Tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire

Agrotechnics na albasa albasa: dokokin dasa da kulawa

A cikin yanayi, albasa suna girma don shekaru biyu. A cikin shekarar farko sun shuka tsaba - chernushka. Onion sevok ya girma a cikin fall daga wadannan tsaba, kuma a cikin spring na gaba shekara an dasa a kan gadaje. Daga gare ta manyan kwararan fitila girma a kaka. Albasa suna da kayan lambu mai ban sha'awa a yawancin kasashen duniya. An girma tsawon lokaci kuma yana amfani da maganin gargajiya da kuma dafa abinci. Kuna iya girma cikin gonar da kuma a gida, a kan windowsill.

Bayani na albasa Sevka: Wannan al'ada shi ne karamin albasa ta kowace shekara tare da diamita na 1.5 - 2.5 cm.

Yana da muhimmanci! Albasa ya shirya shi ne dasa shuki, ba iri iri ba.

Kafin ka fara dasa, kana buƙatar zabi nau'in iri iri na albasa, dace da girma a cikin wani yanayi.

Popular iri: Sturon, Stuttgarter Riesen, Hakanan, Hercules, Red Baron.

Shin kuna sani? A yanayi, akwai kayan ado na albasa. Daya daga cikinsu shine Moli (Allium moly) albasa, wanda yana da furanni rawaya.

Zabi wuri don dasa shuki albasa Sevka

Don sanin yadda za a shuka wannan shuka, kana bukatar ka tuna da wasu dokoki masu sauki don kulawa da noma. Za mu fara da zabar shafin yanar gizon. Ya kamata gadaje su kasance cikin iska mai daɗa da iska. Sevok ba ya jure wa lalacewar wuce gona da iri, saboda haka gadaje ya kamata a cikin wuri inda ruwan sama ba zai damu ba. Ƙasa ya zama haske, sako-sako, mai kyau. A kan yumbu ƙasa albasa sevok ba zai iya girma. Irin ƙasa yana da sauƙi don ƙayyade, kawai tono sauko sau da yawa:

  • ƙasa yumbu - gurasar nauyi, sandunansu ga felu (kuna buƙatar yin biyu - buckets uku na peat ko yashi)
  • Sandy loam ko loam - duniya tana sauƙi a sauka da shebur (kasar gona ta dace da namo)
  • sandstone - kasar gona tana cikewa da lumps da lumps ba (gabatarwar humus ko takin ba zai sa kasar gona ta dace da shuka albasa, zai samar da ƙasa tare da abubuwan gina jiki kuma zai taimakawa wajen riƙe da danshi)
Ba'a so a shuka a cikin ƙasa, inda tafarnuwa ko barkono yake. Kwaffin al'adun gargajiya sune mafi kyawun magajin sevka: tumatir, zucchini, kabewa. Girma kusa da ƙofar kofa. Ba shi yiwuwa a shuka amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa inda aka yi amfani da taki. Sai kawai a cikin shekara wannan wurin zai kasance mai kyau ga saukowa. Kula da sevsk a filin bude shi dan kadan ne daban daga greenhouse.

Shiri na gadaje don albasa ya shirya

Shirya don dasa shuki a gaba, shirya gado a cikin fall. A ƙasa yana da kyau digged, weeds an cire da kuma fesa tare da bayani na jan karfe sulfate. Kafin ruwan sanyi na farko, gadon da aka shayar da shi sosai, kuma a cikin hunturu wajibi ne don cire snow daga gare ta. Anyi wannan ne don tabbatar da cewa kasar gona ta shafe da kyau, kuma a shekara mai zuwa za a kasa shuka ta hanyar cututtuka da kwari.

A lokacin bazara, an rarrabe ƙasa tare da rake ko dan kadan ya haƙa don kada ya rushe tsarin ƙasa kuma riƙe da danshi. Ana amfani da takin mai magani da kuma ma'adinai na ma'adinai - ba ma zurfi ba, don haka tushen da ke a cikin saman kasan duniya ya karbi kayan abinci. Kyakkyawan sakamako yana ba da ƙwaya.

Seed shiri (chernushki)

Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a duba tsaba don shuka germination. Wata guda kafin dasa shuki, kana buƙatar ɗaukar 'yan tsaba (15 - 20) kuma saka su cikin zane mai tsabta. A cikin 'yan makonni, zai yiwu a yi la'akari da cewa ana amfani da wadannan tsaba don shuka. Idan sprouts sun bayyana, to, za ka iya fara shuka. Nan gaba kana buƙatar shirya iri don hana cututtuka na fungal:

  1. Ana saran tsaba a zane da kuma nutsewa cikin ruwan zafi na mintina 15.
  2. Bayan haka, jabada cikin ruwan sanyi don 1 minti daya.
  3. Sa'an nan kuma an shuka tsaba a tsawon sa'o'i 24 a cikin ruwan dumi.
  4. Tsaya kwanakin 1-2 da aka nannade cikin zane mai tsabta a zafin jiki na dakin.
Ana shirya tsaba a wata hanya: Ana kawo oxygen zuwa akwati da ruwa a karkashin matsin da aka saukar da tsaba a can domin awa 20. Bayan haka an bushe su. Seed Seed shirye don dasa.

Seed kwanakin

Lokacin shuka ya dogara da yanayin. Za ka iya shuka chernushka a watan Fabrairu dumi kwanaki. Amma mafi yawa yawan shuka tsaba ana gudanar da su a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da ƙasa ta warke kuma zaka iya kunna shi.

Yadda za a shuka albasa tsaba: dasa hanyoyin

Don sanin yadda sauƙi ne don bunkasa albasa, kana buƙatar tunawa da wasu abubuwa masu sauki. Noma ya kasu kashi biyu: dasa shuki tsaba, wanda ake kira "chernushka", da kuma dasa bishiyar albasa, wanda aka samo daga tsaba, a cikin bazara. Shuka da tsaba ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar hanyar tebur. Gidan zai zama kimanin mita ɗaya kuma yana da ƙasa mai laushi. Rashin zurfin tsagi ya zama 1.5-2 cm cikin zurfin, kuma nisa tsakanin tsaba ya zama 1-1.5 cm.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan an shuka tsaba sosai, to, za'a yi babban albasa. Idan sau da yawa - nevyzrevshy kananan sevok. An ajiye shi da talauci kuma yana tsiro da wuri.

A gado tare da sown tsaba an rufe shi da karamin Layer na peat kuma a hankali zuba. Sa'an nan kuma mu rufe tare da fim don ƙirƙirar ruwan sha mai kyau da kuma sararin samaniya don shuka iri. Lokacin da tsaba ke tsiro, cire fim. Wajibi ne don kulawa da ilimin agrotechnology. Yaya da zurfin shuka tsaba, albasa za ta kasance girman wannan: idan zurfin 2-3 cm ne, seedlings zasu fi kyau. Idan kun shuka ƙananan - sprouts ba su da wata mahimmanci, sun shuka albarkatun gona, suna tsiro babban albasa sevke. Idan ka shuka mai zurfi - tsaba ba sa shuka da kyau, kwararan fitila ne ƙananan ko bazai samuwa ba.

Kayan albarkatu masu wanzuwa suna kwance ta tsaba: cucumbers, beets, zucchini, tumatir, wake, Peas, pumpkins, watermelons, melons, masara da sunflower.

Kula da namo da albasa Sevka

Wannan al'ada ba yana bukatar mai yawa hankali a cikin namo da kulawa. Tsarin zai kasance mai kyau idan kun bi dokoki kaɗan.

Watering ƙasa

Tsarin tsire-tsire na bazara ba sau biyu a mako ba, kawai a watan Mayu da Yuni, idan babu ruwan sama. A rabi na biyu na girma girma bai kamata a shayar da shi ba, saboda kwararan fitila ya fara.

Weeding da loosening tsakanin layuka

Ɗaya daga cikin sharuɗɗa masu muhimmanci shi ne cire ƙwayoyin weeds kuma kada ka bari ƙurar ƙasa ta fara aiki. Idan ba ku cire weeds ba, girma na albasa albasa suna raguwa. Gurasar ƙasa ba ta yarda da harbe su yi girma da kyau kuma ta rage ingancin amfanin gona. Chernushka tsaba za a iya gauraye da radish ko letas tsaba. Yana taimaka wajen gano inda albasa albasa suke, kamar yadda letas da radish sprout sauri. Lokacin da albasa ta taso, ana iya cire tsire-tsire na tsirrai. Na farko thinning ne da za'ayi a lokacin da wasu daga cikin wadannan zanen gado bayyana a shoot. Sanya tsakanin su ya zama 1.5 - 2 cm Idan ba a yi wannan ba, ganye ba su da lokaci don samar da su a yawan yawa, kuma kwararan fitila ne ƙananan.

Shin kuna sani? Mutanen da suke aiki a cikin greenhouses da kuma girma albasa da albasarta an ce su fama da ƙasa daga cututtuka na cututtuka ko da a lokacin annoba.

Amfani

An yi amfani da al'adu sau biyu a lokacin tsawon maturation. Idan kasar gona ba ta da talauci a cikin abubuwan gina jiki, to, toka takarda a karo na uku. A karo na farko yin gyare-gyare, idan akwai koren ganye. Fertilized tare da superphosphate, urea da potassium chloride. Bayan makonni biyu, an yi gyaran gyare-gyare na biyu don girbi. a karo na uku ana aiwatar da kayan aiki na foliar ciyar da albarkatun gona tare da takin mai magani na potash, wanda zai taimaka wajen inganta mafi kyau.

Takin magunguna suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a kulawa da noma da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da amfanin gona na gaba, wato ma'adinai, potash, nitroammophoska, peat, potash gishiri, itace ash da potassium humate.

Tsarin kariya akan kwari da cututtuka

Cututtuka da kwari suna kawo mummunan lalacewar amfanin gona.

Jagoran cututtuka zai iya shafar irin wannan cututtuka:

  • downy mildew;
  • chalcosporosis;
  • anthracnose;
  • wuyan wuyansa;
  • mosaic baka.

Kwayoyin kwari masu tsari suna da yawa. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

  • albasa ya tashi;
  • albasa thrips;
  • kwatsam;
  • tawadar;
  • albasa ta wanke;
  • tushe nematode.
Don hana cututtuka da kwari, wajibi ne don tsabtace yankin daga weeds, shuke-shuke da ke mutuwa, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu banƙyama, ganye. All sharar gida a shafin don ƙona ko binne cikin rami. Yawancin wuraren da aka samo asali ne a cikin greenhouses kuma a karkashin fim din. Saboda haka, kowace shekara dole ne a gurɓata ƙasa.

Girbi da adanar albasa

Girbi ya kamata a watan Agusta. Amma idan a lokacin rani ana sau da yawa ruwan sama, ana iya girbi al'ada a baya, a karshen Yuli. Tun da yawancin laima yana taimakawa wajen sake shukawa, kuma irin wannan baka za a adana shi. Duk da haka bukatar kula da launi na ganye. Idan sun fara juya rawaya, kuma kwararan fitila sun kai girman da ake so, zaka iya fara tattarawa.

Yadda za a adana albasa? Kuna buƙatar zaɓar ɗakin duhu, bushe da sanyi, don haka kayan lambu ba su tsiro kafin lokaci. Domin albasa ya shirya don kiyayewa, kana buƙatar tuna wasu dokoki:

  1. Al'amarin tayi yana ana jera kuma an bar shi ne kawai mai wuya, santsi, m albasa.
  2. Kada ka bari abu mai banza ya canza cikin akwati da baka.
  3. Tushen dole ne ya bushe.
  4. Dole ne a bushe da shuka sosai. Dangane da wannan lokacin za a adana saitin. Zaka iya saƙa takalma da bushe a kan kuka. Wani zaɓi na bushewa shine sanya saitin a cikin tarin nailan kuma barin wuri mai dumi.
Don kwalaye mai amfani, jaka, kwalaye, wanda sauƙin samun iska. A lokacin al'adun hunturu ya buƙaci a bincika. Idan kayi karya ko kwararan fitila, ana buƙatar cire su. Sevok tare da rigar husk za a iya dried. Da farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da iska zazzabi zai fi +10 ° C, za ka iya fara dasa.