Shuka cherry da yaduwa: ka'idodi na yau da kullun da amfani mai amfani

Tabbas, kowane ɗan lambu ya san cewa daidaiton tsarin dasa shuka yana shafar ƙarin ci gaba, kuma cherries ba togiya. Akwai sharuɗɗan da yawa waɗanda kuke buƙatar sanin kanku don samun nasarar shuka da samar da fure mai launi tare da mafi kyawun yanayi don ci gaba.

Yanayin yanayin girma

Ciki yana da nasara a cikin dukkan bangarorin yanayin yanayin zafi (banda ita ce ceriar columnar - ana bada shawara don haɓaka shi kawai a cikin yankuna na kudanci da kuma yankuna na tsakiya), amma wannan al'ada tana buƙatar kan yanayin, don haka kafin dasa shuki da ceri, kuna buƙatar zaɓar shafin da yafi dacewa kuma shirya shi daidai shi.

Abubuwan buƙatun shafin asali

Wuri Mafi kyawun abin da aka dasa shine a cikin bude, yanki mai tsabta (gwada zaɓi kudu ko gefen yamma). Hakanan za'a iya busa shi sosai, amma idan zai yiwu kariya daga iska mai sanyi ta arewa. Wasu lambu quite yarda da jeri cherries kusa da bango gidan ko shinge, tun a cikin wadannan wurare mai yawa dusar ƙanƙara tara a cikin hunturu, wanda taimaka kare tushen tsarin daga daskarewa. Distancearancin nisa shine 1 m, amma idan kun dogara da ka'idodin kafa, to, nisan da ke tsakanin shinge shine 2 m, zuwa bangon gidan - 1.5 m.

Kasar gona. A cikin yankin da aka zaɓa, ƙasa ta zama yashi, yashi ko loamy. Idan baku san wane irin ƙasa shafin yanar gizon ku ba, to, ku bincika taƙaitaccen bayanin su.

Sandasar yashi. Abun da ke cikin irin wannan ƙasa shine yashi. Wannan nau'in ƙasa yana nuna fifikuwa da sassaucin ra'ayi, sannan kuma yana wucewa da ruwa sosai. Amma kuna buƙatar tuna cewa irin wannan ƙasa tana buƙatar hadi na yau da kullun (ana amfani da takin ko humus don wannan dalili a cikin nauyin 20 kg a 1 m²).

Sandasan yashi yana buƙatar haɓaka yau da kullun

Sandy loamy ƙasa. Cakuda yashi ne da yumbu, yayi kyau da lumps. Launi irin wannan ƙasa yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne. Matakan don kula da takin gargajiya: mulching, shuka ciyawar kore, da kara kwayoyin halitta (3-4 kg / m²) da saman miya.

Sandy loamy ƙasa ana kula da shi sosai

Kasar Loamy. Clay mafi rinjaye a cikin abun da ke ciki, don haka ƙasa tana da launi duhu na yau da kullun. Daga ciki zaku iya samar da tsiran alade wanda zai fadi baya lokacin da kuke ƙoƙarin yin zobe. Matakan haihuwa: guda.

Loamy ƙasa dace da shuka kowane amfanin gona

An ba da shawarar karfi don yin girma cherries a cikin inuwa da kan fadada kasa.

Wuya An bada shawara don dasa cherries akan ƙasa tsaka tsaki, don haka bincika acidity a cikin yankin da kuka zaɓa. Idan ƙasa an rufe shi da fure mai haske, gansakuka ko kayan cinyewa suna girma sosai a kanta, kuma ramuka suna cike da ruwa mai kauri, wannan yana nuna babban matakin acidity. Don rage shi, ƙara lemun tsami da aka yanka (250-350 g / m²), ash (250-450 g / m²) ko gari dolomite (300-500 g / m²).

Ruwan ƙasa. Dole ne ya kwanta a zurfin ba kasa da 1.5 m daga farfajiya. Idan ruwan karkashin kasa yana kusa, to sai a sanya magudanar kasa tare da kauri daga 0.8 m don dasa cherry.

Maƙwabta. Lambu suna da'awar cewa mafi kyawun maƙwabta don cherries sune cherries (ana iya dasa shi a nesa na 6 mm), plum (nisan wurin ceri shine 4-6 m), honeysuckle (ana iya kasancewa a nesa na 1.5 - 2 m).

Yana da wanda ba a ke so a dasa cherries kusa da:

• Apple da pear, kamar yadda zasu dauke abubuwa masu amfani daga cherries;
• Raspberries (tana fama da cututtuka iri ɗaya kamar cherries);
• Gooseberries (zai iya cutar da tushen tsarin cherries);
• currant (ƙasa ceri ba ta dace). Nisa tsakanin cherries da waɗannan albarkatun ya kasance aƙalla 10 m.

Hakanan, kada sanya cherries kusa da tsire-tsire solanaceous (tumatir, ganye, barkono) da blackberries (yana samar da ƙanƙan girma mai tsini) - a sami aƙalla 1.5 m tsakanin cherries da waɗannan albarkatun. Daga cikin albarkatun da ba na 'ya'yan itace ba, itacen oak, Birch, Linden, poplar da wasu conifers (spruce, Pine), don haka yi kokarin dasa seedling 10 - 15 m daga wadannan itãce.

Shirya shafin

Idan kuna son dasa cherries a cikin bazara, to kuna buƙatar shirya a cikin bazara, idan a cikin bazara, to, a cikin bazara. Don yin wannan, tare da digging, ƙara kilogiram 10 na takin ko humus, 100 g na superphosphate da 100 g na potassium gishiri a kowace murabba'in ƙasa. Bayan kwanaki 3-5, yi amfani da kayan ƙazanta idan ya cancanta.

Lokacin sauka

• A tsakiyar yankin da sanyi yankuna, shi bada shawarar dasa cherries a farkon spring (farkon zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu), a lõkacin da dusar ƙanƙara melts da ƙasa ta bushe fitar kadan da warms sama, amma kafin buds ƙara. Idan ka samo seedling a fall, ana bada shawarar tono shi kafin bazara. Anyi haka kamar haka: tono zurfin zurfin 40-50 cm zurfin kuma sanya seedling a ciki a kusurwar 30^{game da} don haka kambi ɗin yana fuskantar kudu, to, ku rufe ƙasa da asalinsu da sikirin har sai reshe na ƙarshen gefen. Pulla da ƙasa da ruwa, ya rufe kambi da rassan spruce. A instillation na seedlings ne mafi kyau a yi daga lokacin daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Satumba, har sai sanyi sanya a.
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  Idan kun shuka seedlings, za a kiyaye su da kyau har sai lokacin bazara
• A cikin yankuna masu ɗumi a kudu, ana kuma iya dasa cherries a cikin faɗuwar lokacin daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba, kimanin wata guda kafin farkon sanyi.

Dasa ceri seedlings a cikin ƙasa

Shuka fasahar shuka iri ɗaya ce don nau'ikan cherries kuma ana iya amfani dasu a kowane yanki.

Saukowa rami shiri

Yawanci, ramin an shirya makonni 2-3 kafin dasawa. Kayan fasaha kamar haka:

1. A cikin ƙasar da aka shirya, tono rami 80 cm faɗin kuma zurfin cm 50. Sanya babban ɓangaren madogara (20-30 cm) zuwa gefe.
2. Sanya dogo mai tsayi (1.2-1.5 m) a tsakiyar ramin don tabbatar da seedling bayan dasa shuki.
3. Shirya cakuda masu zuwa: humus ko takin (10 kg) + superphosphate (200 - 300 g) + gishiri gishiri (50 g) ko ash (500 g) + cire humus. Idan ƙasa yumɓu tana kan shafin yanar gizonku (yana da launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi kuma yana manne sosai da takalma bayan ruwan sama), ƙara kilogiram na 10-15 na yashi.
4. Zuba abin canzawa a cikin ramin tare da zamewar saboda saman zamewar yana matakin matakin.
5. Barin adadin da ya wuce kima a gefan rami.

Idan kuna son dasa cherry dwarfish, abun da ke cikin takin zai kasance kamar haka: takin (7 kg) + superphosphate (35 g) + potassium chloride (20 g) + ash (100-200 g).

Dasa ceri seedlings

1. Shirya seedling don dasa. Don yin wannan, pre-jiƙa da bushe Tushen na 3 zuwa 4 a cikin ruwa dumi. Idan Tushen sun lalace, to lallai ne a yanke su zuwa wuri mai lafiya, sannan a jiƙa su.
2. Bayan shafawa, dasa seedling a cikin ƙasa kusa da fegi a gefen arewa, yada tushen. Cika su da sharan gona wanda ya sa tushen wuya (wurin da kara zuwa tushe, a matsayin mai mulkin, lambu suna jagorantar da babban reshe na farko) ya zauna a farfajiya. M m kasar gona.
3. Sanya rami a kusa da seedling tare da diamita na 20 cm, yana zub da karamin sandar da ke dajin 10 cm a gefuna .. ieulla ɗan itacen a ɗan feƙa tare da “takwas” ba tare da jan gangar jikin ba.
4. Zuba lita 15-20 na ruwa mai ɗumi a cikin rijiyar. Idan bayan shayar da tushen wuyansa an fallasa, yayyafa shi da ƙasa.
5. Ciyawa ramin tare da humus, peat ko sawdust tare da Layer na 3-5 cm.

Tare da ingantaccen dasa cherries, tushen wuyansa yana saman saman ƙasa

Dasa cherries - bidiyo

Sanya nau'ikan cherries daban-daban lokacin dasa shuki

Babban bambanci a cikin dasa cherries na nau'ikan daban-daban shine sanya su daga juna a cikin nesa daban-daban. Hakanan, lokacin shirya shafin, la'akari da halaye iri-iri. Idan kana son dasa cherry na kai-da-kai (ba zai samar da amfanin gona ba tare da yin fure-fure na fure na wani nau'in ceri) ba, kuma babu wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyi masu kusa kusa, to don mafi kyawun fruiting dole ne ka sayi akalla 1 wasu seedling na wani iri-iri (masana sun bada shawarar kada a dasa a wannan yanayin kasa da differenta seedlingsan shuka 4 daban-daban). Idan kana son dasa shuki da yawa, to, a lokacin da kake dasa su, zai fi kyau sanya su a cikin tsarin kayan kallo.

Farfado da cherries a wasu hanyoyi

Idan ceri ya riga ya girma a kan rukunin yanar gizonku, to zaku iya ƙara yawan tsire-tsire na wannan amfanin gona ba tare da neman siyan iri ba.

Farfado da cherries da tushen harbe

Don yaduwar cherries ta hanyar harbe, kana buƙatar zaɓi mafi harbe mai yiwuwa

Kamar sauran albarkatu na fruitan itace da yawa, cherries suna yin harbe-harbe na tushe, kuma da taimakonsa zaku iya yaduwar shuka ku. Zai fi kyau aiwatar da hanya a farkon zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu, kafin budding, (a cikin yankunan kudanci - a ƙarshen Satumba) a ranar girgije.

1. Zaɓi itacen da ke girka ƙasa kaɗan.
2. Zaɓi mafi seedlings mai yiwuwa ba girmi shekaru biyu, located daga babban itacen a nesa fiye da 1 m.
3. Tona ƙasa a kusa da daji a nesa na 20 cm kuma sara da tushen a haɗa harba da uwa uwar.
4. Yanke shoot 1/3 kuma cire rassan gefen. Ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata. Ku ciyar da manyan riguna 2 tare da superphosphate (1 tbsp. Diluted a cikin ruwa 10 na ruwa): na farko nan da nan bayan rabuwa da babban itacen, na biyu - a ƙarshen Yuni.

Gaba shekara, a kusan lokaci guda, tono sama a seedling da kuma dasa shi zuwa wani wuri da aka shirya m wuri.

Yaduwar cherry ta hanyar kwance kwance

Tsarin kwance a kwance yana ba ka damar samun sabbin ƙwayoyi

Ana aiwatar da shi daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Zai dace sosai don yaduwar cherries ko cherries a kan karami mai sauƙi, amma ana iya amfani dashi don amfanin gona na yau da kullun idan dai rassan sun isa.

1. Branchauki reshe a kwance, in ya yiwu a rage shi da 1/4 kuma a sa shi a ƙasa (yana da kyau a tono rami mai zurfi 5-7 cm).
2. Tabbatar da reshe da waya.
3. Da zaran harbe ya fara toho a reshen, to sai a rufe shi da kasar gona da ruwa da kyau.

Ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata. A shekara mai zuwa, ware harbe da kuma dasa tsiran zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.

Farfado da cherries by a tsaye layering

A lokacin da yada cherries da a tsaye yadudduka, da harbe bukatar m hilling

Hakanan ana buƙatar aiwatar da wannan hanyar yayin sauran lokacin hutu. Sau da yawa ana aiwatar akan bishiyoyin da suka lalace.

1. Gyara tsirin ko kuma sare bishiyar da ta girma zuwa ƙasa.
2. A kan "hemp" sababbin harbe zasu fara girma, wanda dole ne fara farawa nan da nan don haɓaka samuwar tushen tsarin.
3. Kamar yadda harbe girma, ci gaba da spud su, sannu-sannu ƙara da tsawo daga cikin ƙasa Layer. A sakamakon haka, ya kamata ya kai 20 cm, amma kada ya wuce rabin tsawo na harba.

A shekara mai zuwa, a cikin bazara, raba harbe daga hemp, a hankali sake-bobbing shi, kuma dasa shi a kan shirye wuri.

Farfado da cherries by cuttings

Don tushen ganyen, kuna buƙatar shirya su da kyau

• A farkon Yuni, yanke matasa harbe da suka taurare a gindi da kuma fara zama ja. A cikin tsayi, ya kamata su zama kusan cm 30. An yi sashin sama a saman koda, ƙananan - a ƙarƙashin koda a nesa na 1.5 cm.
• Sanya kayan da aka sare a ruwa, tun da farko an cire ƙananan ganye. Jiƙa cuttings for 3-5 hours.
• Shirya filin don dasawa. Don yin wannan:
  • Tono ƙasa kuma ku yi gadaje a kai.
  • A kan gadaje, tono kabarin 20 cm zurfi.
  • Zuba magudanar ruwa a gindin maɓuɓɓugar (ƙwaƙwalwa, tsakuwa mai kyau, yashi mai laushi).
  • Zuba wani yanki na ƙasa mai laushi a kan magudanar ruwa, haɗa shi da humus (3-4 kg / m²), ash (300 g / m²) da superphosphate (100 g / m²) Danshi lafiya.
• Shuka shinge a cikin ƙasa, tono su a cikin ƙasa da 3 cm, a nesa na 10 cm daga juna. Sanya sandunan a tsaye.
• Rufe plantings tare da fim don kare su daga rana kuma samar da seedlings tare da kyawawan yanayi don rayuwa.
• Ruwa da iska iska kamar yadda ake buƙata.

Yana ɗaukar kusan wata guda don tushen, bayan wannan zaka iya cire fim ɗin. Ruwa, sako da kuma kwance gado a kai a kai. A cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, dasa shuki zuwa mazaunin dindindin.

Gurbin shinkafar yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau don dasa shuki zuwa .an seedlings

Idan kun shirya cuttings a cikin fall, to har sai bazara dole ne a adana su a cikin firiji ko cellar, sanya shi a cikin m substrate (sawdust, yashi) da kuma tabbata cewa ba ya bushe fita. Idan kun adana ɓoyayyen a cikin firiji, to, ku sanya su a cikin jakar filastik, idan a cikin cellar, to, ku ƙulla su a cikin akwatin tare da substrate tare da ƙananan ƙarshen.

Farfado da cherries da tsaba

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana amfani da ganyen innabi da aka shuka daga zuriya don rootstock, tunda yawanci basa gaji kaddarorin mahaifiyar.

Ana shirya tsaba don shuka

1. Cire tsaba daga 'ya'yan itacen da kurkura sosai.
2. Ja da bushe ƙashi a kan tawul ɗin takarda don hana hasken rana kai tsaye.
3. Kunsa ƙasusuwa da farko a cikin jaridar sannan kuma cikin jakar filastik; Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kwandon filastik tare da murfi. Cire kayan aikin a cikin wani wuri mai duhu (zazzabi ya kamata ya kasance kusa da +20^{game da}C) har zuwa Disamba.
4. Daga nan sai a aiwatar da aikin sanya takalmi mai dumi. Don yin wannan, ɗauki akwati, sanya a ƙasa zuwa wani yanki na moss na sphagnum (ana iya maye gurbinsa da busasshen saw) 3 cm lokacin farin ciki kuma cika shi da ruwa mai ɗumi. Jiƙa abin da keɓaɓɓun na sa'o'i 8-10, sannan matsi don cire danshi mai laima.
5. Sanya tsaba masu ceri a cikin substrate.
   

   Don gudanar da sanding daskararru, dole ne a sanya kasusuwa a cikin ciyawa mai daɗaɗɗa

6. Rufe akwati tare da murfi ko rufe shi tare da jakar filastik, yin ramuka da yawa a ciki don samun iska. Adana kayan aikin a wuri mai duhu a ɗakin zafin jiki na kwanaki 3-5, canza ruwa yau da kullun.
7. Madaidaici. Don yin wannan, ɗauki akwati ko jakar filastik kuma cika shi da cakuda cakuda peat guna da yashi, waɗanda aka ɗauka daidai gwargwado. Hakanan ruwan da aka daskarar da shi ko vermiculite shima ya dace. Sanya kasusuwa a cikin abin da ke ciki kuma sanya aikin aikin a cikin firiji, amma ba a ƙarƙashin injin daskarewa ba. Ya kamata a adana kasusuwa wannan hanyar har tsawon watanni 3. Kar a manta kasusuwan suna bukatar a duba su lokaci-lokaci, a cire ruwa mai tsafta kuma a sanyaya abin kamar yadda ya cancanta. Idan wasu kasusuwa suka zama m ko suka fara jujjuya su, to sai a jefar dasu.
8. A ƙarshen ƙarshen Fabrairu, fara duba ƙasusuwa sau da yawa. Idan kun lura cewa harsashi ya fashe, to kuna buƙatar dasa tsaba a ƙasa nan da nan. Idan wannan taron ba zai yiwu ba, rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa 0^{game da}C, amma ka tuna cewa germinating tsaba dole ne a dasa a cikin tukwane ba daga baya fiye da tsakiyar Maris.

Dasa tsaba a cikin tukwane da karin kulawa

1. Shirya kwantena. Zai iya zama tukwane daban-daban tare da ƙara 0,5 l ko akwati gama gari. A cikin zurfin iya aiki ya kamata ba kasa da 30 cm.
2. Cika jita-jita da ƙasa, kuma yana da kyau a ɗauki ɗayan da mahaifiyar shuka ta girma. Wasu yan lambu kuma suna amfani da yashi ko tabar. A daskarar da kwandon daskararre da ruwa mai ɗumi.
3. Shuka kashi ɗaya a cikin tukunya, yana zurfafa ta 2-2.5 cm. Lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin akwati na kowa, lura da nisa na 20 cm.
4. Rufe kwano tare da tsare da wuri a cikin haske, amma ba wurin zafi ba. Abubuwan suna buƙatar germination har tsawon wata ɗaya, amma idan sun fashe a lokacin shuka, toho zai iya bayyana a cikin kwanaki 20-25.
   

   Bayan an shuka iri a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a rufe su da fim

5. Bayan harbe sun bayyana, cire fim. Watering ne da za'ayi sparingly kuma kamar yadda ya cancanta, saboda tare da wuce haddi danshi, da tsaba na iya rot.
6. Lokacin da harbe ya kai 20-30 cm ba ga tsawo ba, ana iya dasa su akan wurin da aka shirya a fili.

Kamar yadda kake gani, dasa cherries ba matsala bane, har ma da fararen lambu zasu shawo kan sa. Kulawa da kuma dacewa da aiwatar da duk umarnin zasu tabbatar da ingantaccen haɓaka na shuka, wanda ke nufin cewa zai kawo muku ingantaccen amfanin gona.