Ktenante (Ktenante, Ctenanthe) - na cikin gida na ƙungiyar konamental, ta kasance cikin iyalin Marantova.
Tana da rikicewa tare da calathea saboda rashin daidaituwa akan wadannan nau'in.
Bayani
A cikin daji, an gano qarfin a cikin yanayi mai zafi na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amirka (Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela), an gabatar da su a nahiyar a karshen karni na 19.
Ganye na qarfin yana da siffar mai nuna hali, nuna ko ta hanyar rectangular, tare da veins, wanda ya kasance a kan karamin harbe a cikin nau'i na fan ko launi, wanda daga cikinsu aka samo sunan flower.
Shin kuna sani? Ana fassara Ctenos daga Girkanci kamar "tsefe".Farin mai launi biyu mai launi: haske mai haske ko haske mai haske da kuma alamomi mai kyau a bayyane a cikin nau'i nau'i na haske kore, rawaya, haske mai launin fari ko farar fata. A surface na sheet ne karammiski. A gefen gefen ganye suna da launi mai duhu.
Da farko na maraice, ganyayyaki na mai kulawa ya tashi zuwa saman, rufewa, ƙasa da safe.Tsawon ɗakunan daki zai kai 90 cm, kuma a yanayin - har zuwa mita 2.5.
Ktenanta ba zai iya ba da mai ba da furanni, siffar furanni yana kama da babban ƙwayar alkama mai launin shuɗi, fari ko launin rawaya. Ƙaunar masu tsire-tsire na cikin gida a cikin farashin tsire-tsire masu kyau.
Dabbobi
A gida, Berl-Marx, Lubbers, da Oppenheim sun haɗu da abokin aiki, kodayake kimiyya ta san game da iri iri na mai haya.
Ctenante Burl-Marx
Duba Ctenanthe burle-marxii wanda aka gano a Brazil Roberto Burle-Marx. Daga dukan nau'in iyalin maranth, wannan tsire-tsire shi ne mafi guntu, bai kai kimanin 40 cm ba. Tsarin yana da haske mai duhu, launin toka, tare da aibobi masu launin kwalba a cikin ratsi, yana da siffar rectangle tare da gefuna na gefe kamar 6 zuwa 10 cm cikin girman, kuma a gefen baya - ceri.
An yi amfani da ra'ayi sosai a cikin gonar, yadawa a cikin nau'i.
Akwai abubuwa da yawa irin na Berl-Marx ctenants: obscura, amagris da dwarf jinsunan. Suna bambanta a cikin inuwa daga ganye.
A cikin irin lalata (Obscura) yankunan suna da iyakar malachite.
Ktenanta Burl-Marx Amagris (Amagris) halin da ganye na kore kore tare da duhu inuwa tsari a cikin nau'i na bakin ciki streaks. Cretante Burl-Marx Amagris an haramta shi a Belgium.
Bar dtenf ctenants isa zuwa tsawo na ba fiye da 20 cm ba, suna da kyakkyawan tsari na ratsi na launi ciyawa a kan bayanan haske.
Kentant Lubbers
Ctenanthe lubbersiana bar siffar yana da tsawo, ta harba sama. Launi daga cikin ganyayyaki ne ganyayyaki kore tare da watsar da manyan launuka masu launin rawaya da yawa. A gefen gefen foliage shi ne kore. Ganye na shuke-shuke masu launin ruwan inabi. Halin halayyar wannan jinsin ita ce ci gaban ganye a kan akwati. 
A kan sayarwa akwai ktenanta na "Golden Mosaic" (Golden Mosaic), "Variegata" (Variegata), "Snow Snow" (Snow Snow) da "Tropical Dragon". Na farko an kwatanta shi da ƙananan launi masu launin nau'ikan da ba su da cikakke a cikin duhu. "Variegata" tana da alamun launin launi mai launin rawaya.
Hatsuna a kan ganyayen sarauniya "Brazilian snow" da "Tropical dragon" suna da maƙarƙashiya, amma na farko yana da manyan aibobi, kusan rabin ramin. A kan ganyen "Tropical Dragon" a cikin nau'i na manyan sassan. 
A tsawo na sarauniya Lubbers ya kai daga 80 cm zuwa 1 m.
Ktenanta Oppenheim
Ctenanthe oppenheimiana - daya daga cikin mafi girma. A cikin daji, Oppenheim na mai shuka ya kai 2 m, a gida - har zuwa 1 m. 
Shin kuna sani? An kira Abenheim's Ktenant "babban bamburanta."Ganye yana da karfi, launin shuɗin launin shuɗi mai launin kore, mai launin shunayya a gefen baya. Rounded a ƙasa, tsawon (har zuwa 40 cm) foliage sharpens up.
A na kowa iri-iri a Turai "Tricolor" (Tricolor), a kan ganyayyaki akwai alamu da ratsi mai launi ruwan hoda.
Ktenanta matsawa
Bar matakan matsawa (Ctenanthe Compressa) suna wakiltar gyare-gyare tare da zagaye na gefen launi na pistachio tare da kamannin haske mai haske a cikin nau'in streaks.
An san kimiyyar maciji, ko cytosis na kwance (Ctenanthe setosa) tare da bristle cuttings. 
Ba wai kawai calatheas ba, har ma arrowroot, stromant, suna da kama da maƙerin, waɗannan gine-gine sun yi kyau a kusa da juna a kan windowsill.
Yanayi
Ktenanta ta fito ne daga wurare masu zafi, musamman kulawa da namo don samar da yanayi mai sanyi da zafi. Yin kulawa a cikin gida ya hada da sarrafawa da zafin jiki, zafi da iska da ƙasa, da nauyin walƙiya.
Mafi yawan irin ktenanta ana daukan zama kentanta na Oppenheim.
Zazzabi
Don ci gaba na al'ada da kyakkyawan bayyanar, mai kwakwalwa yana buƙatar iska mai dumi, a lokacin rani - ba kasa da +20 ° C (kadan ƙasa da dare), a cikin hunturu - ba kasa da + 12 ° C. Rashin bin waɗannan dokoki na iya haifar da cututtuka na tsarin tushen shuka.
Kada ku bar Sarauniyar ta bude taga, kamar yadda zane zasu iya rushe flower. Sanya tsalle a cikin bambance-bambance daban-daban yana da karɓuwa ga ingantaccen shuka. Don rage yiwuwar mutuwarsa, yana da kyawawa don samar da yawan zafin jiki.
Bai kamata ku motsa sarauniyar daga wurin zuwa wuri ba, zai iya zama abin ƙyama ga kyakkyawa.
Air iska
A cikin dakin inda mai girma ke tsiro, dole ne a kiyaye zafi a matakin da ba kasa da 55%, kuma mafi kyau - 70%.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yayin lokacin aikin zafi na tsakiya, matakin zafi zai iya sauke zuwa 25%, wanda zai halakar da shuka. Alamar farko na rashin ruwa mai laushi tana karkatar da ganye akan furen.Ya kamata a yadu ganye tare da sprayer na musamman don kula da danshi. Shigarwa na musamman mai sauƙi a cikin dakin zai iya samun tasiri mai amfani.
Haskewa
A ƙarƙashin yanayi na halitta, mai kwanto yana girma a cikin inuwa daga bishiyoyi masu zafi, yana rufe shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Sabili da haka, hasken rana mai haskakawa zai iya haifar da ƙanshin ganye.
Idan windows na cikin dakin inda ke tsaye, ya fuskanci kudancin, yana da kyau a ajiye fure ba a kan taga sill ba, amma a kan tsayawar ko tebur a kusa da taga, saboda hasken hasken rana hasken hasken kadan, tun da rashin hasken zai haifar da hasken haske da rashin talauci. Amma mafi kyawun irin wannan flora yana jin dakin da windows ke fuskanta a wasu wurare. 
Ktenanta ta jure wa walƙiya artificial, wanda yake da muhimmanci a cikin hunturu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dark da ganye, mafi inuwa-m shi ne.
Ƙasa
Ktenanta yana bukatar ƙasa ta musamman, ba acidified ba, ba tare da lemun tsami ba. A cikin yanayin yanayin gonar gida, kulawa da wani kentant ya hada da sayan mahimmin mahimmanci ga maranths. A madadin, zaka iya amfani da ƙasa don azaleas.
Hakanan zaka iya yin cakuda na musamman na nasu ta hanyar haɗuwa da sassan 2 na ƙasa, 1 ɓangare na peat, 1 sashi na yashi kuma ƙara dan karamin kara. Wata mahimmanci shine tabbatar da ba kawai gina jiki ba, har ma da ƙasa mai laushi wanda ke iya riƙe dashi, saboda haka dole ne ka duba wannan abun da ke ciki, ka sa a hannunka. Idan ƙasa ƙasa ce, za ku iya fada barci cikin tukunya. 
Kiwo
An shirya shi ta hanyar da aka shuka ta hanyar rarraba wataji ko cuttings.
Raba daji
Dalilin wannan hanyar shine a hankali, ƙoƙarin kada a lalata rhizomes, a lokacin da aka fara bazara, raba rassan tsufa wanda ya kai shekaru uku zuwa sassa da dama kuma shuka a cikin tukunya daban-daban. Ya kamata a shayar da tsutsarai tare da sassa na shuka kuma an rufe shi da nau'in polyethylene, ba tare da ɗaure shi ba, har sai aljan zai fara ba da sababbin ganye (bayan kimanin wata daya).
Cuttings
Harshen kwalliya itace leaf tare da kafa a kan abin da aka haɗe shi zuwa stalk. Raba ta hanyar cuttings kuma za a iya za'ayi a cikin fall. Don yin wannan, a yanka man fetur da aka tsoma cikin gilashin ruwa na makonni da yawa kafin a samo asali. Bugu da ƙari, za ka iya rufe gilashi tare da jakar filastik. Lokacin da asalinsu suka bayyana, an dasa shukar a cikin tukunyar.
Sakamako ta hanyar cuttings ba ka damar samun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin wani ɗan gajeren lokaci kaɗan, bayan nazarin ka'idodin Calamondin, fure, Terry petunias, currants, spruce blue, streptocarpus, plumeria, Brugmancia, Dieffenbachia, laurel, clematis, chrysanthemums, thuja, grapes, plums - kuma gidan yana cike da shuke-shuke masu kyau da kuma amfani.
Kula
Dole ne kula da irin wannan flower a matsayin mai cin abinci ta hanyar watering, fertilizing da transplanting.
Watering
Rashin zafi na wurare masu zafi yana haifar da babban buƙatar ruwa a cikin kwakwalwa, amma kada ka bari izinin puddles a cikin kwanon rufi, in ba haka ba tushen zai iya rushewa. Don hana wannan hali zai iya yin launin fuska, ganga ko gwaninta, wanda yake a kan tarkon da fure.
Ana yin watering a karkashin ganyen, yana hana samuwar ruwa mai yawa a kan launi, saboda abin da zai iya canza launi.
Ruwa don ban ruwa da spraying ya kamata a riga an zauna kuma mai tsanani zuwa dakin zafin jiki. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da ruwan sama.
Hanya mafi kyau don watering da shuka shine kwanaki 2-3, amma bushewa na ƙasa a cikin tukunya dole ne a sarrafawa.
Taki
Kula da ƙasa yana ba da damar yin amfani da shi da kuma takarda. Ana amfani da takin mai magani a kalla 1 lokaci a cikin rabin wata, ta amfani da takin mai magani na musamman wanda ake nufi da kayan ado. A cikin hunturu, wannan lokaci zai iya karuwa. 
Kada ka overfeed da shuka, ba za ka iya barin babban abun ciki na alli da nitrogen a cikin substrate ba, zai iya haifar da mutuwarsa.
Tashi
Ana bada shawara don sake gina magunguna a kowane bazara, musamman ma idan ta girma. Kada ka zabi babban tukunya mai girma don tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, zai iya haifar da dakatar da girma.
Fure-fure mafi kyau in dauki daga yumbu mai yisti wanda ba tare da yumbu ba tare da ramuka a kasan don cire lalacewar haɗari.
Kar ka manta don samar da magudanar cikin tukunya don rage ruwa mai yawa. Don wannan dalili, kwayoyi ko eggshells, kananan duwatsu masu sassauci, tsakuwa, haushi na itace, filasta hausa, da dai sauransu an sanya su a kasa na tukunya.
Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan dasa shukar shuka don wata daya, dole ne ka guje wa takin gargajiya.
Cututtuka da kwari
Idan akwai rashin kulawa mara kyau, za'a iya kwantar da mutum a cikin cututtuka ko zama wanda aka azabtar da kwari. 
Wadannan cututtuka sune na kowa:
- Tushen lalacewa - wata cuta ta haifar da ƙananan watering. Tushen tsire-tsire ya yi duhu kuma ya fara juyawa. Wannan matsala za a iya shafe ta ta yanyancin tushen cututtuka ta spraying Bordeaux ruwa, colloidal sulfur, cuproxate. Wani lokaci wani bayani na potassium permanganate ko jan karfe sulfate taimaka.
- Mealy dew - waxannan cututtukan ganye suna powdered tare da gari. Jiyya yana kunshe da spraying tare da benomyl, teofanate-méthyl, da wuya tare da sabulu da soda.
- Black naman gwari (baƙar fata) - yayin da ake ganin itacen yana rufe shi da soot. Zai yiwu a tsayar da irin wannan naman gwari ta wanke wuraren da aka shafa tare da sabulu da kuma magance shi tare da magungunan kwari.
- Rust - wannan cututtuka yana halin da ake gani da launin tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle-tsalle tare da rash a gefen baya. Daga wannan cututtuka zai iya taimakawa masu fukaci ko Bordeaux cakuda.
- Sakamakon launi - rigar rigar tare da iyakokin iyakoki da suka tashi daga daukan hotuna zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye ko kuma raguwa.
Magungunan kwayoyin da ke cutar da ktenante sune:- Gizo-gizo mite - cobwebs ganye da stalks. Kunna takardar, za ku ga launin ruwan kasa. Barasa, wanda yake buƙatar lalata wuraren da aka kamu, zai taimaka wajen hallaka shi.
- Scutellum - zagaye kwari na launin ruwan kasa launin ruwan kasa, wanda dole ne a cire ta hanyar zalunta shi da turpentine, lube ko kerosene. Ya kamata a wanke injin.
- Whitefly shi ne babban farar fata mai haske wanda ya ci injin. Zaka iya kawar da su tare da fumigator, m tef, albasa ko tafarnuwa ruwa.
- Mealybug - wani kwari-mai kwari-kwari mai laushi tare da fararen patina. Zaka iya kawar da shi ta shafa tare da sabulu ko bayani mai maye, ko amfani da sunadarai na musamman.
- Aphids ƙananan kwari ne waɗanda suka zo cikin launi daban-daban, suna zaune daga bayan bishiyoyi. Za ku iya yin yaki da su kamar wani mealybird.
Matsalolin da suka yiwu
Kuna iya haɗu da irin waɗannan matsalolin lokacin da kake girma da kwari:
- Ganye ya bushe da ninka. Watakila iska a cikin dakin ya bushe sosai, yana da muhimmanci don yada furen.
- Spots a kan ganye. Dalili shine faɗakarwa zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye ko ruwa. Cire fure daga taga ko rufe gilashi tare da labule. Lokacin da ruwa da ruwa a kan qutennant, kauce wa ruwa a kan ganye.
- Leaf rot - yana faruwa ne saboda fasalin. Kada ku sanya shuka akan windowsill.
- Girman girma tsire-tsire saboda rashin haske. Ka yi ƙoƙarin motsa Sarauniyar zuwa wani, mafi ɗakunan haske.
