Bayanan fasaha da tarihin tarkon DT-20

Tanarayin DT-20 - Wannan shine ainihin gine-ginen kimiyya na kasa. Duk da gajeren lokacin da aka saki, wannan ƙungiyar ta zama sanannen kamfani tsakanin masana'antu da kuma 'yan ƙasa. Ikon, rashin kwanciyar hankali game da barin da ikon yin aiki ko da a cikin yanayi mafi tsananin yanayi ya sanya wannan tarkon ya zama ainihin alamar lokacin, ba tare da aikin aikin gona ba har tsawon shekarun da suka gabata. Duk da haka, a zamaninmu, ba mutane da dama sun san abin da tarihin aikin injiniya ya fara tare da abin da ke baya da sababbin fasahar zamani. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke damewa cikin wannan batu a cikin dalla-dalla, da kuma ƙayyade abin da alamar DT-20 ta tara ya bar bayan duk.

Alive zuwa zamaninmu

Tanarayin DT-20 - Kungiyar motar noma ne, wanda aka tsara domin ayyukan aiki daban-daban. Fiye da shekaru 12 da aka samar da wannan na'ura an halicci sauye-gyare da yawa waɗanda suka canza mai kwakwalwa. Bisa ga bayanan da aka yi, an gano cewa mahalarta sun sake zagaye bayan taron a shekarar 1969. Duk da haka, wannan bai shafi rinjayarsa tsakanin manoma a fadin dukkanin Amurka ba. A duk tsawon lokacin da aka saki, kimanin dubu 250 ne aka kirkiro, wasu daga cikinsu aka shigo zuwa Faransa da Holland, amma mafi yawa daga cikin motoci sun bar cin zarafi.

Shin kuna sani? Irin wannan sashi a matsayin mai tarakta ne aka kirkire shi a cikin shekara ta 1825 da wani ɗan Ingilishi mai suna Keely. Na farko kwafin yana da injin motsi maras nauyi, amma zai iya sauyawa da kuma rike kowane nau'in ƙasa.

An yi amfani da tarkon a cikin gandun daji, dutsen dutse na dutse da kuma a cikin gonaki shekaru da dama, saboda rashin amincewarsa ba a cikin shakku ba daga cikin masu shakka. Abin da ya sa aka samo shi a zamanin yau.

DT-20 tana amfani da ita har yau a wasu gonaki kuma, duk da tsofaffiyarsa, yana aiki tare da ɗawainiya da dama, kuma wani lokacin har ma ya shiga sayarwa kyauta tare da farashin kimanin $ 1500 Amurka. Duk da haka, mafi yawancin wannan kayan kayan fasahar za'a iya samuwa a matsayin kayan tarihi. DT-20 yana nunawa a Saratov, wanda aka nuna a Sokolovskaya Hill a cikin Museum na Gurasar garin Bulgar (Tatarstan), a cikin Cheboksary Museum of History of Tractor, kuma a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake nufi da garin Beepus na Deep.

Shin kuna sani? Rundunar ta farko ta amfani da sojoji a matsayin mayaƙan tayar da hankali don daukar nauyin makamai. Don dalilai na aikin gona, an yi amfani da waɗannan na'urori ne kawai a 1850.

Tarihin mai tara DT-20

DT-20 shine mataki na gaba na ci gaba da fasinja na 50s na karni na ashirin. Na'urar ta maye gurbin irin wannan fasalin daga Kharkov Tractor Plant a matsayin XTZ-7 da DT-14. HTZ-7 na ɗaya daga cikin raka'a na farko da aka saki a ƙasashen USSR. Ci gaba da tarkon da gabatarwa a cikin dukkanin rayuwa a cikin wannan zamani ya ba da karfi ga bunkasa masana'antu da yawa. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa bukatar da ake buƙatar irin wannan ingancin ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa bayan shekaru 5 a 1955, injiniyoyi na Kharkov sun saki samfurin da ake kira, DT-14.

Duk da cewa DT-14 na mayar da hankali ga yawancin sababbin sababbin masana'antun injiniya, injiniya har yanzu ba ta bambanta da ingantaccen fasaha ba. Duk da kwarewar kyakkyawar ƙetare, ƙwararrun ya haifar da matsala ga direbobi, tun da yake yana bukatar man fetur don farawa, ko da yake sashin kanta na aiki ne kawai akan man fetur dinel.

Muna ba da shawara cewa ka karanta yadda za ka zabi wani karamin motsa jiki domin aiki a kan kotu na baya, game da siffofin kananan-tractors: Uralets-220 da Belarus-132n, kuma kuma koyon yadda za a yi karamin motar daga motoci da kuma karamin jirgin sama tare da karya frame.

Gyara wannan kuskure a gyare-gyare na baya bai warware matsalar ba, don haka karnonin Kharkov sun dawo don robot.

A shekara ta 1958, fararen farko na kamfanonin DT-20 suka fito, har zuwa karshen 1969 samar da na'urorin ba su daina.

An ƙirƙira sabon abu ne akan DT-14, amma, yana da wasu sababbin sababbin abubuwa.. Wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa tarkon ya zama ba abin dogara ba ne kawai kuma mai dacewa a aiki, amma kuma ya wakilci kusan dukkanin duniya don kowane aiki.

Ga dukan wanzuwar samfurin, Kharkov masu zane-zane sun saki wadannan gyare-gyare:

• DT-20-C1: an tsara dabi'un fasaha na samfurin a cikin hanyar da za ta samar da mashawarci mai kyau domin yin noma tsakanin layuka na al'adu daban-daban;
• DT-20-C2: na'ura don aikin gona na aikin gona, an kuma amfani dashi a matsayin mai tarawa na nesa;
• DT-20-C3: Samfurin fitarwa na mai tarawa, ba kamar waɗanda suka riga shi ba, a cikin C3 an canza kayan lantarki kuma ya sanya fuka-fuki masu fadi. Bugu da ƙari, masu zanen kaya sun ba da samfurin tare da ƙafafun, ƙarin fitilu da kayan aiki don takarda lasisi;
• DT-20-C4: kusan kamar C3 model, babban bambanci shi ne sake kayan da iko a karkashin hannun hagu hannu;
• DT-20-C5: Mota ta samo ta ta musamman domin Faransa da Holland. Babban bambancin da ya dace daga samfurin fitarwa na baya shi ne tsari na musamman na fitilu na gefe bisa ka'idojin dokokin waɗannan ƙasashe. Bugu da} ari, an inganta na'ura ta hanyar inganta na'urar injiniya ta hanyar shigar da na'urar lantarki.

• DT-20V: saiti, da aka tsara don yin aiki a cikin gonar innabi tare da jeri na jere na akalla 1.5 m;
• DT-20K: na'ura mai kwarewa a cikin jere na tsayi na al'adun tsayi. Tana tarawa yana da takalmin taya, amma tare da izini mafi girma kuma ma'auni fiye da samfurin tsari;
• DT-20U: injiniya mai tarkon, wanda aka tsara domin yin amfani da kayan aiki don ƙwayar gonaki.

Shin kuna sani? Tarkon jirgin ya fara fitowa a 1903 saboda godiyar injiniyan Amurka da dan kasuwa Benjamin Holt.

Bayyanar da iyawar mai tarawa

Dangane na DT-20 wani kayan aikin noma ne, wanda aka yi amfani dashi don aiki a cikin gonaki da gonaki, da kuma sashin tarawa don bukatun daji a cikin gandun daji, birni da aikin gine-ginen. Duk da rashin ƙarfi, masu zanen kaya sun kirkira wani nau'in sarrafawa mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi, kuma injin din diesel wanda ba shi da kyau ya ba da mahimmanci ga mota.

Tana tarawa yana da nau'i na al'ada don wannan kayan aiki. Hannunsa na baya sun wuce diamita na ƙafafun gaba, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a yi amfani da ita a kowane irin kasa mai kyau. Ana amfani da ƙafafun daga sama ta fuka-fuki daga datti, wanda, dangane da irin gyare-gyare, an haɗa su a cikin shinge ta hannun ƙarfe ko ta hanyar bugun ƙwayar. Babu kusan tashoshi ga DT-20, injiniya, kaya da kuma motsi na baya sune tsari guda ɗaya wanda aka haɗa duk sauran kayan aikin injiniya. Babu rufin kan tarkon ko dai, duk da haka, a wasu gyare-gyaren akwai ƙananan filayen don shigar da murfin murya.

Sanya kanka tare da tractors: MT3-892, MT3-1221, Kirovets K-700, Kirovets K-9000, T-170, MT3-80, MT3 320, MT3 82 da T-30, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don daban-daban iri aiki.

Ko da wane irin gyare-gyare a cikin taraktan DT-20, zaka iya canza matsayi na jigon karshe da tsawon tsintsin. Irin wannan samfurin zai yiwu ya saita tsawon lokaci mafi kyau na kasa da yarda da tushe. Gilashin motar ta mota tana da baya, yana taimakawa wajen motsi naúrar tare da gudun guda kamar baya da gaba.

Irin wannan yanke shawara na juyin juya hali game da tsarin da suka gabata ya danganta da ƙoƙarin masu zanen kaya don ƙirƙirar tarkon duniya don aiki tare da kowane nau'in kayan aikin noma a cikin aiki na amfanin gona mai girma da tsayi.

Shin kuna sani? Ma'ana don ƙirƙirar tarakta ba tare da fiti-fiti a matsayin guda daya daga cikin injiniya, kaya ba, da kuma bayan bayan baya na Henry Ford. Sabili da haka, mai sayarwa ya rage farashin zane na mota kuma ya sanya shi ga mafi yawan manoma.

Bayanan fasaha

Babban fasaha na fasahar DT-20

Bidiyo: nazarin mai tara DT-20

Dimensions da nauyi

Tana taracin DT-20 yana da ƙananan girma. Matsayin da bai dace ba na na'ura 2818 mm x 1300 mm x 1231 mm, matsakaicin 3038 mm x 1300 mm x 1438 mm. A daidai wannan lokacin, rashi mara kyau ya ƙaddamar da nauyi, tun da bai wuce fiye da 15,600 kg ba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kayan zane-kwane na DT-20 bai samar da ma'auni don ma'aunin ma'auni ba wanda ya zama dole don haɗuwa da pneumatics zuwa ƙasa. An lalata wannan lahani saboda an cika pneumatics tare da ruwa.

Engine

Tana tara yana da injiniya hudu da ke kunshe da guda ɗaya. Irin nauyin sanyaya yana gudana, ana amfani da ruwa a matsayin abu mai sanyaya. An ba da kayan lantarki domin farawa da inji. Motar tana da nau'i na musamman wanda ya rage vibration. Ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i guda biyu na layi, madaidaicin counterweight. Fitilar man fetur mai sauƙi ne, guda ɗaya.

Ana aikawa

Ana aikawa a DT-20 mai sauki, inji. Tsakanin injiniya da gearbox shi ne ƙuƙwalwar ƙira, ƙunshi guda ɗaya. Yayin da tarakta yana gudana, ba zata rufe ba. Kayan sanda yana taimakawa wajen kama wannan kama.

Gidan yana da nau'i 4, da yiwuwar sakewa. Yawan iyakar gudun bai wuce 15.7 km / h ba, amma tare da karuwa a cikin motsi na mita zuwa 1800 a minti daya, gudun ya kara zuwa 17.65 km / h.

Yana da muhimmanci! Tare da ci gaba da aikin injiniya a ƙananan hanyoyi, wahalarta ta tasowa sau da yawa, sabili da haka, ya kamata a kara motar ta fiye da 80% na girman iko.

Gudun tafiya

Chassis DT-20 ya ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa:

• ƙafafun da kuma gaba-gaba;
• bayansa da ƙafafu.
• Gurbin zane na tsaye;
• kututturewa ta gefe tare da nau'i biyu;
• tsarin karya.

Kayan kayan haɗi

A matsayin kayan aikin kayan aiki don DT-20, za'a iya amfani da raka'a waɗanda ke da motsi mai tayar da hankali, wanda za a iya sarrafawa ta amfani da tsarin lantarki. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da su a cikin waɗannan:

• Lupin LNV-1.5;
• PAV-000 sufuri;
• ONK-B sprayer;
• Osh-50 duster;
• scraper ABH-0.5;
• Platform na loading PVF-0.5.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ba'a ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki na zamani don yin aiki tare da tarkon DT-20, tun lokacin da irin waɗannan na'urori ba su dace da ita ba tare da naúrar.

Analogues na zamani

Ƙungiyar ta bar alama mai ban mamaki akan tarihin masana'antun kamfani. Ya zama kayan aikin noma na gaske a lokacinsa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mutane da dama suka lura da nasarar Kharkov. An kirkiro analogues masu zuwa gaba daya bisa ga ɗayan:

• T-25: cigaban Cibiyar Vladimir Motor-Tractor, wadda aka gina daga 1972 zuwa 1973;
• T-25A: na'ura na Vladimir Motor Tractor Plant, ta farko ya birgita jerin tarurruka a shekarar 1973 kuma an gina shi har yau;
• MTZ-50: Naúrar, wadda Minsk Tractor Plant ya gina daga 1962 zuwa 1985;
• MTZ-80: tarakta daga Minsk Tractor Plant, samar daga 1974 zuwa yau;
• T-40: wani sashin kaya wanda Lipetsk Tractor Plant ya tsara, daga 1962 zuwa 1995;
• LTZ-55: dukiyar injiniyoyi na shuka Tractor Plant: an tara tarkon daga 1995 zuwa yau;
• Agromash 30TK: daya daga cikin sababbin sababbin abubuwan da suka saba da shi daga Vladimir Motor Tractor Plant, wanda ya fito daga cikin jerin tarurruka a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.

Sassa na mai amfani DT-20

Tun lokacin da wasu abokan hulɗa suna da sha'awar wannan tarkon, na yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar wani batun game da DT-20. Wannan tarkon yana cikin iyalina shekaru 30. A zamanin Soviet, riga ya rigaya. Ban san yadda doka take ba a wancan lokacin, amma shugaban shugaban kula da harkokin fasaha ya ba da izini don saya da kuma shirya takardu don mai kwakwalwa, wanda wani direktan direkta a Lithuania ya tsira daga suturar ɓoye, an ɓoye don shekaru da dama kuma ya sayar da shi zuwa Latvia. Kowace shekara muna da ƙananan aiki a gare shi, kamar yadda iyaye suka tsufa kuma suna da rago daya kawai. Kuma kafin wannan akwai gona mai kyau. Tare da mahaifina, an gyara tarkon a lokaci daya, yanayin fasaha yana da kyau, amma ba zai yiwu a shafe shekaru 30 ba.

Da farko zan gabatar da waɗannan hotuna. Idan wani yana da sha'awar wani abu, zan iya ɗaukar hoton, gaya.

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maris_grosbergs

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DT-20 shine hakikanin dukiya na kimiyyar gida da fasaha. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wannan ƙungiya ta ci nasara akan zukatan ma'aikatan aikin gona kuma na dogon lokaci ya zama manufa na fasaha mai ƙarfi, mai dogara da tabbatarwa. Abin da ya sa a cikin lokaci mai zuwa, masu yawa masu zane-zane sunyi amfani da aikin injiniyoyi na Kharkov don inganta yanayin da kayan aiki mara kyau don aikin gona da aikin gona.