Seleri shine tsire-tsire masu lafiya, kuma ya dogara da nau'in, ana ci, tushensa, ganye ko petioles. Ana amfani da samfurin da aka sani na duniya don dalilai na magani da kuma abinci mai gina jiki. Barin ba wuya ba har ma ga fararen lambu, don haka al'adar ta shahara sosai tsakanin mazauna bazara na tsakiyar Rasha.
Nau'in seleri da nadin su
Perennial herbaceous shuka na Umbrella iyali yana da haske mai dadi ƙanshi da sabon abu iyawa. Asalin mahaifarsa yana cikin Bahar Rum, amma a yau an shuka seleri ko'ina.
Akwai nau'ikan guda uku:
- Tanya ko petiole an bambanta shi da tsawon lokacin ajiya da kaddarorin masu amfani. An kwatanta shi da harbe mai laushi na kore kore, koren launi, wanda ya bambanta saboda hanyar namo, nau'in halitta bashi da alaƙa da shi. Wani lokaci zaku iya samun farin mai tushe tare da tsire-tsire masu tsalle-tsalle, idan kun yayyafa su koyaushe da ƙasa.
- Ganyen Seleri ana amfani dashi sosai a dafa abinci. Yana girma duk lokacin rani da damina, yana da dandano mai daɗi da ƙanshin mai haske. Zai yi wuya kaga tunanin kiyayewa ba tare da ciyayi ba.
- Tushen yana ci raw kuma stewed. Ana amfani dashi maimakon dankali a cikin shirye-shiryen kwasa-kwasan abinci na farko. A cikin salads, haɗe tare da apple, karas.
Ya danganta da zaɓin dandano, zaku iya shuka ɗaya nau'in shuka ko da yawa.
Seleri dasa kwanakin
Seleri za a iya dasa a cikin bazara da kaka, gwargwadon hanyar. Ana canja zuriya zuwa ƙasa lokacin da ya kai tsayi 15 cm kuma yana da ganyayyaki 4-5. An shirya tsaba daga fada. Abubuwan da aka dasa a cikin hunturu, saboda haka a cikin lokacin ya kasance mafi sauƙi don kula da tsirrai. Gardenerswararrun lambu har yanzu fi son shuka ger tsaba a gida, don haka mafi girma da ake samu. Tushen Tushen yana girma ne kawai ta hanyar shuka.
Watan da aka dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa kai tsaye ya dogara da yankin. Kusa da Siberiya, daga baya ana dasa tsire-tsire. Misali, a cikin Urals - a watan Mayu, a farkon watan Yuni; a cikin kewayen birni - Afrilu, Mayu.
Babban abin da ake buƙata don yanayin yanayi shine yawan zafin jiki na +10 ° C, kasancewar rashin sanyi.
Dangane da kalandar rana, an dasa seleri: tushen tsire - Afrilu 26-30, Mayu 1-4; tsaba da kuma ganyayyaki na ganye da petiole - Mayu 8-10, Mayu 14-17.
Wuri
Ganin cewa mahaifarsa ta seleri a kudu, fahimci cewa yana buƙatar rana da yawa. Dangane da haka, zabar wurin dasa shuki, ba fifiko ga wuraren da ke da ɗumi, masu haske, nesa da bishiyoyi da gine-gine.
Ana shirya gadaje a fall. Isasar ta haƙa kuma ta share ciyawa da tarkace na shuka. Zuba peat ko humus kuma bar har sai lokacin bazara.
Ciyawa mai laushi itace kariya daga nau'ikan kwari iri-iri, saboda haka ana bada shawarar dasa shi kusa da kabeji, tumatir, cucumbers, wake, letas ganye. Irin wannan unguwa zai taimaka wajen haɓaka da kuma kula da girbi, kuma seleri ba ya cutarwa kwata-kwata. Tare da dankali, faski da karas, akasin haka, ba a ba da shawarar hada shi a cikin gadaje.
Hanyar Seedling na girma
Don seedlings, dole ne a zaɓi tsaba. Al'adar ba ta da girma sosai, saboda tana ƙunshe da adadin mai kayan lambu wanda ke hana kumburi. Dasa kayan da aka saya da yawa, yana da daraja kula da rayuwar shiryayye na samfurin, tun shekaru 2 bayan taro, har yanzu an rage germination.
Kafin dasa, an shirya tsaba, a wanke a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate (dan kadan ruwan hoda tint na ruwa). Bayan awoyi biyu na soaking, ana yada kayan a kan zane mai bushe ko adiko na goge baki, a nannade shi kuma aka tura shi zuwa busasshiyar wuri mai ɗumi. Don haɓaka germination, ana ƙara haɓaka haɓaka ko ruwan 'ya'yan aloe a ruwa, aan saukad da. Gardenerswararrun lambu suna kirkirar yanayi mai ƙima ta hanyar nutsar da jakar tsaba a cikin ruwan zafi ko ruwan sanyi.
Preparedasa don shuka an shirya shi da kansa ko kuma a siya a cikin shago. Don haɗuwa mai zaman kanta zaka buƙaci yashi, peat, humus da ƙasa ta duniya daidai gwargwado. Bayan ya gauraya abin da keɓaɓɓen, ana tandire shi, an mai da shi a cikin tanda ko daskararre don shawo kansa. Farfajiyar ƙasa tana danshi ta hanyar fesawa da bindiga mai fesawa.
A ko'ina yada iri a farfajiya, a ɗauka da sauƙi a hankali a zub da peat ko yashi. Bayan an gama shayar da albarkatun gona, sai a rufe su da gilashi ko fim don ƙirƙirar tasirin kore. A lokacin namowa, tabbatar cewa saman duniya yayi danshi.
Makonni biyu, da wani lokacin ma, ana adana akwatunan da ke gaba a cikin duhu da dumi. Zazzabi ya kamata + 18 ... +20 ° С. Lokacin da farkon harbe suka bayyana, ana jigilar kwantena zuwa wuri mai haske, ana cire murfin kuma ana saukar da zafin jiki da digiri da yawa. Da dare, zaku iya saukar da shi zuwa + 10 ... +12 ° C. Don tushen iri-iri, tsarin zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci, idan ba ku lura da shi ba, seleri zai yi fure, kuma ba za a yarda da wannan ba. Awannan hasken rana aƙalla awanni 10 ne, don haka idan ya cancanta, kuna buƙatar haɗa wutar lantarki ta wucin gadi.
Lokacin da matasa tsire-tsire samar da cikakken biyu ganye a kan wani bakin ciki m kara, za ka iya nutse seedlings. Don yin wannan, ɗauki ƙasar guda ɗaya, ƙara ɗan itace ash a ciki, sa'annan ku kwance cikin kwantena daban. Canja wuri a cikin akwati tare da sprout, pinching babban tushe don ci gaba (kawai don petiole da ganye).
Ana buƙatar ciyawar seedlings a cikin matsakaici. A kasar gona bayan ban ruwa da aka kwance wanda ya sa ɓawon burodi ba ya samar. Makonni 2 bayan dasawa, an ciyar da seleri tare da shirye-shirye na musamman don ci gaba da haɓaka albarkatun abinci.
Na farko watanni daya da rabi, ana samun saurin bunkasar shuka, tare da rashin haske harbe harbe daga sama, wanda ba a yarda da shi ba. Tsarin 25 cm tsayi kuma yana da cikakkiyar ganye 4-5 suna shirye don dasawa cikin ƙasa. Idan an yi shuka ta hanyar da ta dace, sannan ta tsakiyar tsakiyar Mayu a shirye suke. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, seleri ya taurare, a takaice ɗaukar akwati zuwa titi kuma a hankali yana ƙaruwa da lokaci a waje.
Dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa mara buɗe
Dasa shuki ba ya faruwa nan da nan. Don wani lokaci ana ajiye shi a wuri mai inuwa akan titi. Sai kawai lokacin da ganye 6 suka bayyana za a iya canja seleri zuwa ƙasa.
Idan ba a aiwatar da zaɓin farkon ba, ana yin shi nan da nan kafin saukowa. Wannan ne yake aikata kamar haka: soaked tare da wani dunƙule dunƙule na ruwa, seedlings an ja daga, a hankali raba da asalinsu.
An shirya mãkirci a faɗo domin gado na lambu a hankali ana kuma dasa shuki, ana dogara da nau'in, kamar haka:
- Tushen - a nesa na 15 cm daga juna, lura da jera sarari na 0.4 mita.
- Petiole - an dasa shi zuwa zurfin 6 cm, a jere yana barin 20 cm a kowane gefe, tsakanin layuka na 0.3 m.
- Ganya - 10 cm zurfi, ba lallai ba ne a lura da nisa tsakanin tsirrai.
Bayan zurfafa seedling, dasa shuki ne matsi da kuma yalwa shayar.
Yin shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude
Idan babu seedlings ko rashin yarda tinkering tare da matasa shuke-shuke gudanar da shuka shuka a cikin ƙasa. A cikin lokaci, wannan yana faruwa a ƙarshen kaka, kafin sanyi na farko.
Idan ba a hadu da gado ba, shirya shi: tono shi, tsaftace shi daga tarkace da ciyawa, gabatar da takin zamani. Ba lallai ba ne don shirya tsaba kamar shuki, amma yana da mahimmanci don zaɓin sabon ƙwaya, zai fi dacewa a wannan shekara. Bayan zurfafa tsaba daga 2 cm, rufe yankin tare da fim. Lokacin zabar wani wuri, sun cika abubuwan da ake buƙata don shuka: haske mai kyau da danshi ƙasa.
Yana da Dole a shuka densely a cikin hunturu, yawancin tsaba ba za su yi toho ba, kuma yana da sauƙi ga ɓarnar fita a cikin bazara.
Amfanin wannan dasa ya hada da cewa a farkon lokacin bazara sabo ne ganye zai bayyana. In ba haka ba, haɗarin sun yi yawa. Gwanaye rani an shawarci a yi wasa lafiya kuma har yanzu suna girma seedlings.
Idan muna magana game da nau'in halitta, to, mafi tsayayya ga sanyi ganye seleri. Hakan yakan kan bayyana ne bayan shafe tsawon lokacin bazara.
Kula da Seleri na waje
Kowane nau'in tsire-tsire suna buƙatar irin kulawa:
- Tushen - tsoron ciyawar da ke girma cikin sauri da kuma tsoma baki tare da seedlings. Suna ba da shawarar bayar da kulawa ta musamman ga weeding. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da shuka sau uku, karo na farko 2 makonni bayan dasa. Bayan 'yan kadan daga baya, lokacin da mai tushe suka fara nuna karfi, zasu yi takin akai-akai. Lokaci na ƙarshe - akan samuwar tushen amfanin gona a farkon lokacin.
- Petiole - dole ne a dasa shi daidai. A kan gadaje da aka shirya tun kaka, suna yin abubuwan banɗaki na 30 cm, suna barin mita 0.4 tsakanin layuka. Cika rijiyoyin tare da taki. An tsara datti don rufe ɗakunan dabbobi don su kasance fari kuma ba masu daci ba. Akwai nau'ikan bred na musamman waɗanda ba sa buƙatar tsaunin dutse, amma ba su da dadi sosai kuma suna tsoron tsoron sanyi. Bayan dasa shuki, ana yin miya ta farko bayan wata daya. An rufe ɓoyayyun sandunansu yayin da suke girma, suna kulawa da laima na ƙasa. Bayan ban ruwa, dole ne a saki ƙasa. Lokacin da tsawo na daji ya kai 30 cm, harbe suna cikin ƙyalli a cikin daure, suna nannade da takarda mai duhu, barin kawai fiɗa tare da ganye a farfajiya.
- Leaf - mafi unpretentious jinsunan. Yana buƙatar lokacin shayarwa, weeding da kwance. Don hana samuwar ɓawon burodi bayan ban ruwa, ana sanya ciyawa bushe a gindi, a ɗan ƙaramin nesa daga tsakiyar daji, don karuwar ta daina.
Cututtuka na Celery da kwari
Ba a kiyaye shuka a cikin gadaje daga cututtuka da kwari, sabili da haka, an bada shawara don saka idanu sosai a kan amfanin gona, ɗaukar matakan da suka dace lokacin da aka gano matsaloli.
Matsalar | Alamu da Sanadin | Matakan magancewa |
| Tsatsa | Kananan aibobi na launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, da yawa da aka warwatsa a saman ganyayyaki da petioles. A hankali yankunan da abin ya shafa sun bushe. | A matsayin magani, ana amfani da fesa wurin tare da Fitosporin-M a taro na 4-5 a kowace lita na ruwa. Da yawa daga cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi ba za a buƙata ta 1 sq Km. m 100 ml kawai ake buƙata. mafita. |
| Septoria | A cikin sanyi, yanayin damp, rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da farin zano suna bayyana a kan tsire-tsire a kwanakin ƙarshe na bazara. A kan mai tushe ne launin ruwan kasa raunuka. | Ana gudanar da jiyya don Topsin-M da Fundazole. Magungunan suna da guba, saboda haka an dakatar da su kwanaki 20 kafin girbin. |
| Cercosporosis | Alamar cutar ita ce alamar haske tare da kan iyaka mai launin ruwan kasa a saman ganyayyaki, a cikin manyan maganganu ana rufe kananzir da shunayya mai ruwan hoda. | |
| Downy mildew | Tare da tsananin zazzabi mai ƙarfi da raɓa mai sanyi da safe, an rufe seleri da farin farin da aka sani, kamar yadda yanayin ke taɓarɓare, fim da baƙar fata ya bayyana. | Ana bi da ta hanyar spraying tare da jiko na filin shuka thistle. An shirya maganin kamar haka: 300 grams na al'adun da aka murƙushe an zuba cikin rabin guga na ruwa kuma an yarda su tsaya na 8 hours. |
| Motsa Kokwamba | Kwayar cutar kwari, kwari da zumar ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar. Tukwane ko zobba masu girma dabam da sifofi suna bayyana akan shuka. | Lokacin da aka gano alamun, bushes ɗin sun lalace. Ba za a iya maganin cutar ba. |
| Borsch tashi | Kwaro mafi haɗari a cikin Mayu, kwari yayi masonry a ƙarƙashin fata na ganye. A wannan yanayin, nau'i na tubercles. Tsutsa yana cin dogon tuno a cikin harbi yayin balaga, yana sa su daci da fibrous. | Hanya guda daya ta kariya daga tashi shine albasa da aka dasa a cikin hanyar. A matsayin gwargwadon rigakafin, ana bada shawara don saka idanu akan tsabtace gadaje. |
| Karas tashi | Yana sanya zuriya a ƙarƙashin tushen sa. Larvae ci ganye da harbe, Tushen da ganye. | Bushesaukan bushes da keɓaɓɓun albarkatu na noma suna maganin tasoshin tare da cakuda yashi, bushe mustard da ƙurar taba, a hade daidai gwargwado. |
| Wake aphid | Mai haɗari ga amfanin gona, yana shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyen tsire-tsire, alhali yana jigilar cututtuka. | Feshi tare da decoction na fi dankali, tumatir ko Dandelion. Zaka iya amfani da jiko na ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami a cikin rabo 10: 1. Riƙe cikin wuri mai duhu na kwanaki 2-3, sannan sai a fesa bushes ɗin da aphids ya shafa. A matsayin gwargwadon rigakafin, ana bada shawara don tsabtace wurin da ciyawa da tarkacewar shuka a cikin dacewar lokaci. |
Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawara: yadda za a cire da kuma adana amfanin seleri
Kowane nau'in seleri yana balaga a kan kari kuma kuna buƙatar girbi daidai da:
- Kara - girbe a ƙarshen kaka, kuma a zaɓi yanyanke kamar wata petioles lokacin bazara.
- Tushen - kuna buƙatar tono tushen amfanin gona kafin sanyi. Girma ya ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar kaka, saboda haka halatta da cin abin da aka shuka ya halatta. Tona tsire-tsire a hankali, ba tare da cutar da makwabta maƙwabta ba.
- Leafy - ganye an karye, pruning baya shafar lafiyar shuka sosai. Tushen tin an girbe, kuma babban rhizome an bushe an aika don ajiya.
