Yadda ake dasa bishiyar apple

Itacen itacen apple shine ɗayan manyan albarkatu na 'ya'yan itace, ba tare da wanda ba cikakkiyar gida ko ɗakin bazara ya cika ba. Don shuka itace mai kyau, mai yalwar itace kuma akai-akai, mai lambu zai fara buƙatar sanin dokoki da fasalolin dasa bishiyar itacen apple dangane da yanayin da ake ciki. Aikin mu shine mu taimaka masa da wannan.

Kwancen dasa bishiyar apple

Zabi na ranakun dabaru mafi kyau na bishiyoyin apple sun dogara da yankin namo. A cikin yankunan kudanci da lokacin bazara mai zafi da bushe, yana da daraja a fi son dasa shuki, tunda idan kayi haka a lokacin bazara, matashin shuka bazai da lokacin da zai dau tushe ya kuma karfafa kafin farawar sultry. A wannan yanayin, zai bukaci ƙarin shayarwa da kuma ginin matsugunai na wucin gadi daga zafin rana.

A wasu yankuna, ya fi kyau amfani da dasa shuki. Lingsa Seedan da aka shuka a cikin bazara a lokacin bazara za su sami lokaci zuwa tushen sosai, ba da girma, sami ƙarfi don hunturu na farko. A dukkan bangarorin, an zaɓi lokacin dasawa domin tsirrai su huta. A cikin bazara - har zuwa lokacin da kwararar ruwan zai gudana (ana iya tantance wannan ta kumburin da kodan), kuma a cikin kaka - bayan kammalawa (bayan faduwar ganye).

Waɗannan ƙa'idodi suna aiki da yanayin dasa shuki tare da tsarin buɗe tushen (ACS). An ba da damar dasa shuki tare da tsarin tushen keɓaɓɓu (ZKS) a kowane lokaci a cikin lokacin girma daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba.

Inda za a dasa itacen apple a kan wani shafi

Wannan ita ce tambaya ta farko da ke buƙatar warwarewa yayin shiga cikin dasa itacen apple. Kiwon lafiya na shuka, da rayuwarsa da kuma yawan 'ya'yan itace ya dogara da madaidaicin zabi na wurin da yanayin girma. DDon itacen apple, yana da kyau a zaɓi wurin da zai kasance abin dogaro daga iska ta arewa. Irin wannan kariyar na iya ba da bishiyoyi masu tsayi, shinge da ganuwar gine-ginen da ke arewaci ko arewa maso yamma na inda suke sauka. Haka kuma, nisan su yakamata ya kasance cewa babu wata halitta inuwa. Itacen apple yana son kyakkyawan hasken rana da iska mai kyau.

Itatuwan apple suna girma sosai a wuraren da aka cika fitila da iska mai iska tare da kariya ta halitta daga iska mai ƙarfi a arewa.

A cikin inuwa na bangare, akwai haɗarin ƙananan haɓaka, haɓaka bishiyoyi, kazalika da samuwar damfara, yana haifar da cututtuka daban-daban. Saboda wannan dalili, ba za ku iya zaɓar ciyawar da ke cike da ruwa ba. Shirye-shiryen tare da kusan (har zuwa mita 1-2) na faruwa a cikin ƙasa ba su dace ba. Mafi kyawun zaɓi zai zama shafi akan ƙaramin (10-15 °) kudu, kudu maso yamma ko gangaren kudu maso yamma.

Shin zai yiwu a dasa itacen ɓaure a maimakon tsohon

Amsar a fili ita ce a'a. Gaskiyar ita ce ƙasa ta gaji da gajiyawa tsawon shekaru. Bugu da kari, takamaiman inhibitors secreted da tushen tsohon itacen apple, kazalika da pathogens da kwari, tara da shi a cikin manyan lambobi.

Mai hanawa (lat. Inhibere "jinkirta") - sunan gaba daya abubuwan da ke hana ko jinkirta hanya da kuma tsarin kimiyyar halittar jiki (enzymatic).

Wikipedia

//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingibitor

Zai fi kyau shuka itacen apple a kan ƙasa hutu bayan shekara uku zuwa huɗu na ciyawar kore ko tsiro mai kama da ita. Tare da rashin sarari, zaku iya, ba shakka, yi ƙoƙarin tono babban rami, cika shi da takin mai yawa, macro- da microelements, da dai sauransu. Amma dole ne kuyi aiki tukuna kuma har yanzu ba a ba da tabbacin sakamakon ba. Duk abin da babban rami, a cikin 'yan shekaru Tushen zai wuce shi. Kuma ko da lokacin dasa sabon lambun, bai kamata ku zaɓi wuri ba bayan an rushe tsohuwar.

Tsarin dasa bishiyar Apple daga shinge

Nisan itacen shuka daga shingen makwabta galibi ana yinsa ne ta hanyar hukumomin gari ko kuma ta hanyar chartungiyoyin alaƙar al'adu da hadin gwiwar kamfanonin. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana bada izinin dasa bishiyoyi masu tsayi ba kusa da mita hudu, kuma tsayayyun bishiyoyi ba kusa da mita biyu zuwa iyakar wurin.

Tsarin dasa bishiyar Apple

Mafi sau da yawa, ana dasa bishiyoyi a cikin layuka a cikin lambu. Nisa tsakanin su yakamata a samar da sauqin kulawa, ingantaccen haske da kuma fitar da iska. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine wurin da layuka suna daga gabas zuwa yamma. A wannan yanayin, an ƙirƙiri ingantaccen yanayin haske. Nisa tsakanin layuka an zaɓa daga mita uku zuwa huɗu don tsattsarkan bishiyoyi tare da ƙaramar kambi, zuwa mita shida zuwa bakwai a cikin yanayin girma. Aikin tazara ya tashi daga mita 0.8-1.5 domin tsirar columnar har zuwa mita shida a yanayin manyan bishiyoyi tare da babbar kambi.

Maƙwabta da mara kyau maƙwabta na itacen apple

Treesa'idodin Apple suna da kyau tare da nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri da yawa kuma, bisa ga tsaka-tsakin dasawa na sama, zai yi shuru cikin natsuwa ya kuma bada 'ya'ya Maƙwabta mafi nasara sune:

• plum;
• Quince;
• Kari
• a pear.

Amma har yanzu akwai makwabta maras so. Wannan shi ne:

• goro;
• tekun buckthorn;
• viburnum;
• dattijan;
• tsiro;
• thuja;
• itaciya.

Treeasan itacen apple

An yi imanin cewa itacen apple ba shi da ma'ana kuma yana iya girma akan kowane ƙasa. Amma wannan dabara ce. A zahiri, wannan al'ada tana buƙatar wasu sigogi na ƙasa, wanda zai nuna kyakkyawan sakamako. Cibiyar Nazarin Noma na Dukkan Rashawa mai suna I.V. Michurin ta ba da shawarar ƙasa don itacen apple tare da halaye masu zuwa:

• A sako-sako da, porous tsarin da mai kyau capillary danshi iya aiki.
• Slightlyaddamar da ɗan acidic a cikin kewayon pH 5.1-7.5.
• Carbonate bai wuce 12-15% ba.
• Rashin isasshen gishiri, sinadarin sulfate da sinadarin chloride.
• Babban aiki na ƙwayoyin cuta a haɗe tare da humus abun ciki na akalla 2%.

Mafi kyawun duka, loamy, yashi na loamy kasa da chernozems sun haɗu da waɗannan yanayin. Tabbas, yana da nisa a koyaushe zai yiwu a sami shafin yanar gizon da ya dace da alamomin da aka ƙayyade. Sau da yawa, ainihin yanayi ba shi da kyau.

Yadda ake dasa bishiyar apple

Don dasa itacen apple, kuna buƙatar samun rami na dasa shuki da seedling na nau'ikan da aka zaɓa. Mai aikin lambu ne yake shirya ramin da nasa, kuma seedling zai samu a cikin gandun daji ko ya girma daga itace ko tsaba.

Ana shirya rami don dasa bishiyar apple

A kowane hali, rami don shuka yana buƙatar shirya shi da kyau a gaba, aƙalla makonni 3-4 a kaka, kuma don dasa shuki an shirya shi a cikin bazara. Wannan saboda yanayin bazara bazai ba ku damar shirya rami a kan lokaci ba, kuma koda yanayin yanayin wurin ba shi da shawarar, to shiri zai dauki lokaci mai yawa. A kan kyawawan ƙasa mai kyau, shirya rami saukowa ba shi da wahala. Kuna buƙatar kawai tono ma'aunin rami mai daidaituwa tare da diamita na 60-70 cm da zurfin iri ɗaya. Haɗa ƙasa da aka fashe tare da takin gargajiya kuma ya mayar da shi cikin ramin. Partaya daga cikin ɓangaren humus da peat, har da buladi na 0.5 na ash ash da 200-300 grams na superphosphate a kowace rami mai dasa, an haɗa su a kowane ɓangaren ƙasa.

Yadda ake dasa bishiyar apple idan kusa da ruwan karkashin kasa

Kusan abin da ke faruwa a cikin ruwan ƙasa babban matsala ne ga dasa bishiyar itacen apple. A wasu halaye, wannan har yanzu yana yiwuwa - Ana buƙatar tsarin mutum ɗaya anan. A cikin mafi sauki version, zaku iya yin kawai zaɓi na dama iri. Kuna buƙatar sanin cewa dogayen itacen, zurfi tsarin sa da zurfafa kuma yana amsa ruwan ƙasa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, bishiyoyin apple a kan tushen dwarf rootstocks suna da tushe har zuwa zurfin mita 1.5 kuma, saboda haka, ba za su amsa ruwan ƙasa da ke ƙasa da wannan matakin ba. Don columnar da bishiyar apple apple mai ban sha'awa, wannan adadi ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa - mita ɗaya kawai.

A mafi girma apple itacen, m ruwan karkashin kasa ya kamata

Bugu da kari, zaku iya tayar da shuka zuwa wani tsayi ta hanyar gina tsauni mai kafa 0.6-1 tsayi da mita 1-2 a diamita.

Tare da wuri kusa da ruwan karkashin kasa, ana iya dasa bishiyun apple a tsaunukan tuddai

Hanya ta uku, mafi tsada, hanya ita ce ta share dukkan yankin ta amfani da kayan aikin magudanan ruwa. Babu wasu shawarwari marasa gamsarwa kan wannan batun. Dangane da takamaiman yanayin, an zaɓi wani makirci - yana da kyau a yi amfani da sabis na kwararru a wannan matakin.

Itace bishiyar Apple a cikin yashi

Matsalar wannan yanayin ita ce ƙasa mai yashi ba ta da abinci mai gina jiki da ikon riƙe ruwa. Saboda haka, aikin mai gona akan irin wannan rukunin yanar gizon shine don kawar da waɗannan gajerun hanyoyin. Don tabbatar da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, tono rami na dasa mafi girman girman itacen apple.

Saukowa rami a cikin yashi ya kamata ya fi girma fiye da ƙasa kamar ƙasa

Lokacin da ina da gidan bazara a kan yashi, saboda shimfiɗa gonar dole ne in haƙa ramuka 120 cm zurfi da kuma diamita guda. A kasan na shimfiɗa wani yumɓu mai yumɓu mai kauri tare da kauri na santimita 20, wanda ya zama shinge don riƙe danshi. Na rufe sauran girma tare da shigo da chernozem, alternating yadudduka tare da saniya humus da peat. Kimanin rabo daga waɗannan abubuwan ya kasance 3: 1: 1. Zan fayyace cewa wannan rabo ba saboda kowane bayanan kimiyya bane, amma don samarwa da farashin kayan. Neman gaba, na lura cewa wannan hanyar dasa itace ta zama cikakke kuma bishiyun apple da aka dasa ta wannan hanyar sun girma kuma sun bada fruita stillan har yanzu shekaru tara. Gaskiya ne, sababbin masu mallakar yanzu suna girbin amfanin gona, amma wannan wani labari ne.

Ya kamata a sani cewa komai ƙarfin da aka sanya a cikin rami saukowa lokacin saukarwa, ba shi yiwuwa a tabbatar da shi na rayuwa. Saboda haka, tsire-tsire da aka shuka akan ƙasa mai yashi a nan gaba zasu buƙaci ƙarin saman kai tsaye.

Dasa bishiyar apple a cikin yumɓu

Layasa game da katako ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don itacen apple ba, amma duk da haka ta amfani da ƙoƙari ana iya girma. Kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa a wannan yanayin, babban girma na ramin dasawa yana da kyawawa, kamar yadda yake game da ƙasa mai yashi. Abin sani kawai yakamata a cimma shi ta hanyar ƙara girman diamita na ramin, ba zurfinta ba. A matsayinka na mai mulki, farantin yumɓu mai yuwuwa yana farawa daga zurfin 40 cm santimita. Ya isa ya tona rami mai zurfi wanda ya zarce farkon yumɓun yumɓu da santimita 15-20. Wannan ƙara ce mai cike da magudanar ruwa na duwatsun dutse, tubalin da ya fashe, yumɓu da aka faɗa, da dai sauransu diamita na ramin na iya kasancewa a cikin santimita 100-150. Idan yumbu ya fara daga zurfin zurfin (10-30 santimita), to cike tudu ba zai yi rauni ba, kamar yadda ya faru da kusancin abin da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa. An shirya cakuda abinci mai gina jiki don cike ramin kamar yadda yake a cikin lamurran da suka gabata, amma don ba da madaidaicin tsarin da zai haɗu har zuwa 25% na yashi rafin.

A sabon gida na (gabashin Ukraine), ƙasa yumɓu ne. Tsarin yumɓu yana kwance a santimita 40-50 santimita. A wannan shekarar dole ne in sare tsohuwar bishiyar apple da ba ta da lafiya. Lokacin da na fara kawar da shi, sai na gano gaskiya mai ban sha'awa - da yawa daga itacen itacen apple tare da diamita kusan 7-8 santimita da aka rarrabe radially daga gangar jikin a kan manyan nisan nisa, da matuƙar wucewa da diamita na kambi. Kuma sun kasance suna kwance a sararin samaniya daidai daidai da rabe-raben layin ƙasa da kera da yumɓu. Daga wannan ne zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa bai da ma'anar yin zurfin rami mai zurfi a kan irin wannan ƙasa. Ko ta yaya, babban Tushen zai kasance a matakin yumɓu.

Yadda za a dasa itacen apple a kan ƙasa na peat

Atasa na peat galibi galibi suna da kusancin abin da yake gudana a cikin ruwa. Don haka, dole ne a sarrafa shi ta hanyar rijiyoyin burtsatse ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin lambun. Nau'i na biyu da dole ne a kula dashi shine acidity na ƙasa. Wataƙila an ninka shi sosai - wannan nau'ikan ƙasa ne na peat. A wannan yanayin, don deoxidation, gabatar da lemun tsami foda ko dolomite gari a cikin nauyin 0.5 kg / m ana buƙatar². Watanni shida bayan aiki, ana yin ma'aunin acidity kuma, idan ya cancanta, ana maimaita aikin. Idan peat Layer 40 cm ne kuma sama da haka, to kuna buƙatar ƙara sandar kogin zuwa ƙasa a ƙimar 4 m³ a 100 m². Kuma baicin, ana buƙatar takin mai magani:

• humus a cikin nauyin 4-6 kg / m²;
• superphosphate - 150-200 g / m²;
• itace ash - 3-5 l / m².

Yadda ake dasa bishiyar apple a kan dutse

Akwai yankuna da yawa da ƙasa mai toka, inda babba keɓaɓɓen Layer yana da kauri ba fiye da santimita 10-15 ba. Bayan shi babban Layer ne mai ƙarfi na podzol, tsakuwa ko ƙasa mai dutse. Komawa a tsakiyar karni na karshe, masu shuka Siberian sun fito da wata hanya mai ban sha'awa na dasa bishiyoyi a cikin irin wannan yanayin da ba a yarda da shi ba. I. Petrakhilev ("Kwarewarmu game da dasa bishiran 'ya'yan itace", "Gidan Lambun" Ba 9, 1958) ya bayyana hanyar ingantacciyar hanyar maɓuɓɓuka don dasa bishiran' ya'yan itace. Yana da kamar haka:

1. A wani wuri da aka zaɓa sun tono (m) rami tare da diamita na 60-70 cm kuma daidai zurfin (idan ana so, waɗannan masu girma dabam na iya zama mafi girma).
2. Dugaƙa biyu a cikin ramin madaidaici da ke raɗa har tsawon mita huɗu ana haƙo su ta tsakiyar ramin. Da nisa da zurfin ramuka ya kamata 40 cm.
3. Sakamakon rami yana zubar da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki.
4. A duk haskoki huɗu na ramuka a nesa da 60 cm daga tsakiyar ramin, an yi fascias a tsaye daga sanduna tare da diamita na 1.5-3 cm da tsawon 40 cm.
   

   Hanyar dasa bishiyoyi a cikin rami yana ba ku damar shuka bishiyoyi masu kyau a cikin baƙin ƙarfe da sauran ƙasa mai ƙasa-ƙasa
5. A cikin tsakiyar rami na dasa shuki, ana shuka dutsen seedling bisa ga ka'idojin da aka saba, wanda za'a bayyana a ƙasa.

Bayan haka, ta hanyar danshi, duk danshi yana shiga kai tsaye zuwa tushen, kuma ana samar da takin mai magani ta cikin su. Don kada sha'awan su ruɓe, an rufe su da kayan rufin, kuma a cikin hunturu ana rufe su da peat. Rayuwar hidimarsu galibi shekaru uku ne, wanda bayan haka an girka wasu abubuwan sha'awa, amma an riga an ci gaba daga cibiyar, tunda tushen yana girma tare da ramuka.

Fashina (Faschine na Jamusanci daga lat. Fascis - "bunch of sands, bunch") - bunch of sands, bunch of goge goge, wanda aka ɗaure tare da igiyoyi (saƙa), igiyoyi ko waya.

Wikipedia

//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashina

Gardenerswarewar da aka bayyana game da dasa bishiran apple da sauran fruita fruitan itace da aka samu sau ɗaya kuma an sami nasara ta hanyar wasu lambu a Siberiya. Kuma har ila yau ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar akan sauran ƙasa mai matsala - yumbu, yashi da kowane rashin haihuwa.

Dasa bishiyoyin apple a cikin bazara tare da seedlings, gami da grafted

Da zarar an zaɓi wurin dasa, zaku iya ci gaba zuwa zaɓi da siyan seedlings. A lokaci guda, yana da daraja bayar da fifiko ga nau'ikan da aka yanka a yankin dasa, kuma ya fi kyau saya su a cikin fall. A wannan lokacin, akwai babban adadin tono ta seedlingsan yara ta hanyar gandun daji kuma zaɓi shine mafi ƙanƙanta. Lokacin da aka sayi seedling tare da ACS, tsire-tsire mafi yawa ana zaɓar 1-2 shekaru, kamar yadda mafi yawan manya ke ɗaukar tushe mafi muni. Shuke-shuke tare da ZKS, wanda ke cikin akwati, na iya zama ƙarƙashin shekara huɗu. Ana sayar da tsofaffin bishiyoyi tare da dunƙule na ƙasa wanda aka sanya a cikin raga. Tun da lokacin hunturu ajiya na tsire-tsire tare da ZKS yana buƙatar samar da yanayi mai wahalar yanayi, zai fi kyau saya su a cikin bazara - kaka a shekarar dasa.

Yadda ake ajiye apple seedling kafin dasa shuki

Siyar da aka siya da ACS zata kasance har zuwa lokacin bazara. Za'a iya yin wannan ta hanyar tono shuka a gonar. Don yin wannan:

1. Tono rami mai zurfin 25-35 santimita da tsayin-seedling.
2. Wani farin yashi na santimita 10 cm kauri ana zuba shi a ƙasan ramin ya jika shi.
3. Tushen saffan yana tsoma shi cikin daskararren yumɓu.
   

   Kafin ajiyar ajiya, Tushen seedlings an tsoma shi cikin daskararren yumɓu.

4. An dasa shuki a cikin rami kusan a kwance, yana ajiye Tushen a kan yashi, kuma ana goyan bayan saman a gefen ramin.
5. Yayyafa tushen tare da yashi mai laushi, kuma bayan kwari mai ɗorewa, duk tsiron yana rufe duniya, yana barin kambi kawai a farfajiya.
   

   Ana adana Saplings tare da tsarin tushen buɗewa har sai lokacin bazara a cikin maɓuɓɓugar

Kuna iya ajiye seedlingsan seedlings a cikin cellar a zazzabi na 0- + 3 ° C, tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye tushen sa, alal misali, rufe saman su da gansakuka ko ciyawar rigar.

Dasa ciyawa a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara

A lokacin dasawa, suna fitar da zuriya daga tsari, suna bincika shi, kuma idan komai ya kasance daidai da shi, sai su fara shuka. Hanyar dasa shuki da aka dasa itace kamar haka:

1. Tushen tsarin yana daɗewa da yawa cikin ruwa tare da ƙari na kayan haɓaka mai haɓaka da kuma tushen tushe. Kuna iya amfani da Kornevin, Heteroauxin, Zircon, Epin, da dai sauransu.
2. A wannan lokacin, shirya rami don dasa. Har zuwa wannan:
   1. An haƙa rami a tsakiyar ramin dasa gwargwadon girman tsarin tushen seedling.
   2. An daga nesa daga nesa nesa da santimita 10-15, an soke katako mai tsawon mita 1-1.2.
   3. An kafa ƙaramin tukunyar ƙasa a cikin ramin.
3. An saukar da dutsen seeding a cikin rami, yana sanya tushen a wuka har wuyayen ya hau saman sa, sai kuma aka rarraba madaidaiciya Tushen a gefen gangara.
4. Abu na gaba, taimakon mutum na biyu abin so ne, wanda zai cika a hankali Tushen tare da ƙasa, ɗauka lokaci-lokaci. Sakamakon haka, ya zama dole cewa tushen wuyansa ya kusan zama matakin ƙasa ko ya hau sama da shi ta santimita 2-3. Kada a bada izinin zurfafawa daga tushe mai wuya. Dole ne a sami wurin grafting na graeds seedlings kuma a saman ƙasa. Zai dace don sarrafa zurfin saukowa ta amfani da dogo.
   

   Zai yi kyau mu sarrafa zurfin ƙasa ta amfani da dogo ko sanda
5. Bayan sun cika ramuka, sai suka ɗaura ɗanɗano zuwa fegi tare da taimakon wani abu na roba don kada su danna akwatin.
6. Ana kafa da'irar kusa-da kuma shayar da ruwa tare da ruwa domin ƙasa ta yi daidai da tushen kuma babu isassun iska a cikin yankin tushen. Yawancin lokaci, don wannan dalili, da'irar da ke kwance cike take da cika sau 2-3 tare da ruwa bayan an kwashe ta.
   

   Dangane da diamita na ramin saukowa, an kafa da'irar kusa-da kuma shayar da yawa

7. An yanke shuka zuwa tsayin santimita 60-100, kuma rassan (idan akwai) suna gajarta by 30-40%.

Yadda za a dasa bishiyoyin apple tare da rufaffiyar tsarin, ciki har da raga

Dasa shuka tare da ZKS ya ɗan bambanta daga dasa shuki talakawa. Bari mu kula da wasu abubuwa:

• Kafin dasa, da seedling tare da ZKS ya kamata a acclimatized, tun kafa shi domin da yawa kwanaki a cikin lambu ba tare da cire daga ganga. A lokaci guda, dole ne a girgiza shi. Shuke-shuke da damuna a kan titi ba sa bukatar tsaurin kai, saboda sun fi ƙarfin wuya. A cikin wane yanayi ne aka shuka seedlings, ya kamata ka tambayi mai siyarwa a lokacin siye.
• Ramin a cikin ramin saukowa an shirya shi gwargwadon girman coma na duniya, lura da matakin da ake so wurin tushen wuyan.
• Don sauƙaƙe hakar tushen tsarin tare da dunƙule na ƙasa daga cikin akwati 'yan awanni kaɗan kafin dasa shuki, an shayar da shi sosai, amma dunƙule ya kamata ya yi ma rigar sosai. A wasu halaye, yana iya zama dole a yanke ganga idan yana da wahala a cire seedling.
  

  Seedlings tare da rufaffiyar tsarin ana shuka su ne tare da dunƙule na duniya
• A cikin yanayin inda tushen tsarin ba a cikin akwati, amma cushe a cikin burlap ko ƙarfe raga, ana shuka seedling ba tare da fashewa ba. Wani maɓalli a cikin ƙasa zai lalata kansa a cikin 'yan shekaru kuma ba zai haifar da cikas ga ci gaban tushen sa ba.
• Idan an aiwatar da dasa shuki a lokacin rani, to da farko yakamata a dasa shuki a kuma shayar a kai a kai domin mafi kyawun tushen.

Yadda za a dasa itacen apple a bazara tare da yan itace

Cuttingsan itace da itacen ɓaure suna da wahalar yin tushe. Haka kuma, wasu nau'ikan, gabaɗaya, ba za'a iya kayar da su ba, yayin da wasu kuma ke da tushe sosai. Majiyoyin ba su ambaci takamaiman nau'ikan da suka dace da wannan hanyar yaduwa ba, saboda haka, akwai filin don gwaji. Masana sun ce bishiyoyin bishiyoyin kananan kananan-'ya'yan itace ana yaduwarsu ta hanyar yankan itace, amma tare da babban nasarar da ake samu mai yawan gaske ba su da yawa. Mafi inganci ana ɗauka wata hanya wacce ake ƙarfafa haɓakar abubuwan haɓakar hormonal a cikin itace. Yana da kamar haka:

1. Ba a baya ba bayan watanni biyu kafin farkon kwararar ruwan itace (mafi kyau a ƙarshen Disamba), an zaɓi ɗanɗano mai kyau, lignified shoot yana da shekaru 1-2 a kan itacen apple.
2. Kashe shi ba tare da lalata haushi ba. Za'a iya samun hutu da yawa akan harbi - a sakamakon haka, yakamata a samo tsinken 15-20 cm
3. Bayan wannan, wurin hutu yana nannade da tef na lantarki, filastar, da sauransu.
4. An gyara fashe mai fashe a cikin nau'in lanƙwasa kuma an bar shi a wannan matsayi har sai lokacin bazara. A wannan lokacin, shuka yana ba da umarnin girma abubuwa na hormonal zuwa yankin da aka lalace, yana ba da gudummawa ga warkar da karaya.
   

   Don tayar da hankali da abubuwa na haɓakar hormonal a cikin cuttings, an yi hutu da yawa akan harbe, wanda aka lullube shi da tef na lantarki kuma an gyara shi a wannan matsayi har sai lokacin bazara
5. A watan Maris - Afrilu, an cire bandeji, an yanke itace a wuraren watse kuma an sanya shi tare da ƙananan ƙarshen a cikin akwati tare da ruwan sama ko ruwa mai narkewa, an zuba shi zuwa tsawo na 6 santimita. Allunan allunan carbon da ke kunne ana amfanuwa dasu cikin ruwa.
6. Bayan kimanin kwanaki 20-25, zazzage kira ya fito kuma ya kamata ya fara ci gaba.
   

   Bayan kimanin kwanaki 20-25, lokacin kiran zai fara bayyana kuma ya kamata ya fara ci gaba.

7. Lokacin da tushen tsawonsa ya kai 5-6 cm, ana shuka tsiran a fili.
8. A karo na farko, saboda ingantacciyar tushensu a cikin jujjuyawar, ana yin fim ne mai gina jiki, kwalban filastik tare da yanke wuyansa ko kuma gilashin gilashi.
   

   A karo na farko, don ingantacciyar tushen dunƙule, an shirya ciyawar da aka girka ta fim ko gilashi a saman su

9. Tare da yin shayi na yau da kullun da shading a kan kwanakin zafi, cuttings da sauri suna ɗaukar tushe da girma.

Dasa bishiyoyin apple tare da kore kore

Rooting na kore kore faruwa da kyau a lokacin rani. Don waɗannan dalilai, yi amfani da rassan ci gaban na yanzu. Tsarin ya fi dacewa don farawa a watan Yuni kuma yana kama da wannan:

1. Da sanyin safiya, ƙananan yankan 20-30 cm tsayi an yanka su tare da keɓe.
2. Yankunan da ke dauke da rassa 3-4 ana yanke su ne daga tsakiyar sassan rassan. A wannan yanayin, ana yin ƙananan yanka nan da nan a ƙarƙashin ƙodan, kuma babba na sama da koda.
3. An yanke ƙananan gado 1, kuma babba biyu an yanke su a rabi don rage yankin ƙafe.
4. Kuna iya dasa itace a cikin kwalin da kuma lambu. A kowane hali, kuna buƙatar:
   1. Shirya ƙasa mai gina jiki mai narkewa ta amfani da humus ko takin.
   2. Zuba lokacin da yashi 5 cm kauri akan ƙasa kuma yayi laushi da kyau.
   3. Don ba da hotbed na arches da m fim sama da gado ko akwatin don ƙirƙirar ƙarancin zafi.
   4. Shayar da greenhouse.
5. Yanke suna makale a cikin yashi mai kauri na 1-2 cm, zurfafa kodan 1-2.
   

   Kafin yin tushe, ya kamata a adana ciyawar kore a cikin greenhouse.

6. A kan wannan, tsarin dasa kore kore yana ƙare. Abu na gaba, kuna buƙatar bude koranda a kai a kai sau biyu a mako kuma feshi da itacen da ruwa. Bayan dasawa, an cire kore.

Bidiyo: tushen kore kore

Yadda ake dasa shukar apple

Girma itacen apple daga zuriya tsari ne mai tsawo kuma tare da sakamako wanda ba za'a iya faɗi ba. Zai iya ƙare tare da ɗanɗano mai kyau da kyau, har ma da wasa mai tsalle na daji. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan hanyar ana amfani da ita ta hanyar masu shayarwa don haifar da sababbin nau'ikan, haka kuma wuraren kiwon dabbobi don samun hannun jari. Ga waɗancan gonar waɗanda har yanzu suna son yin ƙoƙarin haɓakar itacen apple daga zuriya, Anan ne manyan abubuwan wannan aikin.

1. Da farko kuna buƙatar samun iri. Don yin wannan, ɗauki apples cikakke daga gefen kambi.
2. A hankali cire tsaba kuma a ware su. An zaɓi samfuran samfuran da suka dace da yanayi masu zuwa:
   • Ciki.
   • Cikakken cikakke.
   • Samun launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan hoda.
     

     Don shuka, an zaɓi cikakkiyar tsaba daga cikakke apple an zaɓi

3. Kurkura zaɓaɓɓun tsaba a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi, da haɗa su da karfi tare da cokalin katako na mintuna da yawa. Maimaita hanya sau uku ana maye gurbin ruwa. Dalilin wannan aikin shine a cire maɓallin inhibitory wanda ke hana haɓakawa.
4. Jiƙa tsaba a cikin kwanaki 3-4, canza ruwa kowace rana.
5. Sanya tsaba don ka taurara su.

Stratification na apple tsaba a gida

Don stratification, an sanya tsaba a cikin ingantaccen daskararren gurbataccen shirye wanda aka shirya daga peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 1: 3. A lokaci guda, tsaba bai kamata suna hulɗa da juna ba. A wannan tsari, ya kamata su kasance cikin zazzabi a daki har sati guda. Bayan wannan, ana sanya substrate tare da tsaba a cikin firiji don watanni 2-3. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don wannan shine +4 ° C.

Don stratification, ana sanya tsaba tare da manne a cikin firiji don watanni 2-3

Shuka Tsarin Apple

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwalaye masu dacewa suna da ɓoye ƙasa, a kanta wanda aka ɗora karamin Layer magudanar ruwa. Akwatin an cika shi da chernozem, sannan an sanya tsintsiya mai zurfin 2 cm a saman ta tare da tazara tsakanin cm 20. Tsakanin dasa shine 2-3 cm Bayan an yi shuka, ƙasa ta yi laushi sosai.

Bidiyo: yadda ake girma apple daga dutse

Hanyar monastic ta dasa bishiyun apple

A zamanin yau, mutane da yawa sun ji labarin tsoffin lambunan gidajen bauta, wanda bishiyoyin apple suka girma kuma suka ba da amfani ga shekaru ɗari ko sama da haka, suna kawo yawan amfanin ƙasa. Menene sirrin wannan tsawon rayuwa? Bari muyi kokarin gano ta. Ya juya cewa tare da wannan hanyar, bishiyoyin apple (da wasu albarkatu) suna girma daga tsaba da aka dasa nan da nan a cikin wurin dindindin kuma baya shuka bai sake cikawa ba. Saboda gaskiyar cewa tushen sa ba ya taɓa rauni, sabanin hanyar da ta saba, tsarin tushen ya zama kamar sanda, ba fibrous ba. Irin wannan tushen yana zuwa zurfin zurfafa kuma tare da tsufa na iya isa tsawon mita fiye da goma. Amfanin wannan hanyar shine cewa shuka tana samun danshi daga yadudduka masu zurfi na ƙasa kuma zasu iya yi ba tare da yin ruwa ba, har ma a lokacin rani. Bugu da kari, ci gaban tushe a cikin zurfin zurfin ba ya tsayawa ko da a cikin hunturu kuma an kafa tushe mai yawa a cikin ƙasa. Tushen ƙwayar Volumetric ya zama wurin ajiyar abubuwa masu yawa na samfuran photosynthesis, wanda shine mabuɗin babban haɓaka.

Don shuka, ana amfani da tsaba na Hardy gamets na gida, wanda akan girka girke girken sannan a liƙa. Haka kuma, an zabi wurin yin rigakafin ne a tsayin mita 1-1.2 yayin da nau'in daji ke zama wakili mai haifar da iri. Wani mahimmin mahimmanci shine zaɓin wurin saukowa. Don lambun, dodannin koyaushe suna zaɓar ɓangaren ɓangaren kudu ko kudu maso yamma da kuma kudu maso gabas, kariya daga arewa ta tsaunukan daji masu yawa. Bishiyoyi ana shuka su koyaushe a kan abubuwan haɓaka, ta hana ruwa gudu.

Kuma kadan game da peculiarities na kulawa - muhimmiyar ma'ana ita ce gaskiyar cewa hanyoyin ba su yin huɗa a cikin gidajen lambuna. Ciyawa da ciyawa da ganyayyaki da suka fadi a koyaushe suna cikin wurin, suna samar da yadudduka na ƙasa mai haɓaka tare da babban abun ciki na humus.

Shuka bishiyar apple a yankuna daban-daban

Bayan mun yi nazarin hanyoyin da yawa, zamu iya amincewa da tabbaci cewa hanyoyi da ka'idoji na dasa bishiyoyin apple ba su dogara kai tsaye ga yankin namowa ba. Bambanci don yankuna daban-daban sun ƙunshi kawai a cikin nau'ikan da ake amfani da su, kazalika da kwanakin shuka, dangane da takamaiman yanayin yanayin zafi. Bambanci a cikin hanyoyin dasa abubuwa ya dogara da abun da ya dace da tsarin ƙasa, matakin faruwar ruwan ƙasa, kamar yadda muka ambata a sama.

Tebur: ƙaddarar kwanakin dasa shuki don bishiyar apple da wasu nau'ikan da aka ba da shawarar don yankuna daban-daban

Amfani da bayanin da aka karɓa a aikace, mai aikin lambu ba shakka zai iya shuka itacen apple mai lafiya da wadata, koda kuwa yanayin hakan bai dace ba. Kuma idan ya kasance mai sa'a kuma ƙasa a kan filin yana da fa'ida kuma mai tsari, ruwan ƙasa yana da nisa kuma akwai kariya ta halitta daga iska ta arewa, to bishiyoyin apple da aka dasa suna yin la’akari da duk abubuwan da ke sama zasu samar da amfanin gona na sama da dozin.