Tumatir - wata al'ada ce a kasarmu. Kuma akwai hanyoyi masu yawa don bunkasa shi, ciki har da wurare daban-daban na girma.
Don haka seedlings don dasawa za a iya girma a gida da kuma a cikin greenhouse, wanda za a tattauna a wannan labarin.
Wannan hanya ta bambanta da dasa shuki kadan daga tsaba a cikin gidana: wadannan siffofi masu tasowa ne, da lokutanta da lokuta, wanda ya danganci abubuwa da yawa.
Mu labarin zai gaya muku lokacin da yadda za ku shuka tumatir tsaba don samun seedlings a greenhouses daban-daban iri, ciki har da polycarbonate. Bugu da ari a kan wannan a cikin ƙarin bayyane.
Peculiarities na girma tumatir a cikin ƙasa rufe
Lokacin dasa shuki tumatir don seedlings ya dogara ne da halaye na fasaha na greenhouse samuwa.:
- mai tsanani da hawan gwal a cikin marigayi Afrilu;
- gine-gine tare da karin fim din ko daga polycarbonate, daga 6 zuwa 10 Mayu;
- film greenhouse a bude ƙasa, tun tsakiyar May.
Babu kwanakin lokutan dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse. Tabbatar la'akari da yanayin hawan yanayi da fasalulluka na yankin da shirin saukowa.
Menene ke shafar lokacin shuka?
Yanki da sauyin yanayi
Yaya yawan tumatir zasu dogara ne akan yankin da yanayin yanayin hawan. Yawancin lokaci, tsaba tumatir an shuka watanni biyu kafin ranar saukarwa a ƙasa. Idan aka dasa tumatir a cikin gine-gine a cikin wannan yankin za a yi a tsakiyar watan Mayu, to, kana bukatar shuka tsaba a tsakiyar ko kusa da ƙarshen Maris. A cikin yankuna kudancin da yanayi mai dadi, lokacin zai iya canja zuwa farkon Fabrairu.
Gaba ɗaya, kwarewar lambu ya nuna cewa yanayin zafi ya fi sauƙi, a baya yana yiwuwa a shuka tsaba.
Kafin dasa shuki tumatir, la'akari da yanayin yanayin damin ka. Zaka iya ganin lissafin yanayin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, don gane lokacin da mafi kyawun lokaci don dasa shuki tsaba ga seedlings.
Tsara
Kowane iri-iri yana da lokacinta mai tsabta, don haka yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da wannan matsala lokacin da dasa shuki tsaba.
Babban shawarwari don iri iri:
- Tsarin tumatir (wanda ake shuka shuka lokaci shine Fabrairu 20 - Maris 10.
- Da farko da iri-iri iri (Maris 10-22).
- Cherry tumatir, matsanancin farkon iri (Afrilu 8-15).
- Late ripen manyan tumatir (karshen Fabrairu).
Ba'a bada shawara don dogara kawai a kwanakin da aka nuna akan kunshin ba. Masu sana'a zasu iya dogara da ka'idodin Tsakiyar Turai waɗanda ba su dace da yankin da kake bukata ba.
Idan ka mayar da hankali akan lokacin ciyayi, to, za a iya lissafa lokacin shuka a kai tsaye. Alal misali, a farkon da iri iri iri na kakar girma shine kwanaki 100. Wannan har yanzu yana buƙatar ƙara lokacin da yake buƙatar sprout ya tashi - kusan mako guda. Har ila yau, muna samun lokacin rayuwar seedlings don kwana uku. Ana samun dukkanin kashi na kwanaki 110. Yanzu kuna buƙatar ƙidaya kwanaki 110 daga ranar girbi da ake sa ran kuma fara shuka tsaba.
Hasashen Moon
Hasken wata da watã mai watsiwa sune matakai mafi banƙyama don dasa shuki tumatir. An yi imani cewa a wannan lokaci watã yana tsufa da kuma raunana, kuma tumatir zasu iya girma "a cikin ƙasa", sakamakon haka za'a sami tushen karfi, amma karamin rauni. Yana da kyau ga kayan lambu mai tushe, amma ba don tumatir ba.
Yarda da wata wata, a lokacin da tsirrai ya tashi. Tsawon lokacin shine kimanin 11 days. Wannan lokaci kafin cikakken wata shine mafi kyau don dasa shuki tsaba.
Hanyar saukowa
Tsarin shuka ba zai shafi lokacin shuka tumatir ba. Babban abin da za a yi la'akari shi ne yanayin hawan gine-ginen yankin da kuke shirin kawowa.
Lokacin lokaci tsakanin tsayar da tsaba da tsire-tsire a cikin greenhouse
Kwanaki 75 don marigayi da kwanaki 65 na farkon iri - wannan lokacin yana dauke da wajibi ne bayan shuka tsaba tumatir Idan kun shuka tsaba a farkon Maris, to ya kamata ku dasa shuka a cikin greenhouse a tsakiyar watan Mayu.
Yaushe ya fi kyau shuka shuka a manyan yankuna na Rasha?
Babbar mahimmanci da za a yi la'akari da lokacin da dasa shuki a tumatir a cikin greenhouse shine iska da zafin jiki a yankin. Jirgin ya kamata ba kasa +18 digiri a rana, kuma ƙasa kada ta kasance kasa da digiri + 13. Kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da zazzabi a daren. Lokacin da rana zai iya dumi greenhouse a lokacin rana don haka a daren ya zauna a zafin jiki ba kasa da digiri +10, to, lokaci ya yi don dasa tumatir a cikin greenhouse.
Dangane da yankin ƙasar, lokacin saukowa ya bambanta da yawa, amma akwai koyaushe mai nuna alama wanda za a dogara - yawancin iska na yau da kullum ba a ƙasa da digiri +13 ba.
Ya kamata a shuka tsaba 2-2.5 watanni da suka gabata.
Shuka lokacin tumatir a sassa daban-daban na Rasha:
- Yankin Krasnodar da kudancin Rasha, Maris na 1-5.
- Yankin Moscow da yankin tsakiyar, Maris 5-10.
- Leningrad yankin, Maris 15-20.
- Ural da Siberia - ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu.
Don haka, saboda tsakiyar Rasha, kwanakin da aka kai kusan tsakiyar Maris. Wadannan kwanakin sun canza a daya shugabanci ko wani na kwanaki 10-15, dangane da yadda kudanci ko arewacin yankinku yake.
Yaya aka yi hanya?
Mataki na farko shine a shirya iri, to, ku shuka. Dasa tumatir tsaba yana faruwa a cikin kwantena daban daban. Wadannan zasu iya zama cassettes, peat allunan ko kofuna, tukwane ko kwalaye.
Peat Allunan da kofuna waɗanda suke da kyau saboda za ka iya yin ba tare da zaba ba; kwakwalwa a kan pallet sun dace tare da yiwuwar kasa ban ruwa; yawancin mazauna rani suna amfani da akwatunan katako ko filastik don ajiye sararin samaniya.
- Ya isa ya dauki kwalaye 10 cm high, cika su da 2/3 tattalin ƙasa, moisten shi da dumi, mai tsabta da ruwa mai laushi. An yi katako a cikin ƙasa tare da zurfin 1-1.5 cm a nesa na 3-4 cm daga juna.
- Sa'an nan kuma kana buƙatar kulawa da tsirrai a cikin lokaci mai kyau da kuma kulawa: ruwa, samar da adadin haske, wani lokacin tsaga kayan aiki, daidaita yanayin iska.
- Ƙari na gaba. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suna da ganye na gaskiya na uku, suna nutsewa cikin kofuna dabam dabam na akalla 0.5 l. An yi jita-jita da nau'i na farko kamar yadda ake shuka, an shayar da su, an sanya rashin ciki a tsakiya, kuma ana sanya shuka. Wasu masu shuka a lokaci guda suna raguwa da asalin tushen, amma wasu sunyi la'akari da shi ba dole ba, saboda tushen ya ci gaba da raunuka a lokacin dasawa.
Kafin dasa shuki seedlings a bude ƙasa, dole ne a yi la'akari da bukatun zafin jiki., wanda aka ba a sama, yana maida hankalin yanayin yanayi na yankinka. An kuma bada shawara don la'akari da kalandar rana.
