Furen kwalliya shine tsire-tsire na lambun da ba a saba gani ba, wanda ke jan hankali tare da furanni masu ban sha'awa a siffar. Wasu ma suna kwatanta su da sigari, al'adar kanta ana kiranta itacen sigari.
Daga tarihin bayyanar
Ba'a san takamaiman yadda kuma lokacin da kafewar tayi ƙaura daga ƙasan Amurka zuwa filayen gonar Turai ba. Duk da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a nemo mai girka wanda ba zai ji komai game da daji ba, har yanzu ana daukar shuka a matsayin mai ruwa da fure ga masu tattara.
Koufey - fure mai sabon abu
Duk da wannan, godiya ga ci gaban filin noman masana'antu da kuma gabatar da sabbin dabaru da dabaru a harkar kiwo, sanannen shagunan ke kara habaka. Don haka, alal misali, kwanan nan akwai wata buƙata ta musamman ga bayyanar mai girma.
Menene kamarsa
Koufeya ɗan asalin tsiro ne mai haɓaka cikin sauri zuwa Kudanci da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Zuriyarsu mallakar dangin Derbennikov ne. Sunan kufey shuka ta fito ne daga kalmar helenanci "kyphos", ma'ana "kwana" ko "hunched over". Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa duka furanni da 'ya'yan itacen amfanin gona suna da siffar mai dan kadan. Ganyen furanni masu duhu kore, kunkuntar kuma mai santsi. Mai tushe na iya yin girma zuwa rabin mitir. Furanni na shuka suna da ɗan ƙarami (har zuwa 3 cm), launinsu na iya zama ruwan hoda, ja, fari, da dai sauransu. Itatuwan fure a duk lokacin dumin - daga bazara zuwa kaka.
Furanni Kuffey na iya zama daban, koda kuwa tsirrai iri daya ne.
Yawancin nau'ikan
Hanyar da aka siffanta tana da nau'in halittu sama da ɗari biyu. A cikin wuraren lambun, galibi zaka iya samun wasu kawai iri.
Kofeya issopolistic
Kaphei isssopolistic karamin daji ne wanda ake samu a cikin dabbobin daji a yankuna na Mexico da Guatemala. Duk da gaskiyar cewa shuka ana ɗaukar ta thermophilic, yana da yiwuwa a dasa shi a cikin wani lambu a cikin gari.
Furen yana girma a matsakaita har zuwa cm 50. Furen furanni ne kadan, fari, Lilac ko ruwan hoda. Yawancin lokaci ana yin sa tare da duka daji. Wannan nau'in galibi ana shuka shi ne a baranda a cikin tankuna ko a cikin matattarar abinci.
Mahimmanci! A iri-iri ne sosai a mutunta na dogon fure tsawon, wanda yana ɗaukar bazara.
Lokacin da hunturu ta zo, furen da ke girma a cikin tukunya yana da sauƙin canjawa zuwa gidan, adana kanka kan buƙatar shirya mafificin tsari mai dogaro ga shuka ta kudu.
Koufea Dynamite
Sinadarin din dinite wani nau'in halitta ne wanda yake iya haɓaka lafiya cikin yanayin filayen lambun Rasha. Wannan halittar masu shayarwa yana yin fure tare da furanni masu haske, furanni masu ban sha'awa masu ban sha'awa. Tsawon daji kusan santimita 40 ne. Ana ta kwarara daga Yuni zuwa Satumba.
Kofeya ja ja
Kuffey ja ja mafi yawa ana noma shi azaman gidan shuki. Sau da yawa ana kiranta shuka.
Mahimmanci! An yi amfani da iri-iri a cikin kayan ado na lambun fure a buɗe.
Wannan gajere ne kuma mai matukar karamin karfi tare da furanni masu sigari, corollas wanda aka fentin su acikin launuka masu launin ja, wanda akwai farin tabo. A pharynx, wanda yake a tsakiyar toho, ya kasance launin shuɗi. Wannan nau'in yana da cikakkiyar fassara kuma ya dace da girma ko da ba gogaggen lambu ba.
Kofeya Gel
Kofeya Gelya yana jin girma a cikin tukunya a kan windowsill da kuma a cikin lambun fure a kan shinge na lambu. Shuka tayi girma a cikin karamin daji tare da furanni masu haske mai haske tubular furanni. Tsayin furanni da wuya ya wuce santimita 40. Furannin suna da ƙananan kaɗan, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna bayyana nan da nan a manyan lambobi kuma suna ci gaba da yin fure a cikin bazara. Daban-daban na yin haƙuri da iska da ruwan sama.
Kulawar waje
Ya kamata kula ta musamman da jigon shagon Kuɗin ƙasa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa. Sai kawai a wannan yanayin, al'adar za ta ji daɗi da farin ciki tare da furanni masu ban mamaki.
Koufeia yana jin jiki a waje
Zazzabi
Mai jin daɗi don yanayin kufei a cikin lokacin dumi yana bambanta daga digiri 22 zuwa 25. A cikin hunturu, shuka zai yi haƙuri da digiri 12-18. Idan an shirya yin hunturu a kan titi (ba za a kawo fure a cikin dakin dumama ba), ya kamata a sanya wani wuri na musamman ga ƙungiyar tsari da kuma dumama.
Mahimmanci! A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da digiri 10, kafet ɗin na iya mutuwa.
Haske
Ana shawarar dasa fure a gefen rana. Al’adu yana buƙatar hasken rana kai tsaye. Mafi kyawun zaɓi zai kasance gefen gefen shafin (a cikin mawuyacin hali, na yamma).
Watse
Dangane da gidan gahawa, lokacin dasa shuki da barin gida, yakamata a biya kula sosai. Yawancin lokaci ya isa ya sanya moisturize sau biyu a mako ta amfani da ruwan dumi.
Mahimmanci! Ba'a ba da shawarar shayar da shuka tare da ruwan sama ba, tunda yana iya ƙunsar ƙazantawar abubuwa.
Ba shi da mahimmanci a zuba fure mai ƙarfi - tsire-tsire ya sake ɓarna da tsayayyen ruwa.
Fesa
Bushan daji ba ya buƙatar fesawa a kai a kai, amma ya haƙura da kyau.
Haushi
A danshi abun ciki na shuka na bukatar in mun gwada da babban kuma barga. Soilasa a cikin yanayin kullun ya kamata ya kasance mai laushi, dole ne a ba shi izinin bushewa.
Kasar
Da yake magana game da ciyawar fure na kufey da kulawa da shi, mutum ba zai iya ba amma ambaci wasu buƙatu don ƙasa.
Wannan bawai a ce gidan gahawa bane, lokacin dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin filin bude ido, wata hanya ce mai matukar bukatar gaske akan kasar gona. Amma ƙasa a kowace harka ya kamata m da danshi permeable.
Mahimmanci! Ilasa kafin dasa yakamata a bi dashi tare da humus kuma ƙara ƙaramin itacen ash.
Manyan miya
Baya ga kwayoyin halitta da aka gabatar a lokacin shuka shuki, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da takin a lokacin furanni. A wannan yanayin, duk shirye-shirye don amfanin gona na fure ya dace. Dressingaya daga cikin manyan riguna a cikin makonni biyu zai isa sosai.
Mai jan tsami
Ofaya daga cikin sifofin coffees shine haɓaka mai sauri. Itace tayi girma zuwa matsakaicin tsayi a cikin kankanin lokaci mai yiwuwa. Don yin shi m da kyau-groomed, kana bukatar ka datsa lokaci-lokaci da kuma tsunkule da harbe. Wasu suna ba wa bushes siffar ƙwallon ko dala. Yanke shuka a farkon bazara, kammala aikin kafin fure.
Mahimmanci! Don inganta haɓaka amfanin gona, mai tushe ya kamata a rage ta da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na adadinsu duka.
Yaushe kuma yadda yake habaka
A mafi yawancin lokuta, ana shuka gidan abincin ne saboda fure.
Yawancin iri sun dace da dasa shuki a cikin gidaje.
Iri furanni
Ko da menene iri-iri, furannin suna kama iri ɗaya ne. Girman su, yawa a kan shuka zai iya bambanta. Amma game da tabarau, kusan komai suna wakilta sai shuɗi da baki. Lokaci-lokaci, masu shayarwa suna sarrafawa don fitar da sabon yanayin asalin fure.
Siffar fure
Ba tare da laákari da iri-iri ba, siffar furanni kusan iri ɗaya ce - silili. Wani ya kwantar da gidan gahawa da sigarin sigari, ga wani dazuka da ke fure ya yi kama da shuka da aka rataye shi da k Yearirar sabuwar shekara tare da kwararan fitila na LED.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin fure na kufei ya zo daidai da lokacin dumi kuma yana kasancewa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi na Rasha.
Kulawar Fitsari
Ba shi da wahala a kula da tsiro, amma a lokacin furanni, daji maganin kafeyin yana buƙatar ɗan hankali. A wannan lokacin, ƙarin ruwa da ciyarwa kyawawa ne.
Yabon fure
Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu don yaduwar shuka: tsaba da ƙwaya.
Tsaba
Daga tsaba daga cikin gidan abinci yana girma, amma ba sau da yawa. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙarancin ƙwayar su. Idan kuwa kun tashi zuwa fure don daga kayan zuriya, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da matakai masu zuwa:
- Saka tsaba a kan m substrate.
- Kyamata su a ɗauka da sauƙi ba tare da yayyafa da ƙasa ba.
- Rufe akwati tare da filastik filastik.
- Bayar da zazzabi na + 22-24.
- Jira tsiron.
- Kwasfa daga fim.
- Bayan ganyayen farko sun bayyana, dasa shuki a cikin tukwane na mutum.
Rooting cuttings
Lokacin da bazara ta sauka, an yanke itace daga mafi karfi daga tsire-tsire, tsawon abin da ya kamata ya zama kimanin cm 15. Bayan sarrafa tushen tushen ginin tare da haɓaka haɓaka, ana dasa tsiran a cikin wani m daskararre kuma an rufe shi da kwalban filastik mai yanke. Don shayarwa da iska da seeding, ana cire kwalban lokaci-lokaci. A ƙarshe za ku iya cire shi bayan ganye sabo ya bayyana. Lokacin da ganyen farko suka girma, kuma sababbi sun fara bayyana, ana iya motsa seedling zuwa wurin dindindin.
Mahimmanci! Tare da babban matakin yuwuwar, idan aka samar da shuka da kulawa yadda ya kamata, za ta ɗauki tushe ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Sama kwance
Ba a amfani da hanyar hada kai tare da gidan kafewa ba.
Juyawa
Matasa tsire-tsire bada shawarar a sake haɗa shi da farkon kowace bazara. Idan shukar ta riga ta girma sosai, ya isa a maimaita hanya kowace shekara 2-3.
Matsalar girma
Duk da bambancin al'adun gaba ɗaya, wasu matsaloli na iya tashi yayin aiwatar da shi.
Faduwa ganyayyaki da buds
Faduwa da ganye da ganyayyaki galibi tsari ne na halitta. A wasu halaye, yanayin da aka bayyana yana nuna rashin kyawun yanayin kulawar fure: karancin haske, kwari, hana ruwa ko zubar da ƙasa.
Mahimmanci! Wani lokacin dalilin ganye zai fadi saboda gaskiyar cewa idan lokacin hunturu ya zo, gidan gahawa yana cikin yanayin zazzabi mara dadi.
Blanching ganye
Mafi sau da yawa, pallor na ganye yana hade da zafin jiki mai kaifi a cikin dare da rana da magudanar. Irin wannan abu yana faruwa tare da tsire-tsire waɗanda aka dasa a cikin ƙasa a farkon lokaci kuma tare da samfuran furanni waɗanda ke cikin ƙasa har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
Bushewa tukwicin ganye
Bushewa da tukwici na ganye a cikin coffey yana haɗuwa da isasshen zafi. A wasu halayen, wasu kwari suna haifar da irin wannan matsalar.
Mahimmanci! Fadowa da ganyen ganyen kufei yawanci baya nufin komai. Wannan tsari ne na halitta wanda har ma da ɗan gogaggen lambu ma ba zai iya guje masa ba.
Karin kwari
Kofeya galibi yana fama da hare-hare ta hanyar kwari kamar:
- gizo-gizo mite;
- sikelin garkuwa;
- thrips.
Lokacin da mite gizo gizo gizo gizo, gizo gizo gizo zai bayyana a kan ganye da kuma rassan. Kwaro yana jan hankalin busassun iska a cikin ɗakin ko a yankin da aka shuka amfanin gona. Kuna iya kawar da kwari tare da maganin sabulu na potassium, suna buƙatar shafa furen a hankali. Magungunan kwari ba zai zama da tasiri ba.
Amma game da sikelin, kasancewar sa alama ce ta wani kwari mai haske wanda ke bayyane akan ganye - wadannan sune kwari. Maganin sabulu da magungunan kwari suna kuma tasiri wajen yakar su.
Lokacin da aka cutar da daji tare da thrips, siffar ganyayyaki sun lalace, alamomi suna bayyana a ƙarshen ƙarshen su. Maganin kwaro ya fi tasiri ta hanyar wanke daji a karkashin ruwa mai gudana sannan kuma magance shi da maganin kwari.
Idan an kula da shuka sosai, bazai cutar da ita ba
Bayan yin nazarin bayanin al'adun, a hankali, zai yuwu a yanke ma'anar cewa gidan gahawa itaciya ce mai sauƙi in ban da girma. Bayar da kyawunta a lokacin furanni, yana da daraja a hankali yin tunani game da dasa shuki wannan fure mai ban mamaki a gonar.
