Gladiolus ɗan asalin tsiro ne zuwa ga dazuzzukan daji na Afirka da Rum. Wannan wakilin dangin Iris ya shahara sosai a tsakanin lambu saboda furanni masu ban mamaki. Wani sunan don gladiolus shine Fennel.
Furen yana da dangi mai kyau, ƙanshi - acidanthera, sanannen da ake kira m gladiolus, amma ya kasance daga dangin Kasatikov. Ana amfani dashi a cikin kiwo tare da gladuolus don samun sababbin nau'ikan da ƙanshin m.
Bayanin gladiolus
Gladiolus perenni ne. Amintaccen tsarin jikinsa yana kunshe da abubuwa masu dimbin yawa kuma ana sabunta shi duk shekara. Zai iya zama fari, baƙi, burgundy ko ja. Gashi mai tushe yana da tsawo, madaidaiciya, ba mai zane ba kuma yana da siffar kibiya. Sun kai tsawo na kusan 50 zuwa 50 cm. Ganyayyaki mai tsayi suna bakin ciki, suna nunawa zuwa ƙarshen, girma daga 40-90 cm. launinsu ya bambanta daga launin toka zuwa kore mai zurfi, ya danganta da nau'in halitta da iri-iri. Suna kiyaye ƙarfin harbewar ta hanyar haɗawa a gindi. Ana samun inflorescences duka biyu ba tare da wata matsala ba ko biyun, kuma karkace.
Siffar tana kama da kunnuwa har zuwa cm 80 a girman .. Furann suna da rago shida na launuka daban-daban da aka rufe da juna, waɗanda suka banbanta da sifa da inuwa. 'Ya'yan itace kwali ne wanda ya kunshi ganye uku, tare da kananan tsaba, baki ko launin ruwan kasa.
Iri da nau'ikan gladioli tare da hotuna da sunaye
Zaɓin zaɓi na skewer yana da haɓaka, wanda shine dalilin da yasa genus Gladiolus ya haɗa da nau'ikan 280 har ma da ƙari iri.
| Dubawa | Bayanin | Iri daban-daban | Furanni Itaciyar fure |
| Manyan furanni | Itataccen mai kauri 90-150 cm tsayi, bar siyayya mai zurfi, koren duhu, suna da sheki mai sheki. |
| 5-20 cm a diamita, triangular, tare da variegated petals har zuwa 28 a daya inflorescence. Akwai shunayya mai ruwan hoda, mai ruwan hoda, ja, rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da farin fari ko launin toka. Girman babba na kusan 90 cm kuma madaidaiciyar sifa mai fasali. |
| Maƙiraƙi mai siffa | 50-100 cm, mai ƙarfi-matsakaici-kore mai launin toka mai tushe, wani lokacin dan kadan ya ɓoye a ƙarƙashin nauyin inflorescences. Manyan ganyen xiphoid suna da elongated zuwa ƙarshen, launin shuɗi-tare da farin tint. |
| Babban sessile tare da launi mai zafi: rawaya, ruwan hoda, shunayya, burgundy, m-fari tare da ɗan ƙaramin orange. Petals ne wavy, mai lankwasa, yadin da aka saka. Pharynx mai sauƙi ne. A kusa da 15-20. M, mai kauri a gindi. |
| Primrose | 70-120 cm tsayi, karami mai tsari tare da kararrakin nonuwa mara tushe. Ganyen suna bakin ciki, kunkuntar, koren haske a launi, an rufe shi da kakin kayan lambu. |
| Mafi sau da yawa, m ja, fari, ruwan hoda ko shunayya. Akwai kuma rawaya mai haske (Leonora). 4-8 cm, triangular ko zagaye, petals suna da bakin ciki, suna da gefuna kaɗan, kuma babba suna daɗaɗɗen fuska suna kama da hular kwano. Akwai launuka 18-23. |
| Dwarf | Speciesananan ƙananan nau'ikan (50-80 cm) tare da manyan duhu ganye mai duhu. Abinda ya kasance mai yawa ne, dan kadan ne, m. |
| M, da sifofi iri daban-daban, tare da furannin furanni. Orange, shunayya, ja, rawaya, ruwan hoda mai haske da fararen shela da ake kira pharynx. Karamin, an shirya shi kuma. |
Lokacin da za a dasa gladiolus kwararan fitila a cikin bazara, dangane da yankin
An dasa gladiolus a cikin tsakiyar-tsakiyar bazara. Ya danganta da yankin, kwanakin sauka.
| Yankin | Lokaci |
| Tsakiyar Rasha (Moscow, yankin Moscow). | Yana da kyau a dasa shi tare da isowar yanayin dumi don ware yiwuwar cutar da kuma tsananin sanyi na corms, wato 25 ga Afrilu-10 ga Mayu. Koyaya, wannan na iya zama kwanan wata daga baya, gwargwadon yanayin duniya, zazzabi ya kamata + 9 ... +12 ° C. |
| Tsakiyar layi, ciki har da yankin Leningrad. | Yanayin yayi sanyi, yiwuwar yanayin sanyi mai sannu-sannu ko yanayin hazo, wanda hakan yasa an canza lokacin saukowa: Mayu 10-Yuli 1. Bai dace da sauri ba, yana da mahimmanci cewa corms suka ɗauki tushe, kuma ƙasa tana da lokaci don dumama. Idan sanyi ya faru, zai iya kiyaye hayaki don kariya. |
| Yankin Siberiya da Urals. | Yanayin ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, lokacin da babu yawan zubar zafin zazzabi ne kawai kwanaki 90-120, wanda ke kawo cikas ga saukar fili. Kwanan wata sun bambanta daga Mayu 28 zuwa 1 ga Yuli. Don kariya daga yanayin sanyi, agrofibre ko fim na musamman ya kamata a sa a kan gadaje na fure. Tsirrai a wannan yankin da wuya su rayu har zuwa shekara mai zuwa. |
| Layin Kudu | Namowar gladioli bashi da wahala musamman, tunda wannan yanki shine wanda yafi dacewa da yanayin yanayin zafi. Lokacin Disembarkation: Maris 20-Afrilu 15. Bai kamata a jira lokacin da za a fara zafi ba, corm may not tushe kuma ya mutu. |
Shiri na kwararan fitila gladiolus don dasa
Ya kamata a gudanar da shiri makonni 2-3 kafin a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa.
Da farko, daga corms ya zama dole a hankali ka cire wuce haddi, a hankali ka bincika farfajiyar domin kar a samu ci gaba mai narkewa ko cutarwa.
Idan wani ya bayyana, ana buƙatar yanke su, kuma wuraren share ya kamata a share shi da koren giya mai rauni ko kuma an rufe shi da baƙin gawayi, kirfa. Hakanan bincika lalacewa ko rauni na ƙwayar cuta wanda ya kamata a shafa shi da maganin aidin mai rauni ko kore mai haske.
Ofarshen kwararan fitila, wato, yankin da tushen ke tsiro, yana buƙatar auna shi. Mafi kyawun dasa shi ana ɗauka ya zama santimita 2-4. coran corms matasa suna da sauri suna yin tushe kuma suna da tsayayya wa mura ko cututtuka. Tsofaffin, ,arshe wanda ya fi 4 cm, ana yawan amfani da shi don girma sprouts don haifuwa (yara), da kuma sabunta kayan don dasa.
Bayan ingantaccen bincike da zaɓi na corms, an sanya su a wuri mai haske, suna sanya raw sawdust tare da ƙari na vermiculite a ƙasa. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da akwati na yau da kullun, yana bushewa ƙasa a kai a kai. Cire yiwuwar zayyanawa da tsauraran zafin jiki. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, utsanyen sun bayyana bayan makonni 1-2.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa kwararan fitila na kyawawan nau'ikan kyawawan nau'ikan za'a iya kasu kashi biyu, don yawan amfanin ƙasa. Dole ne a yi wannan ta yadda kowane rabin theasan da sproan itacen ya kiyaye. Hakanan makulli ya kamata a rufe shi da gawayi ko zuma.
Sa'a 1 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai budewa, ya kamata a sanya corms a cikin maganin dindindin na potassium tare da daidaito na 0.5%. Don haka ba da damar kwararan fitila su bushe kuma shuka a shafin.
Dasa gladioli da m kulawa
Ya kamata a sanya gadaje na fure a kan rana, gefen lit da, a kan karamin tudu. Dole ne a canza wurin da furanni kowace shekara don hana kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar cututtukan fata, cututtuka ko lalatawar matsakaici na abinci. Haka ma, wanda ba a ke so shuka gladioli bayan masara da cucumbers, waxanda suke da causative jamiái na fusarium. Yankin da ya fi dacewa ya kasance bayan dankali, beets. Toka, yashi, peat, kwayoyin halitta da takin mai ma'adinai dole ne a kara su.
Yana da daraja la'akari da acidity na ƙasa: dole ne ya kasance tsaka tsaki.
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEvepob6qqs
Kuna buƙatar fara shirya shafin daga ƙarshen kaka: sassauta kuma tono ƙasa zuwa zurfin 40 cm, sako daga ciyawa, tushen ajiya. Saboda haka, kasar zata kasance sako-sako kuma zata wuce oxygen. Ana saukowa ƙasa a matakai da yawa:
- A cikin yankin da aka zaɓa, tono ramuka na 10-15 cm.
- An kara Nitrophos a cikin daidaito na 80 g. a 1 sq. m
- Sarari tsakanin corms yana barin kusan 10-15 cm, ba cewa tsire-tsire masu girma suna buƙatar ɗaure shi ba.
- Kwakwalwa na ƙasa da ƙasa ba ta wuce cm 13-14 ba. Idan an sanya shi mai zurfi, skewer zai ba da yawancin inflorescences, mafi girma - adadi mai yawa na yara zasu bayyana.
Akwai wata hanyar zuwa ƙasa: mai kauri. Yana ba ku damar kauce wa tying gladioli, gadaje na fure suna lush da haske. Ta wannan hanyar, an rage tazara tsakanin corms zuwa 5-8 cm.
Isasa tana yaduwa tare da allura, sawdust na itace da phosphorus, kayan miya ko potassium a miya.
Lokacin da skewers suka sami tushe kuma suka saba da sababbin yanayi, dole ne a kula dasu da kyau. Ya kamata a aiwatar da ruwa aƙalla sama da 1 a cikin mako ɗaya, a tabbata cewa ruwan ba ya tsayayye, in ba haka ba za a fara jujjuyawa, sannan kuma a guji ɗigaɗɗar ruwa a kan furanni. Sokine kasar gona a kai a kai kuma cire ciyawa. Garter, idan an buƙata, ya kamata a aiwatar dashi kafin farfajiyar tayi girma. Zaka iya amfani da katako na katako.
Manyan miya
A tsawon tsawon girma gladiolus gudanar da kawai 5 saman miya. Sun haɗa da ma'adinai daban-daban, abubuwa na halitta da sunadarai.
| Tsarin aikace-aikace | Taki |
| Na farko | Yi amfani da kwayoyin, wato humus. A lokacin ruwa sama sosai da kuma lokacin shayarwa, yana bayar da himma sosai ga abubuwan gina jiki. |
| Kafin fure | Lokacin da akalla ganye 3 masu lafiya suka bayyana, kuna buƙatar yin takin nitrogen. Nettle jiko ma yana da kyau. Tare da ƙarin ci gaba, zaku iya ciyar da cakuda duniya don tsirrai na lambu. Ya kamata kuma fesa da harbe tare da bayani dauke da boric acid a cikin rabo na 2 g da 10 l na ruwa mai gudana. |
| Gudun ruwa | Tare da zuwan inflorescences, ƙara yawan takin mai ma'adinai: potash da phosphorus. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da ash, yashi da Pine needles don haɓaka abincin ƙasa. |
| Bayan fure | Shirya mafita na 15 g na superphosphate, 30 g na sulfate da 10 l na ruwa. Suna shayar da gladiolus har zuwa ƙarshen bazara. |
| Karshe | Mix 5 g na potassium permanganate tare da 10 l na ruwa. Ciyar da irin wannan bayani a farkon kaka, kafin farkon sanyi. |
Yaushe don haƙa fitar da gladioli
Gladiolus yana buƙatar haƙa shi kafin lokacin sanyi na farko. Wannan yakan faru ne a tsakiyar kaka, amma kowane yanki yana da tsarin lokacinsa.
| Yankin | Lokaci |
| Tsakiyar Rasha (Moscow, yankin Moscow). | Ana iya samar da Satumba 15-Oktoba 10, kuma daga baya, idan an kiyaye yanayin yanayin kwanciyar hankali ko an ci gaba da fure. Babu buƙatar tayar da furen har sai yawan zafin jiki ya sauka ƙasa +8 ° C. |
| Tsakiyar layi, ciki har da yankin Leningrad. | Yanayin anan shine yafi wanda ba a iya hango shi ba, saboda haka an jera ranakun zuwa Satumba 1-20. |
| Yankin Siberiya da Urals. | Ya kamata a haɗu da Gladioli a ƙarshen Satumba, a ranar 10-15 ga watan. |
| Layin Kudu | Tun da yawan zafin jiki a nan ya sauka a hankali kuma yana ci gaba da dumama lokacin bazara, ana ɗaukar tsutsotsi daga ƙasa a ranar 20 ga Oktoba-5 ga Nuwamba. Koyaya, baku buƙatar jinkirta lokacin ba, in ba haka ba lalata zai fara kuma shuka zai mutu. |
Yadda zaka adana gladioli
Bayan an tono corms an sanya shi a cikin dakin mai zafi, a zazzabi a dakin + 22 ... +25 ° C. Dole ne a juya su yau da kullun don hana lalacewa. Kwararan fitila ya kamata a bushe ba fãce 3 makonni, a lokacin wannan lokacin da Sikeli bushe fita da kuma samun wani sheen m. Bayan wannan lokacin, ana motsa tubers zuwa wuri mai sanyaya. A cikin wani gida yana iya zama sarari a ƙasa kusa da ƙofar baranda, kuma a cikin ɗakin gida - ɗakin cellar ko cellar.
Adana mafi kyau a cikin kwali ko kwantena na filastik tare da buɗewa don iska. Za'a iya sanya tsutsotsi a cikin yadudduka da yawa, sanya su tare da jaridu ko takaddun takarda. Mafi kyawun zazzabi zai kasance + 3 ... + 10 ° С, zafi iska aƙalla 70%. Yana da Dole a bincika kwararan fitila a kai a kai kuma a rabu da marasa lafiya ko bushewa.
Yana da kyau a tuna cewa a ƙarshen hunturu, gladioli yana farawa don lokacin girma, wanda dole ne a sami saurin shi. Don yin wannan, zaku iya sanya ganyen Mint, apples kore a cikin akwati.
Sake bugun gladioli
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na kiwo skewer, wanda yafi shahara a cikinsu shine ciyayi:
- Ta amfani da wuka da aka gurɓata, raba maɗaurin yarinyar kuma yayyafa wurin da aka yanka da gawayi na crumbs ko kirfa.
- Dry kananan corms kuma dasa su a cikin ƙasa a cikin farkon Mayu.
- Tona toka mai zurfin kusan 5 cm kuma sanya yara a ciki.
- Yayyafa ƙasa tare da peat da ash, ruwa mai yalwa.
- Rufe yankin da keɓaɓɓen filastik a saman.
- Bayan wata 1, lokacin da mai tushe ya girma zuwa fim, dole ne a cire shi.
Wata hanyar ita ce rarraba kwararan fitila.
- Zabi madaidaiciya mai dacewa tare da babban tushe da karamin adadin tarin fitsari.
- Yanke a tsaye tare da wuka mai gurbatawa zuwa sassa 2 daidai.
- Bushe da lobes ta ajiye su na sa'o'i da yawa a cikin wurin da yake da wuta.
- Bi da yankan tare da gawayi ko sinadarin daskararren potassium.
- Shuka abin da aka samar da shi a cikin ƙasa.
Hanyar zuriyar ba ta shahara sosai, amma mai ban sha'awa. Zai yuwu ne kawai a cikin yanayi mai gamsarwa.
- Don farawa, ya kamata ku shirya kayan aiki wanda ya ƙunshi yashi da ganyen humus, kuna iya ƙara peat da allura (daidai gwargwado daidai).
- Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a sanya tsaba a cikin 0.01% bayani na sodium humate ko heteroauxin.
- Shuka tsaba a cikin akwati tare da ramuka magudanar a ƙarshen Fabrairu.
- Tare da farawa da yanayin dumama, ana sanya tukwane cikin yanayi na yanayi tare da tsaftataccen yanayin zafin jiki da hasken haske har sai ya farfado.
Hanyar magance cututtuka da kwari na gladioli
| Cutar | Bayyanar ganye a cikin ganyayyaki da sauran alamu | Hanyar gyarawa |
| Cutar Fusarium | Juya launin rawaya, an rufe shi da abin farin ciki mai laushi. | Idan cutar ta faru a lokacin girma, itaciyar ba ta da tabbas, don haka ya kamata a cire ta tare da ƙasa a kewayen. Don ware abin da ya faru, kula da kwararan fitila kafin dasa shuki tare da mafitar manganese. |
| Sclerotinia | Wither, bushe a gindi, matsanancin itace. | Tona sama da abin da ke cikin farin ciki nan da nan don hana yaduwa. Idan cutar ta riga ta fara, yi wa fure tare da maganin maganin kashe kuzari: Ordan, Hom, Previkur. |
| Scab | Alamar baƙi akan corms da duk sassan ɓangaren skewer. | Acidara yawan acidity na ƙasa kuma cire fure mai kamuwa. |
| Kwayar cuta ta kamuwa da cuta. | Ana iya rufe ɓoyayyen layin launin ruwan kasa. Dufan ɗigon baki suna ba da izini a waje. | Ba shi yiwuwa a warke gaba daya. Ya kamata ku rabu da ƙwayar da ke kamuwa da ita don kada ku yada kamuwa da cuta. |
| Garkuwa. | Abubuwan fashewa suna mutu a kashe. Sanya. | Yi amfani da Permethrin, Bi 58, Phosphamide, Methyl mercaptophos ko maganin sabulu. |
| Aphids. | Green kananan kwari a farfajiya, tushe. Philodendron ya mutu. | Tincture daga ruwan lemun tsami, Intavir, Actofit. |
| Spider mite. | Wani farin gizo gizo mai kauri lokacin farin ciki ya rufe guda da ganye. | Ruwa a kai a kai, amfani da Neoron, Omayt, Fitoverm bisa ga umarnin. |
| Thrips. | Abun farin farin ya bayyana. A shuka girma wilted. | Yi amfani da Fitoverm, aiwatar tare da Actara, Mospilan, Actellik ko Calypso. |
