Icyan itace mai tsami da ƙanshi masu ba da fata ne baƙi maraba a kowane lambu. Abin baƙin ciki, yawancin 'ya'yan itace da yawa ba ya ɗauka tsawon lokaci: a tsakiyar bazara, ripening na berries ƙare. Amma ana iya faɗaɗa jin daɗin tare da taimakon nau'ikan da suka biyo baya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da, alal misali, strawberries Florence, bred a Burtaniya. Zai baka damar yiwa danginka lemo tare da sabbin furanni a watan Yuli.
Tarihin Strawberry Florence
Strawberry Florence ya bayyana ne sakamakon aikin masu shayarwa na Ingilishi a tashar gwaji na Cibiyar Molling ta Gabas. Tarihin yin kiwo ya hada da ƙetara wasu sanannun nau'ikan Providence, Gorell, Tioga. Wadanda suka gabatad da maganan Florence su ne Wima-Tarda na Dutch da Vicoda. Wani sabon iri-iri ya sami rijista a 1997.
A cikin asalin, ana kiran strawberries strawberries Florence, ana fassara wannan kalmar zuwa Rashanci duka biyu "Florence" da kuma "Florence". Sabili da haka, wasu lokuta yan lambu sunyi kuskuren yin imani da cewa akwai nau'ikan daban daban guda biyu da sunaye iri ɗaya.
A halin yanzu, iri-iri suna girma a cikin Turai, a cikin Rasha, Ukraine, Belarus. A ka'ida, ana iya dasa wannan itace ta har abada, kamar yadda za'a iya horar da duka a bude da kuma yanayin yanayi. Kawai dai dole ne ka tuna cewa wannan bishiyar bata yarda da yanayin dumin yanayi ba.
Bayanin da halaye na iri-iri
Strawberries Florence ana rarrabe su azaman nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace. Koyaya, wasu 'yan lambu na Rasha suna ɗaukar shi a matsayin matsakaici na ɗan itace-matsakaici, tun da akwai nau'ikan ripening har ma daga baya. Fruiting yana farawa a farkon shekarun Yuli.
Strawberry Florence an bambanta ta da manyan kyawawan berries.
Bushes Florence manyan kuma masu iko ne, suna yin matsakaicin adadin mustaches. An tattara ganyayyaki masu duhu na launin kore mai duhu a cikin soket. Peduncles tsawo amma lokacin farin ciki, an tashe shi sama da ganyayyaki. Manyan berries na conical na yau da kullun ko siffar zagaye ana fentin su a cikin launin shuɗi mai zafi. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne in mun gwada da m, sosai m, tare da halayyar ƙanshi na strawberries. Dandano yana da daɗi, amma tare da sourness ake faɗi.
Bambancin Florence ana halin waɗannan alamomin masu zuwa masu zuwa:
- babban aiki - daga ɗayan daji zaka iya samun kilogiram 0.4-0.5, wani lokacin har zuwa 1 kilogiram na berries;
- manyan berries (matsakaita nauyi 30-35 g, matsakaici har zuwa 60 g);
- ingantaccen jigilar kaya da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye (kwanaki 5-6 a firiji ba tare da asarar inganci ba);
- jure yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin lalacewa: har ma a cikin yanayin yanayi mai laima, daɗin daɗaɗɗan da berries ɗin ke ci baya canzawa;
- low mai saukin kamuwa zuwa tushen cututtukan tsarin da mildew powdery;
- undemanding ga abun da ke ciki na kasar gona (na iya girma akan kasa na kusan kowane nau'in);
- tsawo (shekaru 4-5) sake zagayowar 'ya'yan itace.
Iri-iri, ba shakka, ba tare da aibu bane:
- hali don yin rashin lafiya tare da daskararru da launin ruwan kasa a cikin yanayin lokacin rigar sosai (amma a matsakaici babu fiye da sauran nau'ikan);
- tantancewa don shayarwa (in ba haka ba akwai raguwa a cikin girman da lalata a cikin ɗanɗano na berries);
- rage yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin yanayin zafi - wanda aka baiwa cewa Florence ya samar da ƙwayar mahaifa da farfadowa daga baya fiye da sauran nau'ikan, wannan itace da ke fama da zafi sau da yawa.
Bidiyon: Bishiyar Florence Strawberry ta tsiro
Siffofin dasawa da kulawa
Samun babban amfanin gona ya dogara ne akan ingantaccen shuka da kulawa.
Ka'idojin saukar ƙasa
Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shuki strawberry seedlings ana ɗauka shine farkon farkon Satumba, kodayake lokacin yana iya bambanta a yankuna daban-daban na Rasha. A mafi sanyi yanayin, da farkon kana bukatar ka kammala saukowa. Babban abu shine a samu lokacin yin wannan wata daya kafin a fara sanyi. A bushes zai ɗauki tushen da kyau kuma zai fara Bloom nan da nan a cikin bazara. A lokacin bazara zaka iya shuka, amma a lokacin baza ku iya ƙidaya amfanin gonar a farkon shekarar ba. Bugu da kari, matasa seedlings bukatar a rufe idan akwai wani dare frosts. Dukansu yayin dasa shuki da damina, dole ne mutum ya tuna cewa mafi kyawun tushen shuka yana faruwa a zazzabi ƙasa +15 ° C (zafin jiki + 15 ... +20 ° C). A kasar gona ya zama isasshen danshi.
Bishiyar 'ya'yan itace Strawberry za ta yi haƙuri da dasa idan an dasa shi a ranar hadari ko ruwa.
Matsayi don strawberries kuna buƙatar zaɓar rana, a cikin matsanancin yanayin, rabin inuwa. Tare da rashin haske, berriesan itacen zai zama daɗaɗa. Mafi yawan nasara, strawberries suna haɓakawa a kan ƙasa mai yashi-sandy da loams. Kasar Clay kuma ya dace idan an ƙara adadin kwayoyin halitta. Ba za ku iya samun gadaje na strawberry a cikin yankuna masu danshi ba - wannan na iya haifar da lalacewar fruitan itacen.
'Ya'yan itacen Strawberry Dole ne su zama masu Lafiya, Tare da Tsarin Tushen Abin Rashin Tsari
A bu mai kyau ku sayi seedlings tare da tushen rufaffiyar tushe. Idan kun dauki tsire-tsire tare da Tushen bude, saka kulawa ta musamman ga yanayin su: seedlings tare da Tushen bushe ba zai ɗauki tushe ba.
Ya kamata a shirya shiri na ƙasa 25-30 kafin dasa shuki. Duk an cire ciyayi daga shafin, ana kawo bulo 2-3 na humus ko taki da aka kawo don kowane muraba'in mita, kuma an haƙa su. Ana buƙatar alkama ko garin dolomite a cikin ƙasa tare da amsawar acid. Idan kuna shirin sauka a kan gadaje, ana kafa su kwanaki 3-5 kafin dasawa, saboda ƙasa ta sami lokacin daidaitawa.
Dasa strawberries yana kunshe da matakan masu zuwa:
- Shirya rijiyoyin irin wannan girman wanda tushen tsire-tsire ya dace da yardar kaina (diamita 10-12 cm). Saboda girman girman ciyawar daji ta Florence, nisan dake tsakanin ramuka yakamata ya zama akalla 40 cm.
- Zuba dan kadan (200-300 ml) na ruwan dumi a cikin kowace rijiya.
- Sanya seedlings a cikin rijiyoyin tare da Tushen da aka shimfiɗa, yayyafa tare da ƙasa kuma m tare da hannunku. Matsayin ci gaban (wanda kuma ake kira zuciya) ya kamata ya kasance a matakin ƙasa.
Lokacin dasa shuki strawberries, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa yakamata zuciyar ta kasance a matakin ƙasa
- Ruwa dasa shuki kuma ciyawa duniya kusa da tsire-tsire tare da humus ko sawdust.
Idan dole ne ku shuka a cikin lokacin zafi, cire ƙananan ganye, kuma bayan dasa, ku rufe tsire-tsire da kayan da ba a saka ba har sati guda. A bu mai kyau a fesa shi lokaci-lokaci tare da ruwa.
Bidiyo: Dankakken ciyawar da ta dace
Watse
Strawberry Florence na buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun da daidaitacce, in ba haka ba berries ɗin suna karami kuma sun rasa dandano. Ƙasƙantar da gadaje a lokacin rani ya zama kusan sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu (a cikin yanayin zafi - sau ɗaya a mako). Kafin fure, yana da amfani don yayyafa strawberries, wannan yana haɓaka haɓakar ɗan ganye. A watan Oktoba, an sha ruwa na ƙarshe don caji.
Duk da yake babu furanni da furanni a kan strawberry, yana da kyau a shayar da shi ta wurin yayyafawa
Tare da ciyawar Strawberry, Florence yana da mahimmanci don ci gaba da tsakiyar ƙasa: tare da rashin danshi, ƙimar berries ta lalace, kuma tare da wuce haddi, Tushen zai iya jujjuyawa.
Manyan miya
Duk wani nau'in strawberry ya amsa da kyau ga kayan miya, amma Florence tana matukar bukatar su. Ba tare da adadin da ya dace da takin ba, berries ɗin ya zama mai daɗi
- Daga shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki a farkon bazara, ana amfani da 3-4 kg / m a cikin ƙasa2 takin ko humus, har ma da mahallin nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium (1 tablespoon na nitroammophoska da gilashin itace ash a guga na ruwa). Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga samuwar tsiro da samuwar ovaries.
- Ana yin riguna na biyu na biyu bayan an tattara babban ɓangaren amfanin gona (a ƙarshen Yuli). Kuna iya yin maganin ƙusoshin kaji (0.6 kilogiram a kowace lita 10 na ruwa) ko kuma maganin tafarnuwa biyu na nitrophoska da teaspoon na potassium sulfate a cikin guga na ruwa (0.4-0.5 lita na kowane daji).
- A cikin kaka, suna bayar da miya ta ƙarshe daga humus ko taki mai narkewa ko maganin mullein (1:10) tare da ƙari da gilashin ash don samar da abinci mai shuka don hunturu.
Ofaya daga cikin mafi kyawun abincin abinci don strawberries shine kwararar tsuntsaye.
Careasa kulawa
Aikin bazara na farko don kula da gadaje na strawberry shine cire datti da tsohuwar ciyawa ta amfani da rakes fan. Sa'an nan za'ayi amfani da weeding da kwance ƙasa tsakanin layuka.
M farawa tare da loosening ya kamata a da za'ayi a kai a kai bayan kowace watering. Zurfin aiki a cikin hanyoyin shine 10-12 cm, kuma kusa da bushes kansu 2-3 cm.
A kasar gona a kusa da bushes ya kamata a kwance a kai a kai, musamman ma bayan da watering
Kula da tsiro
A cikin bazara, suna bincika tsirrai, 'yanci daga ƙasa da tarkace, kuma suna yayyafa sassan ɓoyayyen tsarin. Cire duk matattun bushes kuma maye gurbinsu da sababbi. Don kare berries daga taɓa ƙasa da jujjuyawa, sun rufe ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes tare da bambaro, allurai Pine ko kayan sutturar da ba a saka ba.
Gargajiya na ciyawa na al'ada yana hana berries daga hulɗa tare da ƙasa
Don haɓaka kayan aiki a lokacin bazara, dole ne a yanke kullun gashin baki. Kuna buƙatar cire su kafin su yi girma sosai. Ba a yanke gashin baki da rosettes daga tsire-tsire na igiyar ciki ba. Bayan mun girbe, kuna buƙatar bincika gadaje kuma cire duk ganye bushe.
Don lokacin hunturu, Florence tana buƙatar tsari, tunda juriyarsa mai sanyi ba ta yi yawa ba. Idan a cikin hunturu zazzabi a cikin yankin ya sauka ƙasa -8 ° C, a cikin kaka kuna buƙatar shirya strawberries don sanyi. Don yin wannan, a ƙarshen watan Agusta ciyawa gadaje da cire tsoffin ganye, a watan Satumba, ana yanka tsire-tsire kuma a ciyar da su. Lokacin da sanyi na farko ya fara, zaku iya rufe plantings. Yi amfani da agrofiber ko lay a saman tsire-tsire tare da karshin farin ciki na bambaro.
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Strawberry Florence yana da tsayayya da cututtukan da yawa gama gari (mildew powdery, root rot), amma ana iya shafawa launin toka da tabo. Magungunan rigakafin na iya farawa nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke.
Don hana cututtuka, ana bada shawara don ƙara Fitosporin bayani (4 l / m2) zuwa ruwa mai ban ruwa.
Tebur: Cuta, Yin rigakafi da magani
| Sunan cuta | Alamun rashin nasara | Yin rigakafin | Hanyoyin jiyya |
| Grey rot | Berries mai launin ruwan kasa tare da facin m yana bayyana a kan berries, wanda ke yadawa da sauri. Bar da filayen sun zama launin ruwan kasa da bushe. Asarar amfanin gona na iya zama kashi 50-80%. |
|
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| Haske launin ruwan kasa | A farkon cutar bayyana kanta a cikin hanyar ja-kasa-kasa spots a cikin ganyayyaki. Suna kama da alamun tan, waɗanda ke gefen gefen takardar. Daga baya, pill pads bayyana a kan babba gefen. Lokacin da petioles da mustaches sun lalace, shigar da duhu duhu tabo a kansu. Samuwar kodan fruiting yana tabarbarewa. | Ku yãƙi tare da thickening na landings. |
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| Haske fari | Bar, wani lokacin petioles da peduncles an rufe su da ƙananan furucin shuɗi ko ja-ruwan kasa. Daga baya, aibobi a cikin ganyayyaki sun zama fari tare da iyakar launin ruwan kasa, sannan fararen hular wani lokacin yakan fado. |
| Kafin fure da bayan girbi, fesa tare da cakuda Bordeaux 1%. |
Hoton Hoto: Cutar Strawberry
- Ganyayyaki masu launin ruwan kasa-da alama sun ƙone.
- Tushen launin toka yana yaduwa musamman cikin sauri a cikin yanayin rigar
- Ganyen shafa fari spotting mutu kashe, a sakamakon, da yawan amfanin ƙasa na berries rage-rage
Ba a son shi don bi da strawberries tare da shirye-shiryen tagulla fiye da sau 3 a kowace kakar, wannan yana ƙara abun cikin jan ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa. Sakamakon haka, ganyen ya zama ya cika launin shuɗi ya mutu.
Ikon kwaro
M strawberries mai laushi Florence tana jan yawancin kwari. A kan tsotsa da cizon kwari, zaka iya amfani da Karbofos ko adon ruwan tumatir (2 kilogiram na fiɗa ana dafa shi na awanni 3 a kowace lita 3 na ruwa, ana ƙara 5 lita na ruwa bayan sanyaya).
Slugs na iya haifar da lahani ga amfanin gona ta hanyar cin berries da ganyayyaki.
Musamman matsala mai yawa ana haifar da slugs wanda ke lalata duka berries da ganye. Yaki da su shine kamar haka:
- A shafin yanar gizon, kuna buƙatar sanya fitar da moistened guda na allon ko raguna, a ƙarƙashin wanda aka karɓi tutocin a lokacin. Don haka suna buƙatar tattarawa da lalata.
- Da yamma, lokacin da slugs fita zuwa gadaje, suka pollinate tare da ash, ƙoƙarin samun kan jikin kwari.
- Don hana slugs daga isa zuwa berries, zaku iya ciyawa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes na spruce needles, lemun tsami balm, tansy.
- Bi da tsire-tsire tare da hydride na ƙarfe mai girma, kieselguhr da aka daɗe da baƙin ƙarfe sulfate baƙin ƙarfe.
Girbi da ka'idodin adanawa
Ana yin girbi sau 8-10 yayin da yake tono, yawanci bayan kwana biyu zuwa uku. Ya kamata a dauko tumatir da safe lokacin da raɓa ta sauko. A cikin ruwan sama ko matsanancin zafi, ba a bada shawarar tattarawa ba. Hoto strawberries dole ne a hankali, tare da stalk kuma saka a cikin kwalaye m.
Strawberries suna da yawan gaske masu sa maye
'Ya'yan itace Strawberries Florence suna da rayuwar mafi tsayi ainun (kwanaki 5-6) fiye da sauran nau'ikan (yawanci kwanaki 2-3). Idan baku da lokacin yin amfani da shi sabo, zaku iya sanya jam, jam, compote ko giya. Sosai, Florence berries jure daskarewa - bayan narkewa, dandano su kusan baya canzawa.
Bidiyon: girbin strawberry
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Na girma Florence a farkon shekara daga shuka na friigo aji na A + Na bar shi ya ba da 'ya'ya. Berry na launi mai launi (kamar ceri). Rounded (mafi dacewa daidai) siffar. Dandano mai sauki ne, ba tare da jujjuya ba, tare da kayan adon rasberi). A bushes kansu kyau: iko, densely ganye, tare da duhu kore foliage. Tun da iri-iri sun makara, yana da matukar son wass da raƙuman ruwa. Ina son jure cutar. Ba na son launi da siffar Berry.
Yaron//forum.vinograd.info/showpost.php?p=894225&postcount=36
a cikin halin da nake ciki, Florence froze, dukda cewa duk nau'ikan an rufe su da Lutrasil 60. 10%
Yaroton, Kamchatka Territory//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6991
Florence ta makara, babba, tana zuwa lokacin hunturu tare da ganyen kore, yana da tsayayyen tsayayye ga rot, amma kiris
Ladoga, yankin Leningrad//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=7393.0
Babban fa'idar nau'in Florence ita ce cewa ya yi cikakke. A cikin bazara, ciyayi yana fara daga baya fiye da sauran nau'in, fure ma daga baya, wanda ke nufin cewa furanni na wannan nau'in suna da tabbacin barin sanyi lokacin bazara. A cikin yanayin yankin Leningrad, farkon fitar da 'ya'yan itace na Florence yana faruwa ne a ranar 10 ga Yuli kuma ya ƙare a farkon watan Agusta. Babu wasu nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace da ke haifar da latti. Daban-daban Florence yana tsawan fruiting na kwanaki 10 - 15. Berriesyan fari na fari manya da kananun girma (tagwaye), wani lokacin ma m. Yawan aiki yana da girma. Kai kawo abu mai kyau. A cikin mahallin Berry yana da launin launi mai haske. Berry yana ɗan ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano. Dandano yana da daɗi da daɗaɗa, zan kwatanta shi a matsayin mediocre.
Sirge, St. Petersburg//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6991
Florence ɗan Marigayi ne mai matattaka-iri. Rounded ja Berry tare da launuka masu ban sha'awa sosai. Babu ɗan ƙaramin bishiyar har ƙarshen girbin. Bushes suna da ƙarfi, tsire-tsire suna ba da gashin baki mai yawa (wani lokacin yana da matukar gajiya). Iri-iri kamar juriya ne na cuta. Spotting ko da a cikin ruwa sosai ruwa. Amincewa da kuma rashin wadatarwa sun dace da ni.
Svetlana (Kharkov)//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-3196.html
da iri-iri ne sosai dadi, amma mara lafiya da kuma cika da gashin-baki
Liarosa, Tatarstan//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1165
An kawo irin wannan nau'in daga Jamus a 2006 daga sanannen strawberry Stefan Krege. Da gaske cancanci iri-iri. Musamman a cikin shekarar farko an buge ni da manyan furanni kuma, daidai da, berries. Amma Florence tana buƙatar babban matakin fasaha na aikin gona, kuma bayan da ya bayyana a cikin tarin Vicat, wanda ba shi da cikakken iko, ya rasa zakara. Na lura da babbar yiwuwar Florence zuwa tabo.Yana siffofin manyan bushes, musamman a shekara ta biyu, kuma ya fi kyau dasa ƙasa da sau da yawa.
Nikolay//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1165
Sun ɗanɗano florence berries, da gaske son da dandano da look!
Nadin Sadistka, Orenburg//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1165
Strawberry Florence zai buƙaci kulawa na yau da kullun daga mai shi - weeding, miya, kai. Amma aikin da aka kashe zai biya tare da girbin yalwar girke-girke na mara dadi da ƙoshin inzali.
