Leek: Siffofin Haɓaka

Ana kuma kiran Leek albasa. Ana samo shi a cikin nau'in daji a cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma yankin Rum. Kamar yadda kayan amfanin gona ya sami karbuwa tun zamanin da.

Tasteanɗanon ɗanɗano ne wanda ya sa ya shahara sosai a daidai lokacin da ake amfani da shi.

Bayanin Leek

Leek ya girma a kan yanayi biyu. A cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi, ana girma a matsayin shekara-shekara. A tsakiyar layi, hunturu na tsire-tsire na manya yana yiwuwa tare da mulching ko dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa. Yankin yaduwa ta hanyar dasa shi ya halatta a kudu.

Matsayin da aka tattara na ganye mai lebur daidai zai iya bambanta dangane da iri-iri da kuma isa daga 40 cm zuwa mita 1. Tushen suna da iko sosai kuma suna da haɓaka. Leek yana da karamin kwan fitila na farin elongated siffar - ana kiransa ƙarya. Duddinta ya kasance daga 2 cm zuwa matsakaicin 8 cm, kuma tsawonsa yana kan matsakaici 12 cm (tare da kyakkyawar kulawa har zuwa 50 cm). Ya gudu zuwa cikin matsanancin ganye da ganye. Ganyen suna da layi-lanceolate, shirya-mai siffa.

A cikin kakar wasa ta biyu, albasa tana ba da karfi mai ƙarfi, wanda ya kai mita biyu a tsayi. Furannin an shirya furanni ne a cikin laima, inuwa ta daga launin shuɗi zuwa fari. Roduwayarwar yana faruwa ta hanyar tsaba a cikin ƙarshen kibiya. Tsaba suna bayyana a ƙarshen bazara - farkon faɗuwar rana. Tsaron kayan dasa shine shekaru 2. Bambancin halaye na shuka shine juriya mai sanyi da kwantar da hankali ga laima.

Iri da nau'ikan leeks

Hanyar don amfani da leeks

Girma da kulawa da ganyayyaki tsari ne mai kayatarwa. Ba a fassara shi kuma baya buƙatar kulawa da yawa.

Abu na farko da ya kamata ka lura da shi shine yankin da ake shirin sauka. Misali, a kudu, filayen yana sama da sauri sosai a cikin bazara, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da hanyar seedling.

Amma a cikin yanayi mai sanyin yanayi da kuma latin arewacin, wannan hanyar ba za ta yi aiki ba. Lokaci mai dumi yana farawa daga baya, ƙari, yanayi mara kyau na iya dawowa. Tun da dasa shuki na leeks kai tsaye a cikin wurin budewa ba ya aiki, ya kamata kuyi wannan ta hanyar shuka.

Kwanaki na shuka da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa

Lokacin da za a shuka shuka dole ne a zaɓa dangane da yankin, da kuma yawan zafin jiki da yanayin yanayi a cikin takamaiman shekara. A yankuna na kudanci, yakamata a riƙe shi da zarar ya zama mai zafi kuma babu barazanar dawowar sanyi.

Don ƙarin yankuna na arewacin, ya kamata a dasa shuki, ana iya yin wannan a watan Fabrairu kuma har zuwa tsakiyar Maris.

Batu na biyu da za a yi la’akari da shi shine kalandar wata. Idan kun mayar da hankali kan matakai na wata, to lokacin da ya fi dacewa da dasa shuki zai kasance kwanakin da ke tafe:

• 27-31 - Janairu;
• 1-3, 11-13, 16, 17, 23-25 ​​a - Fabrairu;
• 1, 10-12, 15-17, 23-25, 27-29, 30 a watan Maris;
• 7, 8, 11, 12, 21-26 - Afrilu;
• 8-10, 17, 21-23 - Mayu.

Fasahar yin girma na 'ya'yan itace leek a gida

Da farko dai, yakamata a zabi kwantena wanda za'a dasa shuki a ciki. Tukwane na filastik sun dace, ya kamata su zama da zurfi sosai, aƙalla 12 cm, kamar yadda tsarin tushen tsayi ya girma a cikin leeks.

Idan baku son nutsewa, to ya fi kyau ku zabi tukwane na peat na musamman.

Abu na gaba, kuna buƙatar shirya cakuda earthen. Leek ya fi son ƙasa mai sauƙi, yumɓu masu nauyi ba zai yi aiki ba. Ana iya siyan ta a cikin shagon musamman ko shirya kansa daban ta hanyar haɗa 25% na peat da lambun talakawa ko filin lambun da humus 50%.

Don hana kamuwa da cuta daga ƙwayoyin cuta tare da kwari da yawa, dole ne a lalata ƙasa ta hanyar zubar da shi da yalwar potassium permanganate bayani ko Fitosporin.

Na gaba, aiwatar da shirya tsaba. Na farko ya zama dole don mafi girman yawan germination da juriya ga cututtuka da kwari.

Babban hanyoyin hana daukar ciki:

• Za a iya samun hanzarin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar soaking na sa'o'i 24 a cikin ruwan dumi;
• Hakanan zaka iya amfani da Fitosporin don soya;
• idan kuna son rage lokacin zuriya a cikin ruwan dumi, ya isa kuyi amfani da thermos - 3-4 awanni a +40 ° C ruwa, kurkura da ruwan sanyi kuma bushe.

Idan kwantena sune kofuna waɗanda mutum, zai fi kyau a rufe tsaba 3 a cikinsu. Wannan zai sa ya yiwu a zaɓi mafi ƙarfi inji. Idan ana amfani da babban akwati, to, ya kamata a dasa tsaba a daidai, domin daga baya hakanan za'a iya kasancewa a hankali fitar da .an seedlings.

Snail Leek

Domin kada ya nutsar da albasarta lokacin dasa shuki, zaku iya amfani da saukowa a cikin katantanwa. Don tsara irin wannan ƙira, ɗaukar filayen filastik, sutura ko fim ɗin shirya kaya na al'ada da maɗaurin roba ko zaren.

Yanke katantanwa daga filastik mai canzawa zuwa tsiri, fadi 15 cm, tsawon tsayi 1. Mayi ƙasa a kanta, a hankali danna shi. Sa'an nan, a ɗayan gefuna na dogon gefen, a hankali sanya tsaba na leken ta hanyar nesa ɗaya (game da 1 cm, amma ba fiye da 2 cm ba). Kunsa fim ɗin tare da mirgine kuma gyara shi tare da band na roba - snail ya shirya. Sanya kwalin a cikin kwanon da aka cika da ruwa kuma ya ɗaura saman tare da fim. Wannan zai haifar da sakamako na greenhouse da hanzarta zuriyar tsiro. Ana buƙatar cire fim ɗin da zaran sun yi kyan gani.

Yanayi don girma seedlings

Daga dasa shuki zuwa shuka yana ɗaukar kwanaki 15-24. A wannan matakin, yana da mahimmanci a gare su don ƙirƙirar yanayin sanyi. Wajibi ne a cimma nasarar alamu na zazzabi da dare a + 10 ... +12 ° C. Da rana a + 15 ... +17 ° C. Riƙe su kamar misalin kwanaki 7-9. Bayan motsawa zuwa wuri mai zafi (+ 13 ... +15 ° С - da dare, + 18 ... +20 ° С - a cikin rana). A karkashin wannan yanayin, ci gaba da dasa seedlings har zuwa dasa a cikin ƙasa. Kuna iya sanya harbe a cikin greenhouse.

Seedlings bukatar hasken rana hours of akalla 12 hours. Kuna iya sa shi a kan windowsill. Amma, tunda babu isasshen hasken rana a cikin hunturu, yana da kyau a bugu da illari yana haskaka albarkatu tare da phytolamp ko LED.

Ruwa yana sau da yawa kuma yalwatacce. Saboda gaskiyar cewa sprouts suna da bakin ciki kuma masu laushi, dole ne a yi amfani da ruwa kamar yadda ya kamata don kada su lalata shuki. Idan ya cancanta, ƙara ƙasa. Karku bari ƙasa ta bushe. In ba haka ba, ci gaba zaiyi ƙasa a hankali. Lokacin da kwanaki 30 suka shude daga farkon shuki, yana da matukar muhimmanci a datse da albasarta, riƙe tazara tsakanin seedlingsannin da ke kusa da cm cm 3-4 Ana shawarar daukakar da ba ta so;

Wani mahimmin mahimmin abu shine girkin bishiyar domin hana samuwar greenery, wanda yake da tsawonsa sama da cm 10. Yana da kyau a yanka shi sau 2 a wata.

Hakanan kuna buƙatar ciyar da sau biyu. Na farko, makonni biyu bayan fitowar. Kuma a sa'an nan 'yan kwanaki kafin daga nutse har zuwa canja wuri zuwa ga ƙasa. Keken Kemir ya dace da wannan. Hakanan zaka iya yin jiko na Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye. Don yin wannan, ɗauki 0.5 kilogiram kuma Mix sosai a cikin lita 10 na ruwa mai ɗan ɗaci. To, yi kamar yadda watering a karkashin shuka.

Yana yiwuwa a takin tare da bayani na 5 g na alli chloride, 20 g na superphosphate da 10 g na urea, gauraye cikin adadin ruwa.

Mun bada shawara karanta wata kasida game da yadda marubucinmu ya shuka leek a yankin sa na Tver.

Dasa bishiyar leek a buɗe ƙasa

Ana iya dasa Leek a cikin ƙasa lokacin da aka kafa ganye na ainihi 4 a ciki - wannan lokacin ƙarƙashin yanayin haɓaka mai kyau yana faruwa a matsakaita tsawon kwanaki 55.

A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar shirya ƙasa akan shafin. Tono shi tare da takaddun aikace-aikace na lokaci daya, da aka ba da cewa ƙarancin ƙasa na acidic yana jurewa da irin wannan albasa. A cikin mafi karancin tuhuma na karuwar matakin acidity, dole ne a kara gari ko doya ko lemun tsami.

Leek zai fi dacewa a shuka bayan lemo, dankali, tumatir, kabeji da ciyawar kore. Kyakkyawan maƙwabta kamar su strawberries, karas, beets, da seleri suna tasiri ga ci gabanta. Ba'a ba da shawarar shuka ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba inda sauran nau'ikan albasarta suka girma kafin hakan.

A lokacin dasawa, tsunkule tushen tsarin kwatankwacin uku ko kwata. Wannan zai ba da gudummawa ga saurin tushe da kuma samar da ingancin ganye.

Ga kowane tsiro, ana yin rami mai siffa tare da zurfin kusan 12 cm, yana barin kusan cm 17 a tsakanninsu.Gajin maƙwabta waɗanda ke tono nesa daga 35-45 cm. Waɗannan sune sigogi waɗanda zasu saukaka jin daɗin shuka tsiro na leek a nan gaba.

Kuna iya yin tsagi mai zurfi, kuma a cikinsu ramuka, dasa shuki a ciki, ba mantawa don yayyafa ƙasa yadda suke girma. Yana da kyau a yayyafa tsagi tare da cakuda ash tare da humus (gwargwadonsu 1:20).

Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa

A cikin watan Afrilu, zaku iya fara dasa shuki na tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. A wannan lokacin, ƙasa tayi zafi sosai kuma babu barazanar daskarewa.

A cikin ƙasa, dole ne a kiyaye waɗannan ƙa'idodi:

• kasar gona yakamata ta zama takamaiman acidity kuma kar ta kasance yumbu;
• wurin ya kamata ya zama da isasshen haske da laima.

Tsarin jerin:

• iri iri;
• cikakken sakin ƙasa;
• taki - 40 g na superphosphate, 30 g da potassium gishiri da kuma adadin urea da 4 kilogiram na takin - ta 1 m² ƙasa;
• Samuwar dogo ko ramuka guda biyu masu zurfin kusan 10 cm

Shuka hunturu

Kuna iya yiwa alamar alama a cikin hunturu. Soilasa a cikin wannan yanayin tana buƙatar shirya da zaran an girbe amfanin gona. Ya isa a haƙa shi a hankali tare da taki. Sannan yana da muhimmanci a zabi lokacin sanya hannun iri. Kuna buƙatar kasancewa da cikakken tabbaci cewa sanyi na farko ya zo, kuma ba za a sake narkewa ba. Bayan haka, idan tsaba suna da lokacin shuka, sannan zai lalata su. Domin kada ya yanke ta tsire sosai, yana da kyau a shuka tsaba 3 a cikin kowane rami nan da nan. Tsakanin su dole ne aƙalla cm cm 10. Ana yin layuka bayan cm 20. Don hunturu, ya wajaba don rufe gadaje tare da peat - wannan ciyawa ne. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo, sai ta hau kan tudun alkama.

Kula da Lafiya na Leek

Kulawa abu ne mai sauki. Amma domin girbi ya zama mai wadata, har yanzu kuna buƙatar bin waɗannan shawarwari:

• sassauta ƙasa.
• spud, wanda zai sa ya yiwu a samar da wani farin farin - in ba haka ba gangar jikin zai zama kore;
• danshi a kan kari;
• don ciyarwa;
• hana ko sarrafa kwari.

Spud kawai lokacin da kara ya kai kauri daga fensir. Idan kun yi watsi da wannan hanyar, to, dandano na shuka yana raguwa. Bayan duk wannan, ba tare da wannan ba, albasa tayi girma ba tare da farin sashi ba ko ya zama karami.

Watering wajibi ne sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a mako, dangane da yawan zafin jiki da bushewar ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci kada a bada izinin bushewa na ƙasa kuma, kuma, musayar ruwa. Kyakkyawan sakamako a kan albasa saman miya taki, superphosphate da takin mai magani potash.

Cututtuka da kwari na leeks

Mafi yawan cututtukan leek.

Mr. mazaunin bazara ya ba da sanarwar: yadda za a adana leeks

Tsaftacewa koyaushe magana ce ta adana ta dace. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar sanya albasa a cikin firiji. Wajibi ne don barin ɓangaren fari - duk abin da ya kamata a yanke kuma a tsabtace shi sosai daga ƙasa. Shirya a cikin kananan fakitoci karamin adadin petioles. Don haka kayan lambu zai kasance sabo ne tsawon watanni 4-5. Yana da mahimmanci a bincika albasa lokaci-lokaci don hana naman gwari ko bushewa.

Ana iya sanya shi a cikin cellar, a baranda, a cikin yashi rigar a zazzabi na + 1 ... -1 ° C, a cikin zafi na 85%. Matsakaicin raguwa ya kai -7 ° С.

M kaddarorin da contraindications na leeks

Leek ya hada da adadin bitamin da ma'adanai, carotene da abubuwan gina jiki. Kyakkyawan kaddarorin sun hada da:

• haɓaka ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta;
• m sakamako diuretic;
• tashin hankali na ci;
• daidaituwar hanta;
• murmurewar jiki, musamman ma bayan cututtuka;
• ƙara murya.

Koyaya, sabo wannan kayan lambu ba da shawarar ga mutanen da ke fama da cututtuka na hanji. Tare da daidaito, kuna buƙatar ku ci shi don waɗanda suke da karkacewa a cikin aikin kodan da mafitsara.