Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun orchid na orchids - Miltonia (Miltonia) - ya bayyana a Rasha daga gandun daji na Brazil da Columbia, inda yake girma cikin yanci a cikin yanayin halitta. Ba mai rikitarwa sosai a cikin abin da ke ciki, furen yayi kama da daskararren kayan marmari.
Miltonia: Mashahurai iri-iri
Ana sayar da babban nau'in nau'ikan iri da kuma nau'ikan miltonia. Siffar furen kamar kadan take, kawai ya fi girma. Akwai nau'ikan launuka iri-iri na fure mai kauri: fari, m, rawaya, ruwan hoda, shunayya. Maanshin sa mai palpable kuma mai dadi. Bambancin ya danganta da manyan nau'ikan 20, wanda aka sami mafi nau'ikan 40.
Miltonia Morris Chestnut
Epiphytic orchid yana da tsattsarkan rhizomes da pseudobulbs mai fa'ida guda ɗaya, ya faɗi a ɓangarorin biyu. Bar ganye girma iri biyu - rhizome da apical. Inflorescences a kaikaice akan tsawon mai tushe.
Mahimmanci! Bai kamata Miltonia ta rikita shi da Miltoniopsis ba. Waɗannan suna da alaƙa da kusanci, suna da nau'ikan shida kuma, har kwanan nan, a haɗe tare da halittar Miltonia. Amma binciken kimiyya ya tabbatar da bambance-bambancen kwayoyin.
Miltonia Mix
A ƙarƙashin wannan sunan kasuwanci, ana siyar da kayan dasawa wanda ba a san inuwar furanni na gaba ba. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen launuka masu launin ruwan hoda, shunayya, fari da launuka masu launin shuɗi. Kuna buƙatar kulawa da su a cikin hanya ɗaya ga sauran nau'in halittu, lura da yanayin zafi da keɓaɓɓen haske.
Haɗa Miltonia
Miltonia yellowish
Itacen ya girma har zuwa girman 50 cm. Lokacin fure yana daga Satumba zuwa Janairu kuma daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni. Yankin farfajiyar har zuwa 1 m tsawon lokaci yana da 7 7 buds wanda suka yi fure zuwa murhun tauraro mai launin shuɗi zuwa 8 cm faɗi. Lebe tare da wavy gefen yana da 4-6 rawaya mai launin shuɗi.
Yawancin suna buƙatar babban bambanci a cikin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun (15-17 ° C - da dare, 25 ° C - a yayin rana). A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, zai iya jure da mummunan raguwa a cikin zafin jiki na iska. M pseudobulbs mai launin rawaya-kore suna kan kan abin da ke fitarwa a nesa na 3 cm daga juna. Ganyayyaki mai siffar ƙanƙanuwa yakai tsawon cm 30. A lokacin haɓaka mai aiki, yana buƙatar sutturar sutturar sati-sati. Mafi girman zafi 80%.
Miltonia flavescens
Miltonia Morella
An daɗe da yarda da cewa wannan wani bambancin miltonia ne mai haske, amma a yau ana ɗaukarsa wani jinsi ne mai zaman kansa. Furanni sun fi haske haske, kuma ya fi girma. Pseudobulbs sun fi birgima. An rufe ɓangaren rhizome na harbi tare da ganyen scaly. Girman furanni kayan ado ne mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗakin haske a gindi har zuwa 10 cm a diamita. Tsawon lebe 5 cm, launinsa yana da wuta - ruwan hoda-shunayya mai duhu mai duhu. Lokacin fure na kowane toho shine mako shida.
Miltonia Moreliana Henfr
Miltonia yana da haske
Wannan nau'in ana san shi da sifofi masu ruɓi-tsayayye har zuwa cm 10 tsayi .. Haskensu yana da launin shuɗi. An daidaita siffar daga bangarorin. Yankunan Rhizome na harbe suna da haɓaka. Tsawon Tushen ya kai cm 10. Ganyen yana da layi-ɗamara mai ɗamara tare da maƙallan launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi zuwa 15 cm. Tsawon inflorescences ya haɗu zuwa cm 25, wanda akansa har zuwa kusoshi 20.
Inuwa daban-daban: daga m-plum-m zuwa fari. Lebe yana da girma (har zuwa 5 cm tsayi kuma 4 cm fadi), yadudduka dan kadan a gindi, yana da kullun duhu mai duhu da kuma gefen wuta mai haske. Lokacin fure shi ne bazara da rabi na biyu na bazara. Kowane fure yana wuce har sati huɗu.
Miltonia spectabilis
Miltonia Varshevich
Orchid daga Amurka ta Tsakiya. Ganyayyaki tare da ƙarshen zagaye suna da tsawo zuwa cm 14. Yana samar da inflorescence mai yawa, wasu lokuta suna yin zane, tare da furanni har zuwa 4 cm a diamita. Sepals da petals suna kama, suna da yawa tare da haɓakawa a ƙarshen. Fentin launin ja-kasa-kasa, fari da launuka masu launin shuɗi. Lebe-m lebe mai fadi ne, bilobate tare da farin baki. A tsakiya akwai diski mai launin shuɗi. Tsawon lokacin fure daga watan Agusta zuwa Afrilu. Mafi aiki buds Bloom daga Fabrairu zuwa Maris.
Miltonia Warczewiczii
Millenia Orchid: kulawar gida
Wannan epiphyte na zamani yana fifita sanyin sanyi da babban zafi a cikin kewayon daga 50 zuwa 90%. Kar a sanya tukwane akan radiators. A cikin rana, kuna buƙatar kula da zafin jiki na 24-26 ° C, kuma da dare - ƙananan zuwa 15-17 ° C. Severearin tsananin sanyayawar sanyi yana haifar da daskarewa na ganye, wanda zai iya bushewa koda daga pseudobulb.
Haushi
Orchid ana shayar da kowace rana ko sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 3. An zaɓi yanayin dangane da zafi a cikin ɗakin. Kyakkyawan yanayin ƙasa a cikin tukunya yana da rigar koyaushe, amma iska ta ratsa shi kyauta. Don shayarwa, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da ɓarna, a cikin abin da ake kulawa da kayan miya a kowane lokaci. Amma tace, Boiled da warmed zuwa ruwan zafin jiki shima ya dace. Tsarin ruwa yana kama da wannan: tukunyar an nutsar da rabin tsayi a cikin kwantena tare da ruwa mai ɗora, kuma an yayyafa shi a saman ganshin. Bayan sun sanya tukunyar a kan dutsen su jira har sai magudanar ruwan ta lalace. Sannan suka sanya shi a kan busasshiyar tire.
Alamar nuna kyawun tsirran itace ganyenta. Idan kwatsam su sami sauƙi da raha, wannan yana nuna tsananin damuwa. Don taimaka wa Tushen ya murmure, kuna buƙatar sake shirya tukunya na kwana ɗaya ko biyu a cikin wurin mai bushe, bushe.
Kula! Tare da cikakken lalata Tushen, pseudobulbs zai taimaka wajen gina sababbi. An sanya shi a cikin akwati na ruwa kuma jiran ci gaban sababbin asalin. Ana canza ruwa kowace rana.
Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi don miltonia shine 60-80%. Koyaya, ɗakin dole ne ya sami iska mai kyau. Idan zafi ya yi ƙasa sosai, ganyayyaki sun fara ja. Ba za ku iya fesa su ba, za ku iya sanya iska a ciki kawai. Don yin wannan, sanya tukunya a kan ƙaramin ƙarfe tare da yumɓu da aka lalace. Lokacin da waterlogged tare da hypothermia, lalata abubuwa fara. A alamar farko, an cire duk wuraren da suka lalace nan da nan, kuma ana watsa orchid cikin ƙasa sabo.
Nasihun Haske
A cikin daji, ana samun miltonia a Argentina, Paraguay, arewa maso gabashin Brazil, Peru da Amurka ta tsakiya. A cikin gandun daji, yana girma a tsawon mil 200 zuwa 1500, amma mafi yawansu ya mamaye tsawon 600-900 m. Furanni masu fure suna girma a wurare masu duhu na gandun daji da kuma wurare masu haske, amma ba a hasken rana kai tsaye.
Yakamata a rarraba hasken rana, yayin da mafi kyawun hasken wuta ya ishe na awanni 2-4. Sauran lokacin, inuwa amintacce ya isa. Lightarin haske, mai haske a cikin ganyayyaki, idan kuma babu isasshen rana, sai su yi duhu. Redness da rawaya suna nuna cewa tukunyar tana buƙatar cirewa daga taga, saboda an ƙone ganyen.
Manyan miya da ƙasa
Ilasa ga miltonia shine mafi mahimmanci. Waɗanda suke na yau da kullun ba su dace da ita ba. Zai fi kyau shirya cakuda da kanka. Don yin wannan, ɗauki babban yanki na haushi na itacen ɓawon burodi, ƙwayar kwakwa, guna da peat. Duk a daidai gwargwado. Sakamakon abu ne wanda yake sako-sako da sako wanda iska ba ta wuce shi. Tukunyar tukunya ta cika, ta shimfiɗa a ƙasan murfin, da kuma gansakuka a kai. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, zaku iya siyan ƙasa wanda aka shirya.
A lokacin tilasta fure stalks, saman miya ne da za'ayi tare da takin gargajiya na musamman don orchids. Wasu nau'ikan abinci sun isa ciyarwa ɗaya a cikin makonni biyu, amma wasu suna buƙatar su kowane mako. Zai fi kyau duba tare da mai siyar da kayan shuka. Mayar da hankali shine mafita sau hudu ƙasa da masana'antun sun bada shawarar. Yawan abinci mai gina jiki yana da matukar illa ga miltonia. Tana buƙatar hadaddun potassium-phosphorus-potassium tare da tsari 18-18-18, ko 20-20-20. A ƙarshen ƙarshen sabon girma, sun daina ciyarwa, suna barin orchid ya tafi hutu.
Yadda ake juya miltonia
Masana sun nace: ya kamata a yi dashi nan da nan, da zaran an kawo tukunyar da aka saka tare da orchid a gidan. Mafi kyawun lokacin sayan shine bazara. Kusan dukkanin orchids da gaske ba sa son lokacin da tushensu ke rikicewa, amma ba shi yiwuwa a yi ba tare da shi ba. Yana da mahimmanci ba wai kawai cire fure daga cikin substrate ba, har ma don bincika duk ɓangarorin don gano da kuma cire wuraren da lalatattu cikin lokaci. Idan cutar ta zauna, kuma tushen ya lalace, to, ya zama mai laushi ga taɓawa kuma ya sami launi mai duhu launin shuɗi maimakon lafiya mai launin kore-fari.
Za'a iya amfani da tsohuwar ƙasa don mulching a gonar, amma ba akai-akai ba. Itatuwan tsire-tsire ne kawai waɗanda suka gama fure za a iya dasawa (peduncles bushe). Yana da mahimmanci a hankali amfani da kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin aikin tare da barasa ko yayyafa tare da foda sulfur. Orchids suna da sauƙin kamuwa da cuta, saboda haka kuna buƙatar kulawa da kariyar su daga ƙwayoyin cuta.
Mahimmanci! Duk sassan da lalacewar an yayyafa shi da ƙwayar carbon mai aiki da aka kunna.
A bu mai kyau siyan sabon tukunya mai cike da kwanciyar hankali don saka idanu da yanayin tushen kuma ya basu dama kada su dakatar da tsarin daukar hoto. A kasan akwai buɗaɗɗun buɗewa don magudanar ruwa. Kowane tukunya mai zuwa ana zaɓa mai zurfi da fadi-ƙasa ta aƙalla 2 cm, amma suna ƙaruwa da girman tushen taro. Nagari don sauyawa a kowace shekara 2.
Canza tsari a cikin matakai:
- Cire orchid daga tukunyar.
- Ana wanke Tushen a cikin kwari tare da ruwa mai tsabta. Idan sun jingine guda na haushi, to, an bar su kamar yadda ake so.
- Matattun ganye ko bushe, da bushewar ƙusoshin, ana cire su.
- Ana aiwatar da haifuwa ta hanyar rarrabe sassan rhizome tare da pseudobulbs guda uku masu lafiya.
- An rufe ƙasa da ruwa kadan, amma kada ku sha shi. Sphagnum an shimfiɗa ta a saman, ƙirƙirar microclimate mafi kyau duka.
Mahimmanci! Wani bangare, tushen tsarin zai mutu yayin dasawa; wannan ba za'a iya kauce masa ba. Zai ɗauki kimanin watanni 6 don murmurewa.
Furen Miltonia a cikin kulawa yana da ɗan rikitarwa fiye da phalaenopsis, tunda ya fi buƙatu akan zafin jiki da zafi. Zai ɗauki haƙuri da wasu gogewa. Idan orchidist yana da damar bayar da bambancin zazzabi tsakanin rana da dare na kimanin 8 - 8 C, to, fure ba zai daɗe kuma zai farantawa launuka da launuka mai haske.
