Gwajin lambu ba sau da sauƙi don zaɓar wa kansu nau'ikan cherries. Wataƙila don masu tallafawa 'ya'yan itace da suke zaune da kuma aiki a yankunan tsakiya na Rasha - mafi yawan "ceri" na kasar, wannan zai zama Dessert Datert Morozova.
Kamar dai an halicci wannan ƙwarƙiri ne domin ya sami nasara a rayuwan rukuni na Rasha da sauri kuma ya cika da kayan juices, don faranta wa mutum jin daɗin girbinsa. To, sunan mahaliccin wannan jinsin yana da sananne - yana dauke da sunansa.
Morozova Dessert Cherry - bayanin nau'ayi, 'ya'yan itace,' 'gwadawa' lambu game da halaye da kaddarorin daga baya a cikin labarin.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
Dessert Morozova ne mai inganci matasa iri-iri. Shekara ta haihuwar shi ne shekarar 1997.
A daidai wannan lokaci, al'adun da aka samu da kuma gwadawa sun shiga cikin rukunin jihar Varietal na Rasha.
Kuma tun daga wannan lokaci, godiya ga muhimmancin halayensa, ya kasance mai ban sha'awa a tsakanin masu aikin lambu - masu sana'a da kuma ɗalibai.
Mawallafin iri-iri, wanda ya ba sabon labari ba kawai rai ba, har ma da sunan, shi ne mai sanannun magatakarda, dan takarar kimiyyar aikin noma da kuma masanin kimiyya a cikin cigaban 'ya'yan itace, T. Morozova. Hannunsa kuma yana da Lebedyanskaya, Tamaris.
Kamar yawancin ƙwarjinta da ceri "aiki", Tamara Vasilievna ya kirkiro zane a bisa Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Ciyayi da Nursery ta Rasha. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, Tambov yankin).
Wannan jami'in bincike yana da sananne sosai a Rasha da kasashen waje don abubuwan da suka dace, wanda shine mahimmanci ya haifar da al'adun da suka dace da yanayin yanayi da yanayin mu na yanzu.
Amma ga Dessert Morozova, da Vladimirskaya ƙulla iri-iri da aka yi amfani da matsayin tushen don halitta.
A cikin zaɓin zaɓi, ana bi da nau'in '' iyayen '' '' a cikin 'yan ƙananan' yan kasuwa tare da sinadarin abu na ethyleneimine (EI) ta mutagen.
Tsarin mutagen yayi kimanin 0.1%.
Bayan yawo da kuma shigar da rajista a jihar, an ba da nau'in iri iri don amfanin gona a fadin Tsakiyar Tsakiya ta Tsakiya (Rasha).
Fata, Lyubskaya, Novella suna dace da girma a wadannan yankuna.
Sakamakon zane-zane mai suna Morozova
Wadannan alamun bayyanar sune mahimmanci a cikin Magana na Morozova Cherry Dessert:
Tree
Yawancin lokaci halin matsakaici tsayi (wani lokacin ƙananan ko mafi girma fiye da tsawo). Tree haushi yana rufe muryar haske mai launin ruwan kasa.
Crown, rassan. Ƙawanin yana da iyakacin girmansa, kafa ta hanyar tsayayye, yada rassan da aka rufe da haske. A matsayinka na mulkin, yana da siffar kusa da siffar kwallon. Yawancin lokaci yana ƙunshe da matsakaicin adadin ganye (matsakaici foliage). Irin wadannan alamomi suna nuna su ta hanyar Griot na Moscow, Lebedyanskaya da Morozovka.
Harbe. A elongated harbe ne launin toka-kore a launi. An kafa kananan adadin lewatsun a farfajiya.
A buds suna da taso keya ovoid siffar, muhimmanci deviated daga surface na shoot. Fruiting yana faruwa ne a kan rassan rassan da kuma a kowace shekara (a cikin karshen - zuwa mafi girma).
Bar. Dessert Morozova ganye suna halin da haske tabarau na maras ban sha'awa kore. Girman da ya saba da ita don wannan karamar karamar yana da fiye da matsakaici. Halin shine obovoid.
Ƙasa marar laushi yana da santsi ga farfajiyar taɓawa. A gefen takardar, ana kula da maganganun biconoriginal. A gininsa zaka iya ganin 1-2 kananan gland.
An bar ganye a kan rageccen petioles na matsakaici kauri. A petioles akwai gland na ja launi.
Inflorescences A kan itacen a cikin bazara a cikin nau'i na wardi Bloom manyan size furanni furanni. Petals suna zagaye. Hatsar pistil da stamens suna da matakan daban.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
Zagaye, ƙwayoyi masu yawa da masu nauyi (matsakaicin nauyin 'ya'yan itace cikin 4.7-5.0 g) a tushe suna da babban tsauni da taro tare da rashin fahimta. A cikin ciki na berries an gyara kawai m gani.
Cikin fata yana da haske mai launin ja, akwai ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan cututtuka.
Jiki na launin launi daya bai bambanta a ƙimar musamman ba, akwai ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai yawa.
A cikin 'ya'yan itace, kashi mai tsaka-tsaka, mai tasowa yana ɓoye, wanda sauƙin raba shi daga ɓangaren litattafan almara. An ajiye Berry a kan reshe ta hanyar tsirrai mai tsayi.
Tsakanin gandun daji ba tare da kwanciyar hankali ba akwai rabuwa ta rabuwa. Bugu da ari a cikin labarin labarin irin kayan zaki mai suna Morozova da hoto na 'ya'yan itace.
Halaye na iri-iri
Winterhardy cher cherry Dessert Morozovakamar yadda wannan shekarun yake nufin wanda aka hade kansa. Dangane da ikon yin takin tare da pollen sa, wannan rukuni ya kasance matsakaicin matsakaici tsakanin nauyin kai da kai da jinsin kai.
Irin wannan dangantaka yana nufin cewa al'ada a cikin tambaya ta hanyar jinsin halittarta zai iya ɗauka daga 7 zuwa 20% na dukkanin kayan aikin.
Saboda haka, domin ya iya harba yawan amfanin ƙasa mai kyau, Morozova Dessert Cherry yana buƙatar karin itatuwa masu rarraba daga waje.
Mafi kyau mafi kyau a nan shine irin wadannan abubuwa kamar "Griot Rossoshansky", "Griot Ostheims", "Student", "Vladimirskaya".
Bugu da kari, yankan yana da tasiri sosai. Irin wannan hanya a karkashin wasu yanayi ya bada 70-75% tushen Dessert Morozova.
A lokaci guda, Vladimirskaya cherry an dauke shi mafi kyawun samfurin (itace wanda aka dasa bishiyoyi) don wannan iri-iri.
A cewar misali, Dessert, kamar Podbelskaya, ripens da wuri. An cire girbi a karkashin yanayin yanayin zafi a cikin farkon shekaru goma na Yuni. Duk da haka, ana iya sa ran iyakar adadin cikakke cikakke ne kawai 3-4 shekara bayan dasa wannan iri-iri.
A mataki na cikakken ripeness, 'ya'yan itacen cikakken ya gaskata da sunan da iri-iri. Cherries ba kawai m a bayyanar, amma kuma sosai dadi.
Ana nuna alamar 'ya'yan itace mai laushi mai kyau tare da haske mai dadi mai ban sha'awa (Datert Morozova cherries suna rage yawan acidity). Iri Volochaevka, Zhukovskaya da Lebedyanskaya suna da kyakkyawan dandano mai dadi.
Abincin sinadaran na kayan nishadi Morozova:
| Haɗuwa | Yawan |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 12,78% |
| Acids | 0,90% |
| Ascorbic acid | 10.0 MG / 100 g |
Tree Ana haifar da 'ya'ya a kowace shekara. Girbi yana da mai kyau transportabilitywanda ya sa iri-iri masu ban sha'awa a cikin sharudda sayarwa a kasuwanni.
Kamar yadda masu aikin lambu na Michurinsk, da asalin Dessert Morozova, lura, Sakamakon wannan ceri a kan matsakaita kai 55-70 centers a kowace hectare (35 kg daga daya itace).
Daga cikin high-yawan amfanin ƙasa iri daraja biyan hankali ga iri dake Turgenevka, Ural Ruby da Rossoshanskaya baki.
Wannan ceri ba kawai kyakkyawa ne a bayyanar ba, amma kuma yana da amfani sosai ga jikin mutum. Yana, musamman, ya ƙunshi isa mai yawa jan karfe, cobalt, baƙin ƙarfe - abubuwa masu sinadaran jini, taimakawa tare da anemia. Iri Chernokorka, Uralskaya Rubinovaya da Kharitonovskaya kuma mallaki amfani Properties.
Don kau da toxins na nitrogenous mahadi "alhakin" pectins kunshe a cikin ceri berries. Abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta suna samuwa a cikin Dessert Pulp.
Bugu da ƙari, Cherry ita ce samfuri mai mahimmanci. Lokacin da aka cinye, ci yana samun mafi alhẽri, Metabolism na sunadarai da fats inganta, aiki na tsakiya ne na al'ada. A ƙarshe, itatuwan 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace 'ya'yan itace suna cinye ƙishirwarsu daidai.
Hotuna
Dasa da kulawa
Kafin farawa kan dasa shuki sapling, wajibi ne a shirya a hankali don shirya wani bishiya mai girma gaba da kuma samar da matsakaicin iyaka.
Musamman ma, don Dessert Morozova samfurin, yana da kyau a zabi wani makirci girman mita 3x3. A cikin iyakokin irin wannan ma'auni, tsarin tushen, tushen kowane shuka, zai iya bunkasa da zurfi da zurfi.
Hakika Dole ne filin jirgin saman ya kasance a gefen gefen gonar.
Yana da kyawawa don samun 'yan kaɗan kamar yadda zai yiwu, iskõki, da ruwa mai zurfi ba ya kusa kusa da ƙasa. (ba kusa da 1.5-1 m).
Ya kamata ku kula da yanayin ƙasa a wurin shuka.
Ya kamata kunshi tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin (ta hanyar acidity) loam, sandy ko yashi yashi.
A tsakiyar filin gyaran da ba a inganta ba don dasa bishiyoyi wani rami da zurfin 40-60 cm da diamita na 50-60 cm.
Kasashen da aka janye daga rami kada a jefa su. An gauraye shi da ma'adinai da takin gargajiya (humus, humus) don sauke nauyin asali.
A cikin aiwatar da dasa shuki a cikin rami a tsaye a tsaye, daidaita hanyoyin sa.
Bayan cike da rami tare da cakuda ƙasa da taki kusa da akwati a cikin radius na 40-50 cm a hankali compacted duk wata hanya a hannun.
Na farko watering nan da nan bayan dasa shi ne ba kasa da 3 buckets na ruwan sanyi mai sanyi.
Bayan watering sagging karkashin aikin na danshi ƙasa Yayyafa da 2-inch Layer na ciyawa daga sawdust da humus.
A lokacin da pruning yawanci taqaitaccen danda rassan da kambi.
Idan an manta da wannan pruning, to, adadin rassan rassan za su karu da yawa, wanda zai haifar da mummunar tasiri a kan yawan amfanin ƙwayar cherries.
Cututtuka da kwari
Gaba ɗaya, zanen Dessert Morozova ya nuna Kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtukan fungal.
Duk da haka tare da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani spores na naman gwari Sossomusés hiemalis - da causative wakili na cutar coccomicosis - wannan ceri na iya samun alamar nuna daidaituwa zuwa wannan cuta na musamman.
Tare da irin wannan kamuwa da cutar, sai bishiyoyin bishiyoyi suka rufe su. Ba da daɗewa lakabin murfin ya fara bushe da sauri kuma ya fāɗi a gaban lokaci. Wannan yana haifar da raunana shuka, rasa damar da za ta ci kullum, da kuma mutuwa ba tare da dadewa ba.
Kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtukan fungal sun nuna iri dake ciki kamar Molodezhnaya, Morozovka, Nadezhda da Novella.
Idan kayan nishadi Morozova har yanzu suna da lafiya, ya zama dole don fara magani ba tare da rasa lokaci ba. Don yin wannan, aka gudanar Sau uku mai aiki da kayan aiki.
A karo na farko da aka yi magungunan kafin buds suyi, a karo na biyu - a ƙarshen tsari na flowering, a karo na uku - makonni 2-3 bayan lokacin flowering ya ƙare.
Daga rodents wanda zai iya lalata haushi a cikin hunturu da ƙananan rassan ceri zai adana magungunan gindin itacen raga na musamman ko kowane abu mai mahimmanci.
Kamar yadda yake da wuya a lura, dasa, kula da iri-iri da aka tsara, kwaro da cuta da rashin lafiya sun bambanta da yadda aka yi tare da wasu irin cherries.
Amma lambu zai yi duk wannan don samun samfurin da yake da kyau a dandano da lafiya.
