Abincin da aka fi so daga ɗakin dacha: iri da siffofin gwoza girma

Beetroot na iyalan Amaranth (wanda ya kasance daga gidan Mariev ne). A cikin harshen Yammacin kasar Rasha akwai sunan kiɗan "Buriak".

Iri: tushe da ganye. Girman noma suna da nau'i mai launi, mai siffar motsa jiki ko zagaye mai duhu da nama.

Rubutun ya bayyana yadda za a shirya tsaba a gida da kuma yadda za a shuka nau'o'in beets daban-daban, da kuma inda ya fi kyau, ciki har da sugar iri-iri.

Noma fasali

Irin ƙwayar beet ita ce 'ya'yan itace da ke dauke da nau'i biyu ko uku, kowanne daga cikinsu yana samar da wani tsire-tsire. Don ƙara yawan ƙwayar cutar germination lokacin da ake girma da amfanin gona, ana bada shawara don kwantar da tsaba a kwanakin 2-3 a gida: zuba su a cikin akwati tare da karamin ruwa (ruwan ya kamata a rufe shi kawai), sa'an nan kuma maye gurbin ruwa a kowace sa'o'i 4-6. Bugu da ƙari, don ƙara yawan aikin germination, za ku iya kwantar da tsaba a tsawon awa 12-18 cikin wani bayani na acid acid (a madadin 0.2 g da lita 1 na ruwa).

A lokacin da shuka a kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa a farkon lokacin da zai yiwu, shi wajibi ne don sprout da seedlings, in ba haka ba thickening zai sa shuke-shuke su rasa ƙarfi. Tare da hanyar seedling hanya, ba za a buƙata ba, kuma wannan hanya tana taimakawa wajen ceton iri da kuma kara bunkasa iri. Ƙwararra mai zafi, don amfanin gonar shuka yana buƙatar zafin jiki ba kasa da 8 ° C.

Yaushe kuma ina aka shuka tsaba?

Beetroot shine mafi yawan al'adun thermophilic tsakanin tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire tana lalacewa a zafin jiki na 2-3 ° C.

Ana yin shuka kamar makonni biyu bayan karas. Beets so a girma a kan gefen ridge, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa shi blends da kyau a cikin wannan sarari tare da kohlrabi, seleri da kuma farin kabeji. Ya fi son wurare masu kyau, a farkon lokacin girma (kafin a haɗa tushen) yana buƙatar danshi. Abinda ke da sauki sauki jurewa dashi.

Yadda za a zabi sahun dama?

A halin yanzu, akwai wadata da yawa da aka shigo da su, wadanda suke da wuri da kuma tsayayya da cutar.

Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa kowanne gwoza iri-iri yana da halaye na kansa:

Sugar gwoza:

• Clarina;
• Nancy;
• Boheme;
• Bona;
• Sphinx;
• Mandarin.

Fodder gwoza:

• Lada;
• Milan;
• Fata;
• Barres;
• Record;
• Vermon, da dai sauransu.

Leaf beets:

• Beauty;
• Ƙarƙwasa;
• Red;
• Green;
• Belavinka;
• White Azurfa;
• White Silver 2;
• White Azurfa 3;
• Lucullus, da dai sauransu.

A gaskiya, a cikin lambun suna girma beets.

Wanne dara ne mafi alhẽri?

Bayani don girma a gida

1. Ƙasa

   Tare da yin tsaka tsaki. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin sabo taki ba, kamar yadda tushen zai fara farawa. A farkon lokutta masu girbi, dole ne a yi amfani da tsabta mai kyau, ƙasa mai kyau. Don wasu iri dabam-dabam zai yiwu a yi amfani da ƙasa mai yawa.

2. Early beets.

   Suna da nau'i na 2-3 a kowace rana, nisa tsakanin ramuka a jere shi ne 10 cm, raguwa tsakanin layuka na 15-20 cm A karshen Fabrairu - farkon watan Maris, ana yin shuka a cikin wani gine-gine, kuma daga marigayi Maris zuwa Afrilu - a cikin bude ƙasa (bisa ga wannan makirci).

3. Yawan iri-iri.

   A watan Mayu ko Yuni, an gudanar da dasa shuki na gona. Shuka tsaba biyu ko uku (nau'in daya). Nisa tsakanin rassan - 10-15 cm, jere jere 30 cm.

4. Submarine namo.

   Ƙarshen Yuni ko farkon Yuli. Nisa tsakanin kwasfa ne 7-8 cm, tsakanin layuka - 30 cm.

5. Growing gwoza seedlings.

   Amfanin - samun kayan lambu na farko na kayan lambu kimanin kwanaki 20 da suka wuce. Ya kamata a dasa shuki beets ba kafin watan Afrilu ba, kuma a tsakiyar watan Mayu, zaka iya dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa. Tare da wannan hanyar dasa, ba kamar dasa a cikin ƙasa ba, ba a buƙata ba. Lokacin da aka dasa shi zuwa ƙasa mai zurfi, tushen tushen ya rage zuwa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsawon.

   Don ci gaba da sauke, seedlings kare daga rana tare da kayan da ba a saka da kuma shayar da wani bayani na humate. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka fi karfi, an cire tsari, an shuka tsire-tsire, sannan kuma an dasa yanki don kula da ƙasa da kuma kariya daga weeds.

Asirin girbi mai kyau

Yaya za a yi girma cikin beets a filin bude?

• Bai kamata a sake kara girma ba, saboda ƙananan tsire-tsire suna da tushe mafi kyau.
• Hanyar iri don fodder gwoza yana da mahimmanci, yayin da ya kara yawan aiki.
• Beetroots bukatar alama abubuwa, musamman boron.
• Don saman miya shi ne mafi alhẽri a zabi itace ash da potash da takin mai magani.
• An shayar da kifi nan da nan bayan fitowar seedlings na beets.

Mataki na mataki

Watering

Musamman muhimmanci ne na yau da kullum watering na beets a zafi, bushe weather. Game da lita 10 a kowace mita 1 ya kamata a ciyar a mako daya. Ruwan ruwa mai mahimmanci kuma marar kyau, saboda zai iya haifar da ci gaban bunƙasa., ba kayan lambu ba. Idan shafukan ba su ci ba, to a rana mai zuwa bayan an yi amfani da ita dole ne a lalata shi 4 cm. Don ƙara yawan abincin sukari na beets kafin watering a cikin guga na ruwa ya zama dole don narke tablespoon na tebur gishiri. Don inganta ingantaccen ingancin amfanin gona na tushen, an dakatar da ruwa makonni biyu kafin girbi.

Top dressing

Dole ne a ciyar da kowane burodi a kowane mako biyu tare da bayani na tukunyar manya (kimanin lita 3) Takin mai magani da lita 10 na ruwa), yana zuba akalla biyu tabarau a ƙarƙashin kowane shuka. Yayin da aka ragu da ganye, an ba da jima guda tare da jiko na weeds. Zaka kuma iya ciyar da gishiri infusions na mullein: 1 guga na mullein da rabin guga na ash for buckets 10 na ruwa.

Noma fasaha

Amfanin girma na beets a kan wasu kayan lambu shine yiwuwar amfani da saitin inji.

1. Seeders. Akwai masu sintiri na atomatik da masu sarrafawa. Ana amfani da atomatik don cike da beets a kan manyan mãkirci, manual - domin girma a cikin gonar su. Masu rarraba atomatik suna rabu cikin inji (tare da matsakaicin gudunmawar mita 6 km / h) da pneumatic (7-8 km / h). An tsara nau'in littafi mai launi domin tsara iri iri-iri, tare da taimakonsa yana yiwuwa a shuka gonar kadada 10 a kowace awa. Godiya ga girbi mai kyau, tanadi iri yana yiwuwa, da kuma rarraba kayan dasa.
2. Mazauna.
3. Kayan masu aikin gona. An tsara shi don weeding, hadi da hilling.
4. Masu girbi da ƙudan zuma. An tsara don girbi sugar da fodder beets. Akwai nau'i guda biyu: nau'in topping (an cire asali daga ƙasa ta hanyar hanyar haɓakawa, kuma an yanke maɗaukaki a cikin na'ura) kuma tare da raguwa na farko.
5. Masu girbi Haulm
6. Beetroot masu kaya. Akwai tsattsauran ra'ayi da wayar hannu. Yi nazarin amfanin gona na noma, tsaftace tsaftace ƙasa, da loading.

Ingancin aikin injiniya na aikin gona

Yi la'akari da dalilin da yasa amfanin gona ba kullum girma a cikin gidajen Aljannah da abin da za a yi domin samun girbi na amfanin gona mai kyau da kuma manyan kayan gona.

• Wajibi ne don saka idanu yanayin: idan amfanin gona na gwoza ya fada karkashin karfi da rage yawan zafin jiki, to, za su iya shiga tsvetushnost ba tare da ovary daga tushen ba.
• Ba'a bada shawara don dasa beets a kan ƙasa mai laushi da ruwa.
• Idan farin zobba a bayyane a ɓangaren sashe, wannan na nufin cewa an shafe da beets tare da nitrogen. Wannan gwoza ba a bada shawara don abinci.

Tattara da ajiyar kayan lambu

Da farkon shuka, za ku iya gwada girbi a farkon Yuli., amma babban ɓangaren tsire-tsire za su fara ne kawai ta watan Agusta. A lokacin da ake yin shuka shuka beets a rabi na biyu na Satumba ko Oktoba. Don ajiya, albarkatun noma suna dage farawa a cikin kwalaye a wani ɗan gajeren nisa daga juna, yafa su da sawdust. Dole ne a adana beets a cikin dakin kare daga sanyi.

Cututtuka da kwari

Rigakafin matsaloli daban-daban

1. Yayin da yake girma da katako (leaf gwoza), dole ne ka cire cire ganye a kowane lokaci, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a matsayin abinci. In ba haka ba, shuka za ta yi fure.
2. Red gwoza ya fita - mai nuna alamar ƙasa mai acidic ko rashin sodium. Don kawar da matsalar, wajibi ne a yayyafa ƙasa tare da toka, sa'an nan ku zubar da tsire-tsire a kan ganye da ruwan gishiri (1 kopin gishiri da lita 10 na ruwa). Ku ciyar 1 l. bayani a kan mita 1 na saukowa.

Beetroot yana daya daga cikin kayan lambu masu amfani: yana da wadata a cikin bitamin da microelements, saboda abin da ke dauke da antioxidant, anyi amfani dashi don rigakafin ciwon daji, in addition, gwoza yana da arziki a cikin baƙin ƙarfe, wanda ya sa ya zama taimako mai mahimmanci a maganin anemia (abin da ke da kyau ga kayan lambu na kayan lambu?). A yanzu akwai nau'o'in beets iri iri, ana amfani dasu a abinci, abinci na dabba, cikin samar da sukari, wanda ya sa ya zama daya daga cikin samfurori mafi muhimmanci a rayuwarmu.