Mun dasa inabi a farkon bazara: yadda ake gudanar da aikin gasa

A farkon bazara, an fara aikin lambu. A lokaci guda, lokaci yayi da za a shuka inabi. Zabi wani wuri, shirya rami, dasa shuki dama yana da matsala. Amma duk abin da ba shi da rikitarwa kamar yadda aka gani da farko. Babban abu shine sanin yadda ake yin shi.

Ana shirya girbin innabi a bazara

Mutum zai iya faɗi game da inabi a gaba ɗaya: duk da gaskiyar cewa shuka ce ta ƙasashe masu ɗumi, seedlings wasu daga cikin nau'ikanta suna iya dacewa da yanayin yanayin da ko da nau'ikan itatuwan apple ɗinmu ba sa iya samun nasarar ci gaba ...

I.V. Michurin

Tabbas kowane ɗan lambu akalla sau ɗaya ya yi tunani game da kiwo inabi akan rukunin sa. Kuma wasu sun yi nasarar noma shi na dogon lokaci. Nomawar inabine koyaushe yana farawa da shirya masa wuri.

Zabi kwanan wata da wurin saukowa

A cikin bazara, lokacin da zafin jiki na iska bai faɗi ƙasa + 10 ... +15^{game da}Tare da wucewa da barazanar sanyi, ƙwararrun lambu sun bada shawarar fara dasa inabi.

Akwai imani cewa ana iya dasa inabi a lokacin da ceri ya yi fure. Wannan yana nufin cewa duniya ta warmed sama.

Tun da kusan babban yanayin don haɓakar inabi shine ƙasa mai ɗumi, wajibi ne don dumama shi. A kan wannan, a farkon lokacin bazara:

1. Ana shayar da ƙasa da ruwan zafi a zazzabi na + 50 ... +70^{game da}C.
2. Rufe shi da fim ɗin baƙar fata.
3. Sun sanya hotunan fuska.

Inabi yana ƙaunar wuraren da ba a daidaita shi ba, saboda haka yana da kyau a shirya layuka na al'adu daga arewa zuwa kudu don kyawun hasken rana. Yana girma da kyau akan haske, sako-sako, kasa mai hadu. Ruwan ƙasa, wanda yake kusa da saman ƙasa, ba shine mafi kyawun maƙwabta na waɗannan tsirrai ba, tunda akwai haɗarin daskarewa da ciyayi a cikin hunturu da kuma lalacewar tushen sa a bazara. Idan akwai irin wannan matsalar, masanan lambu gogaggen shawarar:

• tono ramuka don itacen innabi ba su da zurfi sosai har nisan da ke cikin ruwan ƙasa ya zama aƙalla 1 m;
• saka magudanar ruwa a gindin ramin - manyan duwatsu ko guntu na kwance, domin a bazara ruwan ba ya cika ruwa a gindin kurangar inabi.

A bu mai kyau a dasa gonakin inabi a wurare masu fadi, saboda a cikin kwari mai kwari ba su da isasshen hasken rana, tuddai kuma suna bude wa dukkanin iska, wanda ba a ke so ba musamman a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da daji ke tsari daga iska da sanyi. Koyaya, zaku iya dasa su akan gangara a gefen kudu. Wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin canja wuri, tunda akan wannan ɓangaren duniya yana ƙara ƙarfi. Kuma, kamar yadda ka sani, da yawan zafin rana, yadda 'ya'yan inabi suke girma.

Gine-ginen wurare daban-daban na iya taka rawar allo daga iska lokacin zabar wani wuri don gonar inabin da ke kusa da su. A mafi kyau duka nisa daga bangon zuwa itacen inabi bushes ne 1 m.

Daga kwarewar mutum, zan iya faɗi cewa tsirrai da ke girma kusa da farin shinge daga sandar da ke gefen kudu a cikin gidan ƙasata sun fara yin 'ya'ya a mako ɗaya da suka wuce wasu nau'ikan iri ɗaya, amma suna girma a wasu wuraren na yanar gizon. Farin shinge yana nuna hasken rana da zafi a kan gadaje kusa da gadaje waɗanda aka shinge da kayan rufin. Don haka, ana samun sakamako biyu. Bugu da kari, wannan shinge kariya ce mai kyau ta iska.

Tun da girbin innabi ya dogara da yankin akan shi fiye da yawan bushes, nisan dake tsakaninsu yana da babban tasiri akan 'ya'yan itace. An bada shawarar dasa bushes a nesa ba kusa da 3 m daga juna da 3 m a cikin aisles. Koyaya, an ba da ƙananan wuraren lambunan mu, suna ba da izinin m 2.5.

Nisa mafi kyau duka tsakanin itacen innabi a jere shine 3 m

Saukowa rami shiri

Ya kamata a shirya rami da yakamata a ƙarƙashin shuka:

1. Sun tono rami mai girman cm 80x80x80 cm an dasa inabi da zurfi, tunda tushen sa mai ƙarfi zai iya tsayayya da -6 ... -7^{game da}C.
   

   Zurfin ramin rami don inabi ya zama 80 cm
2. Tabbatar tabbatar da yin humus (in babu shi - takin), kimanin buhu 4 a cikin ramin. Kwayoyin halitta suna da mahimmanci don haɓakar shuka da ci gaba.
   

   An gabatar da Humus a cikin ramin don itacen innabi

3. Suna yin takin potash da phosphorus - kimanin 200 g a rami.
   

   Baya ga takin gargajiya, idan aka dasa inabi kuma sukan yi amfani da ma'adinai

4. Duk wannan Mix da kyau.

Wannan tsari ne na shirye-shiryen rami mai tsohuwar da tsohuwar tsara take fifita azaman ingantacciyar hanyar da aka tabbatar.

Wani zabin don shirya ramin:

1. An haƙa rami na daidaitaccen ma'auni.
   

   Matsakaicin rami na dasa inabi ya zama daidai ga kowace hanya ta shirya shi

2. 10-15 cm an murƙushe dutse a ƙasa.
   

   Ana zuba wani yanki na murƙushe a ƙasan ramin

3. An saka bututun bakin ciki kusa da gefen, an tsara shi don ban ruwa a cikin yanayin bushe.
   

   An saka bututu na ban ruwa tare da gefen bangon innabin.

4. Ramin an cika shi da ƙasa daga baya kuma an haɗa shi da humus. Irin wannan cakuda yana buƙatar bulan 4.
   

   Saukowa rami rufe ƙasa gauraye da humus
5. An murƙushe ƙasa.
6. Ana rayar da rami sosai.
7. Bayan tunawa da danshi, an zuba ƙarin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bangon arewa na ramin don ya zama ƙaramin gangara. Zai yi aiki azaman allo idan akwai yiwuwar karyewar sanyi.

Itatuwan innabi a bazara

Lokacin da wurin ya shirya, zaku iya dasa itacen innabi a can:

1. Kafin dasa shuki, sai aka dasa tushen daskararren cikin ruwa tsawon awanni 24 domin su zama rayuwa.
2. A cikin seedling da aka shirya ta wannan hanyar, ana datsa Tushen ta kusan 1 cm.
3. Suna da seedling a cikin rami, a baya suna shayarwa, tare da tushen a gefen kudu, kuma buds a arewacin.
4. Yayyafa shi tare da ƙasa gauraye da humus, kusan zuwa tsakiyar akwati kuma ɗaure ƙasa a kusa da daji.
5. Shayar.
6. An zuba guga na yashi a cikin ramin a kusa da seedling kuma a saman shine bakin ciki na ash.
7. Ciyawa tare da wani yanki na ƙasa domin 10-15 cm kasance a saman ramin.
   

   Inabi yana da tushe daga gefen kudu, budsa budsan itace a arewacin

Lokacin dasawa, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa ɓangaren babba na gangar jikin seedling (kara) yana da ɗan ƙasa da matakin ramin, kuma nisan daga ɓoyayyen a jikinsa zuwa ƙasa bai wuce 2-3 cm ba. Lokacin da itacen inabin ya yi girma, zai yi sauƙi a tanƙwara su don tsari don hunturu. Wasu gungun giya sun shuka saboda kodan an binne a cikin ƙasa sau 2-3 cm.

Inabi suna da matukar son sako-sako, ƙasa da abinci mai ɗaci. Idan akwai barazanar sanyi, zaku iya rufe shuka tare da fim mai duhu har sai yanayin ya daidaita.

Hanyar kayan ciki

Hanyar ganga ta bambanta da abin da ke sama inda aka dasa ƙwayar innabi tare da dunƙule na ƙasa wanda yake girma. Lokacin da aka dasa shi, sai su sake shi daga kwasfa, wanda ke taka rawar iyawa. Don haka, ba a bayyanar da tushen a lokacin shuka, wanda ke taimaka wa tsirran ya ɗauki tushe cikin sauri a cikin sabon wuri.

Ana cire fim ɗin baƙar fata na ganga kai tsaye a cikin rami lokacin da sauka ta hanyar ganga

Dasa inabi a ƙarƙashin trellis

Inabi - inji mai hawa, tsintsiyarsa na iya yin girma da yawa, dangane da abin da ake yanka da fasali. Zai fi dacewa yin wannan lokacin da aka saka shi tare da "hanyoyi" na musamman - trellis.

Tapestries suna tallafawa vines da sauƙaƙe samuwar bushes

Idan akwai riga trellis, yana da shawarar zuwa karkatar da seedling kara a lokacin da dasa shuki a wani kwana na 45^{game da}saboda kurangar inabin sa ya yi girma ta hanyar tallafin, kuma ba daga shi ba. Idan an shirya shigar da shi lokacin da 'ya'yan inabi suka yi girma, to, babban abin shine a lura da tsarin dasa shuki na 3x3 m seedlings kuma sanya bushes a cikin jirgin sama na trellis na nan gaba. A wannan yanayin, daga baya zai zama dace don sanya tallafi ga tsawan bushes.

Wani zaɓi mai sauƙi don shirya wuri da dasa shuki seeding

Wadanda suka tsunduma cikin haihuwar inabba na dogon lokaci da nasara sun saba da karancin hanyar-cin lokaci na shirya ramin:

1. An yi rami na zurfin abin da ake buƙata tare da kayan aikin hannu.
2. Dutse wanda aka sare ko tubalin da aka fashe an ɗora shi a ƙasa.
3. An kwarara tuddai na ƙasa, wanda tushen tushen dutsen seedling yake, wanda aka rigaya an datse shi, kamar yadda aka nuna a sama.
4. Duniya tana hade da humus da yashi, amma ba za ku iya ba tare da shi ba.
5. Seedauki ya cika rabi.
6. Shiga ƙasa kewaye da shi.
7. Shayar da ruwa. Guga mai lita 10 ya isa.
8. Lokacin da ruwa ya fita, cika rami zuwa saman, ya rufe seedling zuwa buds. Zaku iya ruwa kuma.
   

   Inabi sapling an rufe shi da ƙasa zuwa rabi

Dogaro da yankin, zurfin ramin tare da wannan hanyar zai iya kasancewa daga 35 zuwa 55 cm. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, inda za'a iya samun dusar ƙanƙanra ko kadan a lokacin sanyi, amma iska mai ƙarfi, yana da kyau a dasa zurfin - 50-55 cm don gujewa daskarewa daga tushen. Inda akwai dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu, alal misali, a tsakiyar layin, ana iya dasa inabi zuwa zurfin 35-40 cm. Ruwan dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa a cikin hunturu zai hana dasa shuki na kudu.

Bidiyo: hanyoyin dasa bishiyar innabi a fili

Siffofin dasa shuki na inabi a yankuna daban-daban

A yankuna daban-daban da ake yin gonar inabi, yanayin da ake buƙata don dasa shuki yana faruwa akan lokaci. A cikin Crimea, wannan lokacin ya faɗi a ƙarshen Maris, zuwa Afrilu 20-25, duk aikin ya kamata a kammala. A cikin yankin Odessa na Ukraine, sun fara hulɗa da inabi a tsakiyar Afrilu. Amma wasu nau'in suna buƙatar wani zazzabi tabbatacce ba tare da barazanar sanyi ba, saboda haka ana shuka su daga 5 zuwa 9 ga Mayu.

A Belarus, za a iya fara dasa inabi a 10 ga Afrilu, amma bayan dasa shuki tsirrai ta rufe shi da fim, tunda a farkon watan Mayu dusar ƙanƙan har yanzu ana iya yiwuwa a can. Daga tsakiyar Afrilu, sun fara shiga cikin inabi a cikin kewayen, inda su ma suka rufe al'ada tare da fim har sai an kafa tsarin zazzabi mai cikakken kwanciyar hankali.

A mafi yawan yankuna na arewacin, har kwanan nan, namowar inabbai a cikin tsare-tsaren gida ba ya zama sananne musamman saboda yanayin dumin yanayi. Amma waɗanda suke so su yi girma a cikin bushes sun sami wata hanyar fita. A Chuvashia, alal misali, kafin dasa shuki gefen innabi a cikin wani wuri na dindindin, suna aiwatar da wani shiri na seedling a gida, ma'anar wanda shine tushen tushe ya bayyana a gaban buds. Saboda haka, Tushen ci gaba da sauri, ya zama da karfi kuma ana iya yiwuwa a lokacin dasa a watan Yuni.

A cikin canjin yanayin sanyi, ana girma inabi a cikin gidaje. Da ake bukata a yanzu wannan shine iska.

Ofaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka don irin wannan greenhouse: a gefe ɗaya an sanya allo wanda ke nuna zafi akan gadaje. Sauran gefen fim ne na fili, wanda a cikin dumin yanayi za'a iya birgima a birkice yayin da ya yi sanyi.

A cikin canjin yanayin sanyi, ana iya girma inabi a cikin greenhouse

Babu wasu matsaloli na musamman game da shirya wurin da dasa shuki gero a cikin bazara. Kamar kowane shuka da aka shuka, yana buƙatar kulawa da kulawa, wanda novice zai iya kulawa idan ana so.