Dogwood dasa, musamman girma a cikin yankuna na Rasha da Ukraine

Dogwood wani itace ne mai kama da iri-iri wanda aka shuka ba kawai a kudu ba, amma kusa da arewacin Rasha. Yankin wannan al'adar ya fahimta. Cin berries da infusions daga gare su normalizes hauhawar jini, karfafa ganuwar jini jini da inganta narkewa.

Dogwood saukowa dokokin

Dogwood wata shuka ce da aka rarrabu a kudancin Rasha - a cikin Crimea da Caucasus, kodayake sababbin nau'ikan suna girma a yankuna na arewacin. Suna da tsayayya da sanyi kuma suna iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa -30 ° C. A cikin lokacin sanyi da ke kusa da kurmi, ƙarshen rassan na iya daskarewa.

Dogwood - itace mai tsayi-kamar itace-tsawon rai

Janar shawarwari ga lambu

Don dasawa, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wuri mai haske da fili, inda tushen inuwa mafi kusa zai kasance aƙalla 5 mita. Amma idan yankin yana da zafi sosai a lokacin bazara, to, zai fi kyau ga shukar ta ba da inuwa ta bangarancin ta hanyar dasa ta a cikin bishiyoyi.

Yakamata yakamata ya zama mai zurfi sama da mita 1.5. Isasa mai dacewa ce mai dacewa, kuma kodayake matattara zata yi ƙasa a kan ƙasa ta acidic, ba zata shafi ci gabanta da kyau ba.

Wani fasalin na dasa shine adadin bushes. Tun lokacin da ciyawar fure take tashi da wuri, a zazzabi mai zafi na + 12 ° C, ga kudan zuma ba sa tashi a wannan lokacin, pollination na faruwa ne a iska. Don mafi kyawun ɗaure da berries, kuna buƙatar samun bushes na 2-3 a shafin, a nesa na 3-5 m.

Dogwood blooms farkon lokacin da ga ƙudan zuma ba tashi duk da haka, saboda haka yana da iska pollinated

A kowane yanayin yanayi, watanni shida kafin dasa shuki, sun tono wani wuri a ƙarƙashin daji zuwa zurfin 50-60 cm, suna zaɓar tushen ciyawar ciyawa, musamman alkama da daɗin. Suna yin takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai. A 1 m² kimanin kilogram 6 na taki ya isa. A cikin bazara, ana dasa shukar kore kore: Peas, hatsi na hunturu, kuma a cikin bazara - vetch ko fatselia tare da haɗin gwal mai zuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasa.

Shuka dogwood shine fin so zuwa farkon sanyi.

Yadda ake shuka da girma daji: tukwici masu amfani - bidiyo

Lokacin sauka

A cikin kaka, za a shirya rami sauka. A lokacin bazara, ƙasa za ta zauna ta cika da ruwa mai daɗi. Bayan hunturu, shuka ya farka da wuri sosai, kuma akwai buƙatar a dasa shi kafin a buɗe furannin. A cikin yankuna na Kudancin wannan shine tsakiyar watan Fabrairu, a Tsakiyar Rasha - farkon farkon Maris.

Zabin Seedling

Lingsalingsan ofan shekaru biyu, 1-1.5 m, tare da kara mai tushe na kusan 2 cm, sai a riƙa kai da tushe.Ya kamata su sami rassa na kwarangwal 3-5 da ingantaccen tsarin tushen. Zai fi kyau ka zaɓi shuki tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa inda suka yi girma a da.

Dogwood tsire-tsire sun fi dacewa don ɗaukar shekara biyu, daga cikin gandun daji na yankin ku

Tsarin saukar da Dogwood

A cikin yanayi mai zafi, an shuka itace mafi kyau a cikin inuwar ɓangare na bishiyoyi masu tsayi. Kowane daji ya kamata ya sami yanki 4 4 - 4 * 6 6. plantingarin dasa shuki zai wahalar da aiki na tsire-tsire, tarin 'ya'yan itatuwa da pollination.

A cikin yankuna na kudanci, an fi amfani da katako a cikin inuwa mai zurfin bishiyoyi masu tsayi.

Hanyoyi da yawa don shuka daji

Don kiwo dogwood, dasa shuki da suka ba da 'ya'ya na tsawon shekaru 2-3 galibi ana amfani da su. Don kwatantawa, bushes ya girma daga zuriya yana samar da ovary ne kawai don shekaru 8-10, a ƙari, ba koyaushe suke adana kaddarorin mahaifiyar ba. Akwai sauran, hanyoyin ciyayi na yaduwar karewar katako: sakawa, yaduwar riguna, kore kore.

Dasa bishiyun dogwood

1. A wani wuri da aka zaɓa don dasa shuki mai tono, tono rami har zuwa 80 cm a zurfi da faɗi. Exasar da ta tono dole ne ya kasance ya zama tsibi biyu: ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙasa da ƙananan. Idan an yi wa kasar gona watanni shida kafin a shuka, babu abin da za a kara. Idan ba a aiwatar da shirye-shiryen ƙasa ba, to, ma'adinai (100 g na nitrogen da 200 g na phosphorus da takin potassium) ana amfani da takin gargajiya a ƙasan ramin kuma an cakuda shi da ƙasa.
   

   An shirya ramin saukowa a gaba, yana gabatar da takin humus da ma'adinai a ciki

2. Kafin dasa, duba seedling: idan bude Tushen sun bushe, suna buƙatar a saka shi cikin ruwa na kimanin 2 hours.
   

   Kafin dasa shuki, Tushen buɗewa an fi barin cikin ruwa don awa 2.

3. A tsakiyar ramin, an zuba tudun ƙasar wadatacciyar ƙasa. Ana gungume gungumen azaba don ɗaure wani daji. Yana da mahimmanci a sanya shi daga gefen inda iska galibi ke busa. An sanya seedling a cikin rami, ya bar tushen wuyan 3-4 cm sama da matakin ƙasa.
   

   Sapling Tushen dole ne a mike lokacin dasa, tabbatar cewa ba su tanƙwara

4. Cika shuka tare da ƙasa an cire shi daga ramin, zuba bulo na ruwa 2-3. Bayan shirya ƙasa, ciyawa kusa-da'irar karawa tare da humus ko busasshiyar ƙasa. Ulla ɗan itacen seeding.

Wasu lokuta ba zai yiwu ba shuka iri-iri na dogwood a nan kusa don guguwar dabbobin. Sannan ana sanya 2-3 na nau'ikan nau'ikan a cikin rami ɗaya. Ana yin wannan a hanya ta yau da kullun, to, kututturen suna haɗuwa. Don haka a daji za a sami rassa iri iri iri waɗanda aka keɓe su sosai. Wani lokacin tsakanin seedlings sa gungumen baƙin ƙarfe, bracing it with Trunks.

Muna girma daji daga zuriya

An dasa kashi na Cornel don haifar da sababbin nau'ikan. Za ku ga tsire-tsire a cikin kwanaki 800, wato, kawai a shekara ta biyu.

Tsarin nau'in dogwood ana yadu dashi ta hanyar iri, a kan seedlings wanda daga shi sai an girka shi

An lura cewa tsaba daga 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su girma bayan watanni 6-7. Svetlana Nikolaevna Litvinenko ne ya gabatar da hanyar da ta bunkasa kizaran kare ciyawar. Ta daɗaɗa ganyen, ta fitar da tsaba kuma ta bi da su da maganin acid 2% na kwanaki uku. Bayan wannan hanyar, an shuka su a cikin akwatin yashi zuwa zurfin 2-3 cm kuma ana jika kullun tsawon watanni shida. Ta hanyar bazara, farkon harbe ya bayyana. Tabbas, ba 100% ba, amma sun girma da sauri.

Carearin kulawa da ƙwayar cuta ta saba: don hana bushewa fita, don inuwa daga haskoki mai zafi, ciyawar ciyawa lokaci-lokaci, ciyawa ƙasa. A cikin shekarar farko, 'yan shuka za su yi girma 4 cm kawai a matakin ƙasa. A shekara ta biyu ta 15 cm, to, ana iya tura su zuwa wuri na dindindin.

Mafi sau da yawa, nau'in dogwood daji suna girma a cikin hanyar iri, a kan abin da ake dasa itace daga bishiyoyin.

Propagate dogwood tare da kore kore.

Dogwood yana yaduwa ta hanyar kore kore, waɗanda aka yanka a ƙarshen Yuli daga 5-6 shekara bushes da mazan. Yana da mahimmanci a ɗauki sabon harbe aƙalla 15 cm tsayi.

1. Wani sashe a kan bishiyar an yi shi daga ƙasa, a nesa na 1 cm daga toho, a ɓoye, an cire ganyen kuma an sanya ganye a cikin maganin heteroauxin 3% na har zuwa awa 12.
2. A cikin inuwa, shirya karamin yanki don dasa tushen tare da ƙasa mai ƙoshin ciki kuma cika shi da yashi mai kyau 10 cm.
3. An dasa yankan a cikin yashi a wani kusurwa na 45 ° kuma an shayar.
4. Rufe katako tare da fim don ta tsakanin saman da murfin akwai banbancin iska wanda ya kai 20 cm.
5. Rike zazzabi a cikin greenhouse a kusa da + 25 ° C, idan ta tashi sama, yin iska.
6. Lokaci-lokaci ana shayar da ƙyallen ta hanyar yafa har yashi ya kasance m, kuma ruwan ba ya lalata tushen.
7. Bayan makonni 3, an yanke tushen, sai suka fara taurara, lokaci-lokaci suna ɗaga fim don samun iska, da farko na da yawa awanni, sannan awanni da yawa a rana kuma bayan makonni 2 an cire shi gaba ɗaya. Yanke a wannan lokacin suna ciyar da tare da maganin ruwa na ammonium nitrate a cikin kudi na 30 g da guga na ruwa. Za'a iya dasa su a cikin dindindin wuri na gaba.
   

   A matsakaici, a cikin makonni 5 zaka iya samun seedlings daga cuttings waɗanda suke shirye don dasa shuki na gaba

Canza daji zuwa sabon wuri

Dogananan ƙaramar katako a wasu lokutan sai a dasa su. Tabbas, ba zai yiwu a juyar da wata tsohuwar bishiya ba tare da sakamako ba, amma abu ne mai yiwuwa a raba ƙungiyar matasa kuma a lokaci guda don ƙaura zuwa sabon wuri. Zai fi kyau dasawa da rarraba daji a cikin kaka, wata 1 kafin sanyi, yayin da yake har yanzu ƙasar tana da laushi da taushi. Suna binciken shi a hankali, suna ƙoƙarin kiyaye matsakaicin adadin asalinsu. Tunda tushen tsarin itacen daji ya ta'allaka ne da zurfin kusan 40 cm, ba shi da wahalar dasa shi. Dukkanin tsoffin rassan da tushen tsire-tsire suna yanke, suna barin mai kyau da lafiya; za a iya yanke babban daji zuwa sassa 2-3. Dasa su a cikin hanyar a matsayin talakawa seedling.

Yadda ake shuka da girma dogwood a cikin yankuna

Mutane da yawa baƙi a cikin Crimea fada cikin ƙauna tare da wannan Berry kuma suna son girma shi a cikin shirye-shiryensu a duk faɗin Rasha da kuma kusa da ƙasashen waje. A saboda wannan, ana haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan da za su iya ba da 'ya'ya har a Siberiya.

Dogwood saukowa a kudu na Rasha (Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, Astrakhan, Stavropol)

A Volgograd kuma a makusantan sa, dogwood yana rayuwa da kyau kuma yana bada regularlya fruitan a kai a kai, kodayake akwai haɗarin daskarewa da harbe-harbe lokacin sanyi lokacin sanyi. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a shuka shi a cikin daji, maimakon itace, saboda a cikin farkon shekarun za ku iya ɓoyewa daga sanyi.

Volgogradsky mai nau'in kare da ke tsiro a cikin wani daji har zuwa mita 3 a tsayi, ya farfado a watan Agusta

Bambancin Volgograd ya girma a cikin m bushes tare da kafa harbe. Ganyayyaki sunaye, nuna, furanni masu launin shuɗi, a bunches, fruitsa fruitsan itace mai ceri, madaidaiciya elongated. Lokacin Dogwood na furanni shine Afrilu, ripening shine Agusta-Satumba Yawan aiki yana da girma, yana tsayayya da cuta.

Ta hanyar datsa ciyawar, zaka iya ƙirƙirar fasalin kayan ado sannan ka yaɗa shimfidar wuri.

Dogwood saukowa a tsakiyar Rasha

Kusa da arewa zuwa ga al'adun-zafin-zafi, wanda shine dogwood, harbe har abada yakan daskare bisa ga matsayin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma saboda farkon fure, ba ƙusar ƙurar ƙima ta ƙudan zuma. Don namo a cikin yankuna na tsakiya, nau'in zano ya dace:

• Vladimirsky (babban adadin-mai samar da gwaggwabar riba tare da manyan duhu na maroon na yin nauyi zuwa 8 g, wanda ya karu a ƙarshen watan Agusta da farkon Satumba);
• Vydubitsky (yawan amfanin ƙasa, tsakiyar-iri iri, launin ja mai duhu);
• Elena (farkon sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi, berries mai matsakaici, yan itace a farkon watan Agusta);
• Firefly (manyan-fruited iri-iri tare da ja-baki berries, high yawan amfanin ƙasa, ripens a karo na biyu rabin Agusta).

Dogwood berries ya huda na dogon lokaci, don haka yana da kyau ku sayi nau'ikan farkon cikakke don tsakiyar Rasha.

A tsakiyar layi kuma a Siberiya, nau'in katako da aka yanka a nan ya fi dacewa da tushe

Dogwood saukowa a cikin Urals da Siberiya

Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin katako a Siberiya, ya kamata ka zaɓi yanki mafi haske, ba tare da inuwa ba. A ƙarƙashin yanayin gida, ya fi kyau a shuka shi cikin siffar stanza. A cikin bazara, ƙananan rassa sun tanƙwara ƙasa kuma yayyafa da ƙasa. Suna yin ƙananan ramuka a cikin ƙasa kuma suna sanya harbe-harbe shekaru a cikinsu. An yanke saman don manyan sojojin su tafi zuwa tushen. Ta hanyar faɗuwa, tserewa zai ɗauki tushe. Rarrabe shi daga babban daji, kuma za ku sami seedling shirye don dasa. Wannan hanyar tana ba da izinin shuka nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke: a ƙarshen Afrilu da farkon Mayu.

Yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 100 don yayyafa 'ya'yan itacen, kawai a watan Satumba da berries fara zuba, kuma sau da yawa su kawai ba su ripen saboda farkon yanayin sanyi.

Girma dogwood a cikin tsari mai ma'ana zai kare shuka daga daskarewa harbewa

Wani zabin don shuka tsiro mai tsananin sanyi shine dasa shuki na tsaba. Itace kare da aka dasa ta wannan hanyar fure kawai bayan shekaru 8-10, sannan 'ya'yan itacen da aka daure a daji dole ne a girbe su kuma sake dasa su. Na biyu ƙarni na dogwood zai zama riga ya fi tsayayya ga sanyi fiye da na farko. Sa'an nan zaku iya shuka tsaba waɗanda aka samo daga berries na ƙarni na biyu na dogwood, kuma ku girma bushes har ma da saba da daskararre. Daga gare su zaku iya ɗaukar cuttings da layering don ƙarin yaduwa.

Wannan shi ne yadda a cikin kewayen birni ya bayyana lambun lambun daji na Vladimir Vasilievich Nikolaev. Ya warware matsalar ƙudan zuma a sauƙaƙe: ya sanya hive a cikin ɗakin kare mai tsami, kuma a farkon bazara daji ya kasance tsabtace daji.

Dogwood saukowa a cikin Ukraine

Alkaline kasa na Kudancin Ukraine suna da dacewa sosai ga girmawar katako, kuma godiya ga yawaitar shuka, bishiyar daidai ta ba da 'ya'ya a cikin ƙasar. Kusan Kiev-Pechersk Lavra tsohuwar tsirrai an samo tsoffin tsire-tsire, wanda shekarunsu sun riga sun fi shekaru 100.

Matsalar kawai don shuka katako a cikin ƙasa shine dasa kayan, tunda ba kowane gandun daji ke sayar da seedlings ba. Inoculating shuka ba shi da wahala fiye da itacen apple ko pear.

Mafi kyawun iri don girma a cikin Ukraine sune:

• Amber
• Murjani
• Mai ladabi
• Lukyanovsky.

Dogwood iri don girma a cikin Yukren - hotunan hoto

Dogwood ingantaccen itacen Berry ne wanda ya cancanci girma a kowace lambu. Itaciyar da ke da zafi-ƙauna ta yadu sosai a yankuna na kudu, amma sannu-sannu ta mamaye ƙarin lambuna na arewacin.