Mullein tsararren tsire ne daga dangin Norichen. Kasar haihuwarta ita ce Bahar Rum, Amurka da gabashin Asiya. Itace kuma an san shi da sunan Latin - verbascum, amma a cikin ƙasar ba a amfani dashi sau da yawa. Janyo hankalin mullein da yalwatacce fure. The fi na mai tushe ne gaba daya a karkashin boye mai haske, m furanni. Ba mai wucewa ɗaya da zai wuce ta ba tare da sha'awar launin ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda ko dusar ƙanƙara mai-dusar ƙanƙara. Furanni masu haske suna jan tsuntsaye da kwari masu fa'ida, don haka lambun daga sanyin safiya zai cika da jujjuyawa da buzzing. A cikin kulawa, mullein ba shi da cikakkiyar fassara, kuma kyawawan furanninta ba kawai faranta ido ba ne, har ma suna taimakawa wajen inganta lafiya.
Bayanin Botanical
Mullein shine shuka iri biyu ko perennial, kodayake ana samun annuals a yanayi. Tana da ƙarfi sanda rhizome kuma madaidaiciya, kusan katako mai nauyi wanda ya tashi 0,5-3 a gindi wani tushe mai kauri ne mai kauri. Leavesarshen ganye yana da petioles rabin tsawon farantin ganye. A sama da tushe ne sessile foliage. An ɗora shi a gefe ko a karkace. Leaflet ɗin suna da ƙaƙƙarfan filastik mai launin fure ko fenti mai launin zuciya. Fuskokinsu duka, har da furanni da furanni, an cika su da murhun ji. Otsan ganye da ganye suna fentin cikin duhu kore ko launin toka-kore.
Daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, doguwar kara tsayi cikin tsiwirwirinyen ganye, wanda aka lashe tare da inflorescence. Fure mai fure yana kunshe da yawo da dama. A kasan akwai layin -7 4-7, kuma a saman akwai ofaramar fure-fure masu smallerari. Girman daskarar corolla yana da kusan cm 2. Ya ƙunshi fenti mai launin rawaya kuma yana da siffar tubular ko funle. Thearfafa da furanni, furanni masu buɗewa, stamens 5 an ɓoye, daban-daban a girma da sifar. Ana yawo a duk lokacin bazara.
Bayan pollination, karamin akwatin oblong iri matures. Ita ma tana da yawan inuwa. A ciki akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin oblong. Fentin su mai laushi yana zane-zanen launin shuɗi.
Tsarin Mullein
Halin halittar mullein yana da bambanci sosai, fiye da jinsin tsirrai 250 ne ke rijista a ciki. Kaɗan ne kawai ake samu a Rasha. An daidaita da su zuwa yanayin yanayin zafi, kuma suna da kyawawan kayan warkarwa.
Mullein yana scepter-like (densely flowered). Itace mai tsawon 20-120 cm mai tsayi tana da kauri, madaidaiciya kara wanda aka rufe ta da ciyawar. Leavesasan m ganye ya kai 10-40 cm a tsayi, kuma girman babba shine 4-10 cm .. Dogon ƙwanƙwasa ƙwararren hoto yana cike da furanni masu ruwan shuɗi. Ga kamanceceniya da ƙusoshin inflorescences tare da sandan sarauta, iri-iri sun sami suna. Girman dutsen kowane corolla shine 3.5-5 cm. Furannin furanni suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi, furanni masu bushe suna da ƙoshin zuma sosai.
Mullein gama gari (kunnen kunne). Dukkan sassan shuka suna da matukar tashe tare da tari mai yawa na silvery. Dark kore foliage is located kusan tare da dukan tsawon lokacin shoot, kuma amma sosai saman aka lashe tare da wani ɗan gajeren karye-dimbin yawa inflorescence. Leavesarancin ƙananan petiole suna da tsawon 15-30 cm .. Girman su a hankali yana raguwa zuwa sama. Sakamakon ganye da ke raguwa a hankali, inji daga nesa yayi kama da mazugi. Inflorescence ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni masu yawa tare da diamita na har zuwa 2 cm.
Mullein baƙar fata ne. Tsirren 50-120 cm tsayi yana da tushe mai tushe. Babban foliage yana kawai a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na uku na harba. Leavesasan ƙananan ganyen petiole ba su da wata ma'ana ko ƙirar zuciya. Suna da tsawon cm 20. Dogon inflorescence an rufe shi da buns of kananan furanni rawaya. Wuraren launin ruwan ƙasa suna ƙasa daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kuma an yi ado da stamens tare da lilac villi.
Mullein officinalis. Mai tushe 0.5-1.5 m tsayi an cika ta da ganye. A cikin sashin na sama akwai inflorescence mai tsayi, wanda wani lokacin rassan zuwa cikin harbe da yawa. All sassa na shuka an rufe shi da lokacin farin ciki tari tari. Ganyayyaki masu kyau tare da baki mai faɗi a tsawon sura 15-25. Furanni masu taushi, dogayen fure ana haɗasu tare da tsawon tsawon inflorescence. Dansu diamita shine 3.5-5.5 cm .. An yiwa fenti fenti a ja.
Mullein yana da hankali. An samo wannan nau'in kayan ado ta hanyar tsaka-tsaki mai zurfi. Amfaninta shine manyan furanni na launuka daban-daban. Tsawon harbe ya dogara da iri-iri kuma yana iya zama ƙasa da 50 cm ko kusan 1.8 m.
- Mont Blanc - tsire mai tsayi tare da manyan furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara;
- Herry Helen - inflorescence ya ƙunshi manyan (har zuwa 10 cm a diamita) furanni ruwan hoda mai haske;
- Jackie - dwarf iri-iri har zuwa 45 cm tsayi an rufe shi da furanni masu ruwan shuɗi;
- Pink Domino - Gwannatin orange ana gani a kan manyan furanni rasberi.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Ana iya aiwatar da haifuwa ta Mullein ta hanyar shuka iri ko dasa tushen abubuwa. Tsaba suna riƙe germination su na dogon lokaci kuma suna da tsayayya da sanyi, saboda haka zaku iya shuka su nan da nan a buɗe. A shuka kuma sau da yawa bada kai seeding. Sakamakon tushe na sanda, wanda yake tafiya zurfi a cikin ƙasa, ba shi da mahimmanci sake maimaita mullein. Sabili da haka, albarkatu na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire basa aiki. A cikin ƙasa buɗe, ana shuka tsaba nan da nan a cikin dindindin. Yi wannan a tsakiyar Mayu ko kuma daga baya, lokacin da aka saita matsakaita yawan zafin rana a + 13 ... + 18 ° C. Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 1-2. A wata na fari, seedlings ke tsiro a hankali. Daga baya suna haɓakawa da sauri kuma basa buƙatar kulawa mai yawa. Ana sa ran hurawa a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Ya kamata a tuna cewa mullein yana da sauƙin pollinated, don haka seedlings na iya bambanta sosai da tsire-tsire na uwa.
Don adana nau'ikan halaye na taimaka wa yanke. Ya kamata a yanke yankan bayan ƙarshen lokacin furanni (Agusta-Satumba), to, yiwuwar nasarar tushen zai zama da yawa. Babban tsiro tare da matakan basal an haƙa shi kuma an warware shi daga ƙasa. An yanke Tushen cikin sassa da yawa tare da buds ko ƙananan harbe. Tsawon kowane rhizome ya kamata ya zama akalla cm cm 5. Ana sanya Delenki a kwance a cikin rijiyoyin da aka shirya. Da farko, an rufe su da yashi mai kauri tare da kauri na 5 mm, kuma a saman - tare da ƙasa zuwa tsayin 15-20 mm. Dole ne a lura da nisa na 40 cm tsakanin shuki.
Dokokin Kulawa
Mullein ba a fassara shi ba shuka mai wahala ba. Ko da novice na iya kula da shi. Don haɓaka al'ada, shuka yana buƙatar buɗe rana. An ba da izinin girgiza kadan, amma tare da babban rashin hasken rana, inji zai ci gaba da muni.
Soilasa don dasa ya zama sako-sako da haske. Ya isa yashi, ya tsaku da peat a ƙasa mai yumɓu. Yana da kyau idan ƙasa tana da yawan haihuwa. Sannan mullein zai iya yin girma a kai tsawon shekaru. Amma a cikin ƙasa na gina jiki, yakan zama mafi muni kuma sau da yawa yakan mutu a ƙarshen kakar.
Watering da mullein wajibi ne kawai a yanayin bushe. Smallarancin ruwa ya isa. Tsakanin ban ruwa, kasar gona ya kamata ta bushe sosai. Don tushen da ke zurfafa zuwa cikin ƙasa, ciyar da ruwan ƙasa ba zai zama matsala ba. Amma akai-akai da tsawaita tsawa daga danshi a cikin ƙasa tabbas zai haifar da lalacewar tushen da mutuwar shuka.
Ciyar da mullein na da matukar wuya. Daya takin tare da hadadden ma'adinai a lokacin furanni ya isa. Idan kasar gona ta kasance m, to, za su yi ba tare da hadi da kwata.
Domin mullein ya rayu tsawon shekaru biyu, ana bada shawara don yanke inflorescence kafin tsaba su ba da girma. Hybrid iri bayan pruning sami damar Bloom akai-akai a cikin shekarar.
Amfani da lambun
Tall shuke-shuke da irin wannan manyan da kyawawan furanni ba za su sa ido a cikin lambun ba. Musamman idan yazo ga nau'ikan kayan ado tare da launuka daban-daban na fure. Duk tsawon lokacin bazara, ciyawar za ta jawo hankalin kwari da tsuntsaye. Yana farawa lokacin da primroses sun riga sun bushe, kuma daga baya perennials ba su kafa buds ba. Saboda haka, mullein ya cika ɗan hutu a cikin fure. Yana da muhimmanci a zabi maƙwabta na gari domin gonar fure ta kasance da jituwa. Zasu iya zama orchis, catnip, salvia, anaphalis, Sage.
Hakanan ana amfani da mullein thickets a matsayin asalin a bangon gadajen fure. Ana iya dasa shi a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a tsakiyar tsakiyar lawn, a cikin manyan shinge ko a kan hanyoyi.
Abubuwan da ke warkar da tsire-tsire
Ana amfani da nau'ikan mullein da yawa a cikin maganin mutane. Furancinta, tushen sa da harberta suna da wadataccen tannins, bitamin, gamsai, mayuka masu mahimmanci, flavonoids. Man shafawa, tinctures na barasa da kayan kwalliya daga wasu sassan shuka ana amfani dasu azaman anti-mai kumburi, expectorant, hemostatic da antimicrobial jamiái.
Ana amfani da kayan ado na fure-fure zuwa lokacin farin ciki lokacin farin ciki a cikin bronchi da huhu. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai laushi ana shafawa a warts don rabu da su. Compress da masks dangane da kayan ado suna taimakawa wajen yakar kuraje. Alcohol da tinctures na ruwa ana ɗauka don maganin cystitis, asma, kumburi, ƙwanƙwasa, amai. Ana amfani da Mullein sosai a cikin basur, cututtukan fata, tarin fuka, gami da cututtukan hanta da na hanji. Don hana kamuwa da cuta daga shiga raunuka, kyallen takarda ko fasa a ƙafa, an yayyafa su da bushe mullein foda.
Samun kayan abinci na kayan magani ana yin su ne lokacin furanni. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa kowane fure yana rayuwa kwana ɗaya kawai kuma yana faduwa da yamma. Tarin tattara abubuwan farin ciki yana gudana da safe. Suna bushe a cikin alfarwa ko a cikin murhun bushewa a yanayin zafi har zuwa 50 ° C. An adana kayan kayan bushe masu kyau a cikin zane ko jakunkuna na shekaru biyu.
Mullein ba shi da maganin hana haihuwa, amma ya kamata a ɗauke shi da taka tsantsan ga mutane masu saurin kamuwa da cuta. Duk magungunan dole ne a shafa su ta hanyar yadudduka da yawa. Ko da karamin adadin villi yana haifar da fushi mai zafi na ciki da membran mucous.
