Stapelia - kulawa ta gida, nau'in hoto da iri

Perennial Stapelia (Stapelia) nasa ne a cikin iyali Gustovye (Asclepiadaceae) kuma mai nasara ne mai fadin tsayi daga 10 zuwa 60 cm. Gasar mahaifar stapelia shine yankuna kudu da kudu maso yamma na Afirka, inda daskararren shuka ya fi son yin girma a kan tsaunukan tudu da yashi.

Distinwararren fasalin shuka shine framhy tetrahedral mai tushe wanda aka sa alama daga tushe, an rufe shi tare da gefuna tare da haƙoran haƙora, ba tare da ganye ba. Harbe daga kore ko kodadde - launi mai laushi a ƙarƙashin haske mai zurfi na iya saya murhun ciki - jan tint.

Furanni biyar masu furen fure, masu kama da sifar kifin tauraro, masu girma dabam a girman daga 5 zuwa 30 cm, fure akan dogaye, alkawuran kafaɗa. Asali, furanni masu ban sha'awa suna da madaidaiciyar launi ko launi mara kyau, amma exude ƙanshi mai daɗin ji ba gani.

Har ila yau, ganin yadda ake girma stephanotis na gida.

Da amfani kaddarorin m

An yi imani da cewa stapelia inganta halayyar mutum - wani tunanin mutum, da kuzarin dakin da yake girma, yana kashe ƙarfin kuzari, ya shafi yanayin tsarin musculoskeletal. Ba ya fitar da abubuwa masu guba.

Stapelia: kulawar gida. A takaice

Kula da hanyar kwance a gida. Daki-daki

Dankin yana da sauƙin kulawa, amma yana buƙatar yarda da wasu ƙa'idodi da sigogi na microclimate don bayyanar kyakkyawa:

Flow stapelia

Lokacin fure yana faruwa sau da yawa a lokacin bazara. Da farko, babba, kamar kwai mai kaza, ana kafa buds a ƙasan harbe-harbe, ko a ƙarshensu. Budan yana buɗewa akan tsayi, tsagewa. Furanni suna da kararrawa mai kama da firam ko lebur mai furenti biyar. A falshy furanni fused a ginin samar da wata mazurari da guda fleshy abin nadi za a iya located.

Girman furanni na stapelia a diamita na iya zama daga 5 zuwa 30 cm. Ana rufe saman ganyen petir tare da villi mai tsayi. Su farare ne ko ruwan hoda mai haske, furanni da kansu launuka masu kyau, launuka na asali. Flowing shuka stapelia a gida da furanni yi ban mamaki, amma exudes wani mummunan wari mara kyau.

Yanayin Zazzabi

A lokacin bazara-bazara, stapelia ya fi son yanayin girma mai ɗumi, zafin jiki daga +23 zuwa + 28 ° C. Kuna iya kiyaye shuka a ɗaka ko a baranda, yana da mahimmanci cewa babu zayyana. Tsakanin Nuwamba da Fabrairu, zazzabi ya ragu sosai, zuwa + 14- + 15 ° C.

Temperaturesarancin yanayin zafi yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cututtuka.

Fesa

Kulawa da hanyar kwance a gida bata hada da fesawa shuka da iska don kara zafi ba. Yana da na halitta succulent saba da rayuwa a cikin yanayin m. Za'a iya buƙatar yadu don dalilai na tsabta don cire ƙura.

Haske

Bukatar mahallatar hanyar hasken rana ita ma asalinsa ya samo asali daga asalinta. Tare da rashin hasken rana, harbe-harbe suna shimfiɗa kuma sun yi sumul, fure ba ya faruwa. Tare da tsawan lokaci, matsanancin wahayi ga hasken rana, musamman gilashi, ƙone na iya faruwa.

Halin da shuka ya yiwa rana shine wuce gona da iri. Zaka iya gyara lamarin ta hanyar girgiza kai ko kuma tura tukunyar daga taga ta kudu.

Watering m

Na gida stapelia ne mai fari fari haƙuri shuka. Wasu bushewa na kasar gona yarda fiye da kima wuce haddi da ruwa stagnation na ruwa. Intensarfin da yanayin ban ruwa kai tsaye ya dogara da lokacin girma:

• daga Maris zuwa Satumba - a cikin kwanaki 7-10;
• daga Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba - a cikin kwanaki 20-30;
• daga Disamba zuwa Janairu - ba za ku iya ruwa idan inji yana da yanayi na dormancy hunturu.

Idan shuka ya kasance a cikin ɗaki mai dumi don hunturu, ana hana ci gaba da ciyawar ciyawa kuma dole ne a ci gaba da shayarwa saboda kada tsire ya bushe. Ga dukkan lokaci, tsarin kula da ban ruwa iri daya ne: yalwatacce, amma da wuya, dumi, ruwa zauna.

Wiwi

Tushen tsarin succulent an ci gaba da talauci kuma yana da matsayi mai zurfi, don haka damar dasa shine aka zaba ba zurfi ba, amma yana da fadi. Girman tukunya ya kamata yayi dace da haɓakar shuka, ba tare da wadataccen jari ba. Da ake bukata ake bukata shine kasancewar ramin magudanar ruwa. Aƙalla 1/4 na ƙara yana juyawa ƙarƙashin rufin magudanar ruwa.

Idan babu ramuka na magudanar ruwa, ana yin lamuran magudanan ruwa zuwa 1/3. Mafi kyawun kayan don kayan yau da kullun - ba a sanya su ba, yumbu masu yumɓu, wanda ke samarwa ta hanyar pores ƙarin musayar iska da rigakafin ayyukan putrefactive.

Kasar

A yanayi, shuka yana tsiro akan ƙasa mai ƙasa-ƙasa mai daushin humus. Har ila yau, Stapelia a gida ba ta buƙatar takin ƙasa, yana fifita ruwa- da gaurayawar ƙasa tare da matakin tsaka tsaki na acidity.

Shirye ƙasa don succulents ya fi dacewa. Don loosening, yi amfani da babban yashin kogi, wanda aka ƙara zuwa cakuda da aka gama ko gauraya daidai daidai da ƙasa turf. Additionarin gawayi ya hana ci gaban ayyukan sa-kai. Ba a kara humus mai narkewa a cikin cakuda ba.

Taki da taki

Succulents basa buƙatar kayan miya na yau da kullun, saboda basa buƙata akan abincin ma'adinai ta asalin asalinsu. Ana yin riguna na sama kawai daga bazara zuwa kaka tare da adadin akalla awanni 2-3. Yi amfani da hadaddun kayan abinci na musamman a cikin allurai da masu sana'anta suka bada shawarar. A cikin kaka - lokacin hunturu, ba a zartar da kayan miya ba.

Hankali! Utasa mai gina jiki na shirye-shiryen kansu kafin dasa shukar an lalata shi ta dumama a cikin tanda ko kuma maganin potassium permanganate.

Juyawa tayi

Succulents ba su dasa shi sau da yawa, kamar yadda tushen su ke haɓaka sannu a hankali, kuma ƙasa mai gina jiki ba ta zama al'ada. Ana maye gurbin matasa bushes kamar yadda ake buƙata sau ɗaya a shekara, akasari a cikin bazara.

Bushesarancin bushes suna buƙatar sake haɓaka kowace shekara 2-4, kuma a kowace shekara suna sabunta saman duniya. Canjin stapelia a cikin akwati mafi girma ana yin shi ta hanyar natsuwa ba tare da lalata tushen kwayar halitta ba. A cikin layi daya, daji yana sake farfadowa ta hanyar cire tsoffin harbe.

Hankali! 'Ya'yan tsire-tsire masu dasawa ana shayar da su ne kawai bayan' yan kwanaki.

Mai jan tsami

Babu buƙatar aiwatar da girkin da aka shirya. Lokaci-lokaci, ana duba daji kuma a tsabtace lalacewa, tare da alamun cutar da bushe harbe. Tsire-tsire suna girma da sauri isa, amma tsohuwar iri harbe harbe rasa su adoratiessess kuma ana hankali ja daga tsakiyar daji lokacin dasawa ko sabunta ƙasa.

Lokacin hutawa

Don saɗaɗɗiyar hanyar siyarwa don dasa shukar fure da fure, yana da mahimmanci don tsara wucin gadi. An dasa shuka a cikin dakin sanyi, a rage, sannan a kusan dakatar da shayar da shi. Lokacin sanyi na hunturu yana daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu.

Tare da karuwa a cikin tsawon hasken rana, zafin jiki yana karuwa kuma ana kunna ruwa. Succulent dauki ga danniya - farkon fure. Idan babu wata hanyar da za a rage zafin dakin zuwa zafin jiki na +12 -15 ° C, to, fure ba zai iya jira ba.

Girma stapelia daga tsaba

Tsaba ta girma cikin watanni 12. Lokacin da aka shuka shi a cikin wani ruwan yashi substrate tare da kusan babu zurfafa, suna shuka bayan makonni 3-4. Ana shuka tsaba a watan Afrilu. Don adana danshi, akwati tare da tsaba an rufe shi da fim ɗin zahiri.

Germinate a cikin wani wuri mai dumi, mai cike da wuta. 'Ya'yan Seedlings sun nutse cikin kwantena mai zurfi tare da diamita na kusan 6 cm, inda suke girma har shekara guda. A cikin gaba, girman tukunya yana ƙaruwa zuwa 9 cm.

Yankin stapelia ta hanyar yanke

Don dasa tare da kaifi, wuka disinfected, petioles an shirya daga iri na mai tushe. Ana gudanar da aikin ne daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. Ana kula da sikari tare da kunnawa ko gawayi sannan ya bushe tsawon sa'o'i a cikin iska. Za'a iya yankan rabuwa yayin dasawar uwar daji.

A matsayin madadin tushen, ana amfani da yashi. Tushen da aka kafe daga baya ya shiga cikin akwati mai amfani. Cakuda yashi da takin ƙasa da turɓaya, daidai gwargwado, ya dace. Don hana haɓaka hanyoyin sarrafawa, an ƙara gawayi gawayi a cakuda.

Cutar da kwari

Stapelia tsirrai ne mai saurin kamuwa da cuta kuma matsalolinta galibi suna da alaƙa da keta halayen tsare mutum:

• Tushen wannan hanyar ta zama mai laushi, mara nauyi. A sabili na iya zama tushen rot, wanda ke haɓaka tare da tsawan ƙasa mai wuce kima.
• Stapelia baya yin fure tare da adadin kurakurai da yawa da aka yi cikin kulawa: rashin hasken rana, microclimate mai laima da gumi lokacin hunturu, wadatar nitrogen mai yawa, ƙasa mai wadatarwa da babban tukunya.
• Ana yin harbe harben kuma a tsawaita cikin kankanin hasken rana.
• Brown spots bayyana a harbe sakamakon kunar rana a jiki.
• 'Yanke mai tushe na shuka tare da bushewa na kullum daga tsarin tushen.

Stapelia yafi lalacewa ta hanyar mealybug, ƙasa da sau da yawa - aphids da ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo.

Iri shimfidar gida na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Daga cikin nau'ikan, babu fiye da nau'ikan hanyoyi 6 waɗanda ake horar da su a cikin ciyawar cikin gida:

Babban, S. gigantea

Mafi girma daga cikin succulents, wanda aka girma a gida. Kamshin furanni mara dadi ne, amma an kame shi idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in. Powerarfi mai ƙarfi, madaidaiciya harbe a cikin nau'i na tetrahedrons tare da gefuna masu ƙyalli da ƙananan hakora, a diamita sun kai cm 3. Tsawon mai tushe ya kasance daga 20 zuwa 35 cm, girman fure na fure a diamita ya kai 35 cm. Furanni suna da furanni masu launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, biyar masu launin shuɗi. Villi fararen fata tare da gefuna.

Kwallon Zane, S. flavopurpurea

The mai tushe ne duhu kore, yage tare da denticles, gajere (har zuwa 10 cm). Ganyen fure mai haske ko launin shuɗi mai haske kan taru a kusa da ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi ko rawaya. Furen yayi kama da kifin katako tare da farfajiyar katako ko ƙanƙanin katako, an tanƙwara zuwa gefan fure. Furanni (kimanin 4 cm a diamita) fure a saman kara, ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya ko daga inflorescences na 2-3 guda. Kamshin yayi dauri, basu da ƙarfi sosai.

Babban-fure, S. kaka-kaka

Green tetrahedral mai tushe sa alama daga tushe samar da fadi daji. Manyan furanni (kimanin 25 cm) Bloom a kasan tushe. Launin furanni masu launin shunayya ne ko kuma burgundy, an rufe su da silvery villi, an lanƙashe a gefuna da siffar cilia.

Ferruginous, S. glanduliflora

Bush tare da yankewa, da aka dasa harbe 3cm lokacin farin ciki kuma har zuwa 15cm tsayi. A lokaci guda, furanni 2-3 na fure a gindin tushe. A kan launin rawaya-kore, filawar da aka lanƙwasa da siffar triangular, dige ruwan hoda da ratsi ana samasu. An taru a kusa da wani kambi mai launin shuɗi. Filin an rufe shi da gashin gashi mai launin fata, da gefuna tare da farin villi.

Volatile, S. mutabilis

Harbe daga matsakaici matsakaici (15-17 cm). Itatattun tsubbuka tare da ƙananan cilia tare da gefen. A ciki akwai kambi mai fadi da yawa, zagaye daga waje da kuma tauraruwa mai kamannin ciki. An rufe tushen maimoncin ruwan fure a cikin tsarin launi mai launi iri iri.

Haye, S. hirsuta

Siffar furanni tayi daidai da yadda ake jujjuyawar fayafai, amma asalin abubuwan fure suna da duhu, ƙirar haske ce. Dogon burgundy villi yana rufe gefen fure da tsakiyar fure.