Albasa-kayan sawa ne mai kayan lambu mai tsiro wanda yakan yi kama da dabbobin albasa. Irin wannan albasarta iri-iri na ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan abin da aka fi so kuma ana cikin buƙata tsakanin lambu. Al'adarmu ta zama sananne ba da daɗewa ba, amma duk da haka ana horar da duka ta hanyar shuka da shuka shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa.
Dasa tsaba don shuka
Don girma albasa-seedling seedling Hanyar da aka koma cikin idan a lokacin da ake bukata don samun farkon ganye, kuma gaza yi hunturu saukowa.
Tsaba da albasa-bayan shigowa suna kama da kayan talakawa
Tsarin ƙasa da tankuna
Don yayi girma ingancin albasa-seedling seedlings, kana bukatar ka shirya kasar gona cakuda daidai. A mafi yawancin halayen, masu shuka tsiron suna shirya abubuwan da ke gaba:
- cakuda humus da ƙasa sod a daidai sassa (rabin guga);
- 200 g na itace ash;
- 80 grams nitroammofoski.
All aka gyara hade sosai.
Kafin amfani, ana bada shawarar ƙasa don ƙin ƙasa, wanda ƙasa ke zubar da daskarar 2% na potassium mai narkewa.
Baya ga cakuda ƙasa, kuna buƙatar kulawa da shiri na tanki mai sauka. Sabili da haka, ana iya amfani da 'ya'yan itace 15 of 15 cm tare da ramuka a cikin ƙasa. Hakanan, don magudanar ruwa zuwa ƙasan, zub da murfin pebbles 1 cm lokacin farin ciki.
Abubuwan iyawa don dasa shuki albasa seedlings ya kamata ya zama kusan 15 cm tsayi tare da ramuka a cikin ƙasa da wani yanki na magudanar ruwa
Tsarin iri
Ko da wane irin al'ada kuka shirya don girma, shirye-shiryen iri abu bai kamata a watsi da su ba. An ba da shawarar zuwa jiƙa da albasa-sake kafin dasa a cikin talakawa ruwa ko a cikin wani bayani da takin mai magani a cikin kudi of 1 kwamfutar hannu 1 lita na ruwa.
Yakamata a sarrafa tsari saboda ya sa zuriyar ta ba da tsayi mai tsayi, wanda zai sa dasa shuki ya dau lokaci.
A matsayin mafita don soya, Hakanan zaka iya amfani da daskararren potassium mai dumama. Ana sanya tsaba a ciki na mintina 20, bayan haka suna narkewa a cikin ruwan dumi na yau da kullun na tsawon awanni 24, yayin da ake buƙatar canza ruwa sau da yawa. Bayan hanya, an yanke tsaba kuma sun fara shuka. Irin wannan shirye-shiryen yana ba da damar yin haɓaka a baya, yawanci tsawon mako guda.
Lokacin shirya tsaba, suna soyayye a cikin ruwan talakawa ko kuma maganin potassium permanganate
Zamanin shuka
Don ingantaccen tsarin albasa, yana da muhimmanci a san lokacin da za a shuka. Seedlings suna sown a karo na biyu rabin Afrilu. Idan yankinku yana da yanayin yanayi, saukowa ƙasa za'a iya yi kadan. Dasa seedlings a kan shafin ana aiwatar da su a cikin ashirin na Yuni, kuma a watan Satumba suna girbi, kuma tare da kwararan fitila (tare da namo shekara).
Shuka tsaba don shuka
Bayan shirya ƙasa, kwantena da tsaba, lokaci yayi da za a fara shuka. Sanya shi kamar haka:
- Capacityarfin ƙasa yana cike da ƙasa, an sanya tsagi tare da zurfin 1.5-3 cm a nesa na 5-6 cm daga juna.
Don shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa, an sanya tsagi zuwa zurfin 1.5-3 cm tare da nesa daga juna na 5-6 cm
- Shuka da tsaba.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin shirye tsabtace
- Yayyafa zuriyarta tare da wani yanki mai kwance a ƙasa (1.5 cm), bayan wannan an yiwa ƙasa taɗaɗɗa da ɗanɗano dan kadan.
Yayyafa tsaba bayan shuka tare da Layer na duniya
- Ruwan kogin 2 cm na kogin yashi an zuba a saman kuma ya jika shi da bindiga mai fesawa, wanda ke kawar da lalacewa na dukkan yadudduka da kuma korar tsaba.
- An rufe ciyayi da gilashi ko polyethylene kuma an canza shi zuwa ɗakin da za a kula da yawan zafin jiki + 18-21 ° C.
Bayan dasa, an rufe akwati da fim ko gilashi.
Bidiyo: shuka shuka albasa na shuka
Kulawar seedling
Lokacin da harbe suka bayyana, ya kamata a cire fim ɗin, kuma akwatin saukowa akan saka windowsill a gefen kudu. Koyaya, ɗakin kada ya yi zafi sosai: ya fi kyau idan zazzabi ya kasance tsakanin + 10-11 10С. Bayan kwana ɗaya, yana da kyawawa don kula da tsarin zafin jiki mai zuwa: + 14-16 ° C yayin rana da + 11-13 ° C da dare. Idan ba zai yuwu yin tsayayya da yawan zafin jiki da aka ƙayyade ba, to da dare zai isa ya buɗe windows da ƙofofin, amma a lokaci guda don kar a sami maɗaurin.
Don samun ƙwayoyi masu ƙarfi, tsire-tsire da farko suna buƙatar samar da ƙarin haske, tunda albasa-mai buƙatar sa'o'in hasken rana na sa'o'i 14. A matsayin tushen samar da wutan lantarki, zaku iya amfani da fitila, LED ko phytolamps. Fixedarancin wutar lantarki da ke saman tsire-tsire an tsayar dashi a tsayi na cm 25 A cikin kwanakin 3 na farko bayan an kunna fitilar, bai kamata a kashe shi ba, wanda ya zama dole ga tsirrai su zama irin wannan hasken. Sannan a kunna tushen da kashe ta wannan hanyar don samar da tsayin hasken rana da ake so.
Bayan fitowar seedlings, albasa tana buƙatar isasshen hasken wuta, shayarwa da ciyarwa
Babban mahimmanci a cikin kula da ƙwayar cuta shine shayarwa. Dage cikin dasa sau da yawa, amma a cikin matsakaici. Bai kamata ƙasa ta bushe ba, amma bai kamata a kyale zafi sosai ba. Mako guda bayan shuka, an yi kayan miya. Ana amfani da superphosphate da potassium sulfate, 2.5 a lita 10 na ruwa, ana amfani da su azaman abubuwan abinci. Da zaran farkon ganye na gaske ya bayyana, ana yin daskararren tsire-tsire, yana barin jerawa na 3 cm tsakanin seedlings 10. Kwanaki 10 kafin dasa shuki a buɗe ƙasa, ana tsabtace tsire-tsire. Don yin wannan, zaku iya buɗe taga da ƙofar, sannu-sannu ƙara yawan iska. Bayan kwanaki 3, ana fitar da dasa shukar a cikin iska, da farko na kwana ɗaya, sannan kuma zaku iya barin ta na dare.
Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
A lokacin shuka, tsire-tsire ya kamata suna da ingantaccen tushen asali, ganye na ainihi 3-4 da kara tare da diamita na 3-4 cm a gindin .. Yawan dasa a wannan lokacin yawanci watanni 2 ne. Hanyar dasa shuki seedlings baya gabatar da matsaloli. Tana girgiza ƙasa cewa a cikin zaɓaɓɓen yanki, an haƙa ramuka zuwa zurfin 11-13 cm a nesa na 8 cm daga juna kuma tsakanin layuka na 20 cm, bayan an dasa su.
Albasa seedling seedlings ana shuka su ne a cikin ƙasa a shekara yana da watanni biyu
An bada shawara don ƙara ɗan Zhumen na itace na itace a cikin rami, busar da ƙasa kuma sanya ƙwayar a tsaye, haɗa ƙasa. Ya rage zuwa ruwa da zuba wani yanki na ciyawa 1 cm ta amfani da humus ko bambaro.
Ciyawa yana riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma yana hana hawan ciyawa.
Dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa
Don shuka tsaba a shafin zai buƙaci shiri na gadaje da kayan iri.
Preparationasa shiri
Albasa-tushen fi son ƙasa mai dausayi tare da ɗan acidic ko tsaka tsaki dauki. A bu mai kyau ka zabi loam mai haske ko kasa mai yashi. Yankin yumbu da wuraren ruwan acid, da waɗanda ke cikin ƙananan ƙasashe kuma ambaliyar ruwa, basu dace da noma ba. A kan kasa mai yashi, zaku iya girma albasa, amma a lokaci guda an kafa ɗakuna masu yawa, wanda ke damun yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Zai fi dacewa a shuka amfanin gona bayan dankali, kabeji, zucchini, kabewa, kuma bayan taki kore. Babban abu shi ne cewa ba za a yi amfani da takin gargajiya a ƙarƙashin abubuwan ƙayyade ba, daga abin da ciyawa zasu iya girma. Kada ku dasa albasa-bayan bayan tafarnuwa, cucumbers, karas, da kuma bayan albasa, saboda wannan zai taimaka ga ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa. Tun da nau'in albasa a cikin tambaya yana nufin tsararren tsire-tsire kuma yana iya girma a wuri guda don shekaru 4, ya kamata a shirya gadon gonar sosai don dasa shi.
Theasa don dasa albasa an haɗo shi da abubuwa na Organic da abubuwan ma'adinai
A kan rukunin ƙasa tare da ƙasa mai acidic, rabin shekara kafin shuka, an gabatar da ash na 0.5 kilogiram na 1 m². Orasa mai kyau tayi takin sati 2 kafin dasa shuki tare da abubuwa masu zuwa:
- humus - 3-5 kilogiram;
- superphosphate - 30-40 g;
- nitonium nitrate - 25-30 g;
- potassium chloride - 15-20 g.
Amma ga shiri na tsaba, suna yin shi kamar yadda lokacin shuka shuka. Yana da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da cewa soyayyen tsaba suna buƙatar a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, in ba haka ba zasu mutu a ƙasan ƙasa.
Zamanin shuka
Shuka albarkatu a cikin ƙasa wanda ba shi da kariya yana farawa a farkon bazara kuma ya ƙare a farkon bazara.
Dasa kuma kula da garin albasa-, ba tare da yin la’akari da lokacin aikin ba, kusan babu bambance-bambance.
Tun da nau'in albasa da ake tambaya ya dace da namo yanayi a cikin yanayin yanayi na Rasha, yawan zafin jiki a lokacin gudu yana iya kasancewa cikin kewayon + 10-13 ° C. Ganye suna iya yin tsayayya da rage zafin jiki zuwa -4-7 ° C. Wannan yana nuna cewa shuka iri za'a iya yi da zaran an ɗora ƙasan ƙasa.
Shuka albasa-bayan a buɗe ƙasa ana iya yin shi daga farkon bazara har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta ko kafin hunturu
Idan al'ada ta girma kamar shuka shekara-shekara, to, ana iya shuka tsaba nan da nan, da zaran sanyi mai zafi ya shude. A mafi yawancin lokuta, wa’adin ranar Maris ne-farkon Afrilu. Idan an horar da albasa a matsayin perennial, to, ana shuka tsaba a farkon lokacin bazara ko kaka. Ya kamata a la'akari da cewa a lokacin dasa shuki, ganye yakan fara haɓakawa a cikin bazara, da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta narke.
Shuka
Albasa -taka akan gado an shuka shi a tsohuwar fuska. Kuna iya bin wannan tsarin tsiro mai zuwa:
- nisa tsakanin tsaba a jere na 10 cm;
- tsakanin layuka na 20 cm;
- Zurfin shigowa 3 cm.
Ana shuka tsaba a kowane gado zuwa zurfin 3 cm, tsakanin tsaba 10 cm kuma tsakanin layuka 20 cm
Tsaba za a iya shimfiɗa nan take a daidai lokacin da ake so. Tare da madaidaitan lokacin farin ciki, za a buƙaci thinning. Ku ciyar da shi lokacin da takardar ainihi ta farko ta bayyana. Idan an shuka amfanin gona a cikin kaka, ana yin thinning a shekara mai zuwa, lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana.
Bidiyo: shuka albasa a cikin fili
Onion Care
Babban hanyoyin agrotechnical na kulawa da albasa-baton suna sha, kayan miya, namo. Watering amfanin gona ya zama matsakaici, yayin da za a zaɓi mita da girma gwargwadon yankin ku, i.e., gwargwadon yanayin. Don haka, a wasu yankuna zai isa ya sanya ƙasa sau ɗaya a mako a farashin 10 lita ta 1 m² na gadaje, yayin da a wasu na iya zama dole don ba da ruwa sau da yawa - sau 3-4 a mako.
Za'ayi farkon sako ne domin a fitar da ciyayi mai yawa, barin 6-9 cm tsakanin tsirrai .. Bayan wannan, an yanke ƙasa a cikin hanyoyin, wanda ke taimakawa haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa. A nan gaba, ana aiwatar da tsarin namo bayan ban ruwa da ruwan sama.
Wajibi ne don tura ƙasa a hankali don guje wa lalacewar tushen albasa matasa.
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin kulawa da albasa shine namo, wanda ke samar da ingantaccen shuka.
Hanya mai mahimmanci don samun kyakkyawan girbi shine gabatarwar abubuwan gina jiki. Albasa ana ciyar da su sau da yawa a lokacin kakar. An fara ciyarwa a farkon lokacin bazara tare da yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta (mullein 1: 8 ko jiko na tsagewar tsuntsaye 1:20). Ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinai a cikin bazara wata daya bayan fitowar kuma a cikin bazara kwanaki 30 kafin sanyi. Kamar yadda takin zamani, ana amfani da nitrate na potassium, yana kashe 14 g ta 1 m². A lokacin rani, don ƙara albasa, ana iya yayyafa gadaje da ash ash.
Dasa albasa mai bazara don hunturu
Shuka tsaba a ƙarƙashin hunturu galibi ana yin ta a watan Nuwamba, lokacin da yanayin sanyi ya shiga kuma zafin ƙasa ya mutu zuwa -3-4 ° C.
Dasa a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayi wajibi ne don guje wa zuriya iri kafin bazara, in ba haka ba suna ɓacewa.
An ba da gado mai albasa tare da ma'adinai da abubuwa na abubuwa. Shuka an yi shi a cikin jerin mai zuwa:
- Furrows ana yin 2 cm zurfi tare da jeri na layi na 20 cm, an binne tsaba a cikinsu kuma an rufe su da ƙasa.
Furrows a ƙarƙashin baka ana yin zurfin 2 cm zurfi, tsakanin layuka nisan ya kamata 20 cm
- Ciyawa dasa tare da peat ko humus, sannan kuma haɗa ƙasa.
- Don lokacin hunturu, gado tare da amfanin gona an rufe shi da bambaro ko rassan, har ma da dusar ƙanƙara.
An rufe gonar don hunturu da rassa ko ciyawa
- Domin 'ya'yan seedlings su fito da sauri-wuri a cikin bazara, a watan Afrilu an rufe wani yanki tare da albasa da fim.
Don shigar da albasarta na bazara da sauri, rufe gado tare da fim
Juyawar al'ada
Buƙatar dasa albasa na iya tasowa saboda dalilai daban-daban, alal misali, don 'yantar da tarko na dasa shuki ko wasu bukatun. An gudanar da aikin ne a farkon lokacin bazara, kodayake wasu lambu suna yin shi a watan Agusta ko farkon Satumba. Don dasawa, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da ya dace, shirya ramuka, a hankali fitar da mafi kyawun tsire-tsire kuma canja wuri zuwa sabon wuri. Shuka al'adu yakamata a yi a matakin daya, i.e., ba tare da zurfafawa da daukaka ba. Lokacin da aikin ya cika, kuna buƙatar danshi ƙasa.
Bidiyo: yadda ake watsa albasa-tsari
Lokacin noma albasa-bayan, yana da mahimmanci shirya tsaba da ƙasa yadda yakamata, da kuma yin shuka daidai da shawarwarin. Don tsire-tsire don girma da haɓaka da kyau, ya zama dole don samar da kulawa da ta dace, wanda zai sa ya yiwu a sami kyawawan ganye a cikin kakar.
