaka mai girma har zuwa kwanaki 90, tare da juriya mai kyau don sanyaya, haƙuri da haƙuri da juriya ga cututtukan fungal. Kuna buƙatar dasa a cikin ƙasa riga girma da taurare seedlings. Mafi kyawun yanayin wannan yanayin shine Gimbiya Svetlana;
• a cikin Urals da Siberiya, kankana ya fi girma a cikin sanduna na amfani da hanyar seedling. Amma zaku iya samun damar kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin haɓaka a waje. Don yin wannan, dole ne ka gina lambu mai dumi a yankin da yafi ƙarfin rana. Don hana shuka mai taushi daga daskarewa, yi amfani da kayan rufe, shayar da shuka kawai da ruwa mai ɗamara kuma ka kula da matakin zafi, hana haɓakawa. Ana ba da shawarar nau'in ripening da wuri:
  • Altai,
  • Manoma na gama kai
  • Lolita
  • M
  • Dewdrop.

Girma guna a cikin wurare masu sanyi, yi ƙoƙarin sa allunan a ƙarƙashin 'ya'yan itatuwa domin guna ba ya narkewa daga danshi. Hakanan, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna buƙatar juyawa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci zuwa wani ganga.

Bidiyo: guna mai girma

Melon a cikin greenhouse

Ganyen shinkafa zai taimakawa fitar da yan lambu dake zama cikin canjin yanayin sanyi. Wannan zabin ya dace da waɗanda suke son samun girbin farko na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ƙanshi. Babban aikin shine samar da kankana tare da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, don kulawa da tsayayyen zazzabi, zafin rana da musayar iska.

Kananan asirin nasara fruiting:

• ingantaccen namo zai samar da nau'ikan da zai iya magance cututtukan fungal;
• dasa mafi kyawun shirye-shiryen seedlings;
• kar a manta cewa pollination shine damuwarku, saboda ƙudan zuma ba sa tashi a cikin greenhouse;
• girma guna a cikin gida kawai a kan trellis.

Greenhouse - mabuɗin don nasarar cinikin ƙwayoyin guna a cikin canjin yanayin sanyi

Cutar da kwari

Ba tare da la’akari da ko kankana ya girma a cikin buɗe ko a rufe ba, yana iya fuskantar cututtuka daban-daban idan bai sami kulawar da ta dace ba. Ba a da tabbatuwar al'adun Kudanci game da mamayewa na kwari masu cutarwa.

Tebur: Cututtuka da kwari, jiyya da rigakafin

Hoton Hoto: Yadda Za a Gano Cututtuka da kwari

Matsaloli sun ci karo lokacin girma guna

Wani lokacin lambu da ba shi da ƙwarewa yana fuskantar gazawar kan aiwatar da ƙuna da yawa. Amma babu wani abu irreparable.

Tebur: Matsaloli da Magani

Lokacin da kankana ya fara farawa, ya daina shayarwa kuma ya ciyar, in ba haka ba 'ya'yan itacen suna iya fashewa

Girbi da adanawa

Kafin ka fara tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa guna, ka tabbata sun cika cikakke. Wannan mai sauƙin yi ne ta alamun nan:

• 'ya'yan itacen samu a net juna halayyar da dama;
• ƙanshi mai daɗin ji ya bazu ko'ina.
• 'Ya'yan itacen da ke cikakke sauƙi keɓewa daga bulala.

'Ya'yan itacen da ba ya yanyanka ba zai isa abin da ake so ba, ba za a adana shi na dogon lokaci. Overripe - kuma ba ya yin dogon lokaci ba, ya fi kyau ci shi nan da nan. Mafi kyawun 'ya'yan itace da aka adana, an tumɓuke shi a farkon matakin balaga.

Ana cire guna tare da ciyawar. Suna buƙatar adana su akan racks a cikin ɗaya Layer. Kuna iya rataye 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin raga na auduga. Wurin ajiyar yakamata ya sami iska, mafi yawan zafin jiki shine 1-3^{game da}C, gumi daga 70 zuwa 80%. Tsarin tsakiyar lokaci da nau'in marigayi suna nuna ingancin kiyayewa mafi kyau. Suna da ikon kula da dandano da halaye na kasuwanci har zuwa ƙarshen hunturu.

Ba za ku iya adana guna a cikin ɗakin tare da sauran kayan lambu ba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin sauƙi sukan sha kamshi mai ɗaci, wanda zai lalata dandano.

Gurasar lafiya ana kiyaye ta cikin limbo

Da farko kallo yana kama da kankana al'adun gargaji ne. Amma, idan kun bi duk ka'idodin namo, to ladan naku zai zama 'ya'yan itace, ƙoshin lafiya da lafiya. Kuma ba damuwa ko kuna zaune a kudu ko a arewa, ku shuka 'ya'yan itace mai taushi a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin kowa. Haka kuma, shayarwa sun danganta yawancin nau'ikan da zasu iya jure yanayin sauƙin yanayi kuma suna da tsayayya ga cuta.