Itacen itacen bishiya ba shi da ƙaranci fiye da itacen apple, itace tsakanin itatuwan lambu, kuma ba'a samu a cikin lambuna ba.
'Ya'yan itacen Pear suna da dadi, akwai nau'o'in iri-iri tare da taushi mai laushi, kuma akwai wasu mawuyacin hali, akwai nau'o'in rani, kuma akwai hunturu.
A wasu lokuta, pears an tsage su har yanzu suna kore, kuma an bar su su zama sunyi har sai bazara, kuma an adana su, an yayyafa su tare da sawdust, a cikin kwalaye na katako.
Daɗin dandalin pear ya canza, ya zama mafi m, mai taushi da mai dadi.
Ana shuka itatuwan furo da yawa a cikin bazara, amma dasa shuki yana da masu bin tafarkin. Ka yi la'akari da muhawararsu.
Menene amfani da dasa shuki a cikin kaka?
Makullin zuwa babban yawan amfanin ƙasa na pears shi ne daidai dasa na seedlings. Kwanci lafiya dace da disembarkation iri, kuma wannan yana da nasa dalilai.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da shi na dasa shuki a cikin fall sun hada da:
- Kwanci dauke mafi mafi kyau lokaci shekaru don zaɓin seedlings pears A wannan lokaci, suna da tushen tsarin tushen, kuma itace ya tsufa.
- Yana cikin lokacin kaka cewa akwai babban zaɓi na nau'in nau'in pear, kuma farashin su ya fi ƙasa a cikin bazara. Har ila yau, an karbi tsirrai da sauri.
- Hanyoyi na saya pear seedlings da suka riga daya ko shekaru biyu suna karuwa. An fi yarda da su a sabuwar wuri.
- Duniya da iska suna da dumi a lokacin kaka, kuma seedlings suna da sauri.
- Kayan da aka dasa a cikin kaka yana tsiro kuma yana tasowa.
A lokacin da kuma yadda za a shuka kaya
Mafi kyau saukowa kwanakin pears a kaka a tsakiyar watan Satumba, farkon rabin Oktobakafin farkon sanyi. Da farko, mirgine rami a gaba, kuma shirya rami don dasa shuki pears.
Zaku iya shuka seedlings kuma ba tare da digging dasa rami ba. Don haka, a wurin da pear ya yi girma, ƙananan ƙananan zai sanya girman tsarin tushen bishiyar.
A cikin ƙasa, wanda ba shi da wadataccen abinci a cikin abubuwan gina jiki, tono da shirya dasa rami. Yawanta kusan kusan 100 cm ne, kuma zurfinta yana da 60 cm. Ramin ya cika da humus, ash ash, superphosphate, ƙasa mai ban sha'awa, da kan bangon da suke yin ƙananan ƙarewa.
Lokacin da aka dasa bishiyoyi, ana ambaliya. Don kare asalinsu, don lokacin hunturu, ƙasa ta kusa da rami an rufe shi da peat da takin. Sa'an nan kuma don ƙarfafa tushen tsarin, kusa da bukatar seedling guduma a peg da kuma ɗaure wani ƙananan bishiyoyi da igiya.
Mun zabi ƙasa kuma muyi daidai
Dasa tsire-tsire a cikin rami ya fara da zabar wuri mai kyau da ƙasa don makomar itace. Pear ya kamata girma nan da nan a cikin wuri na dindindin, ba ta son dashi.
Pear yana son dumi da kuma jin tsoron sanyi. Saboda haka, wuri mafi kyau ga pear seedlings zai zama kudancin ko kudu maso gabashin gonar ko gida. Ya kamata bushe, dumi, da hasken rana. Kada ka bayar da shawarar dasa bishiyoyi inda akwai zane-zane da iska mai karfi.
Duniya kafin dasa shuki pear seedlings wajibi ne ragewa, ya kamata a raba ruwa da oxygen sauƙi. Ana dasa bishiyoyi a nesa da mita 3 daga juna. Ya kamata a lura cewa pear yana da tsari mai karfi, sabili da haka, an shawarci shuka shi akalla mita 3 daga kowane gine-gine, wanda hakan ya haifar da inuwa mai yawa.
Don mafi alhẽri pollination na furanni, 2-3 daban-daban iri pear ana shuka su ne. Ba a dasa Pear a kan yashi, da kuma ruwa mai laushi ba.
Kafin dasa shuki da pears, dole ne a hadu da ƙasa.
Don yin wannan, amfani da peat, kogin yashi, kazalika da takin gargajiya ko taki. Na farko, duk sun warwatse a gonar, sannan kuma suyi sama, yayin da kasar gona ta bushe. Game da wani yanki na kimanin 6 square amfani da 1 cube na taki (wani Layer na takin ne 20 cm) + 1 cube na yashi (zuba a Layer na 15 cm). Har ila yau kana bukatar ka kara ma'adinai mai ma'adinai.
An shawarar yin amfani da lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa, i.e. ƙasa ragewa. Amma wani lokaci, masu bayar da shawarar sun bada shawara cewa ya fi kyau barin ƙwayar acidic kadan fiye da cika shi da liming. A kan albarkatun ƙasa sun samu chlorosis.
Amma amfanin gona mafi kyau, domin kasar gona ta zama mai kyau, sauƙi bari iska da ruwa ta shiga, su ne tsire-tsire, za a iya kawo su daga ƙasa daga cikin gandun daji ko kuma a haye a wurin da ake ci gaba da dima.
Kula yana da matukar muhimmanci ga girbi.
Pear kula bayan dasa ba abu ne mai wuyar gaske ba, kuma yana da ɗan kama da kulawar apple.
Barrel pears buƙatar ɗaukaAn shawarci yin wannan hanya sau biyu a shekara. Whitewashing taimaka kare itacen daga kunar rana a jiki, kuma, yana aiki a matsayin mai ban mamaki kwaro magani, lemun tsami konewa wasu nau'in kwari.
Don lokacin hunturu itatuwa suna buƙata don dumiDon haka zaka iya amfani da rufi. Shirye-shiryen itace don hibernation yana faruwa a cikin jerin masu zuwa:
- A ƙarƙashin itacen mai tsaftace dukkan ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka rushe. Ba za ku iya barin su ba, a cikin ɓataccen pears ci gaba da wasu kwari.
- Gudun rassan, idan akwai, an lafa shi da shears, dole ne a lubricate yankunan da katako da barb.
- An lalace, fashewar tsabtace tsabtace itacen, kana buƙatar barin wuraren lafiya kawai.
- Wani muhimmin mahimmanci shi ne kare kare itacen daga mice da hares.
Abin da takin mai magani don amfani
Yawan taki da za a yi amfani da shi ya dogara da yanayin bishiyar. A cikin shekarar farko rayuwar itace takin mai magani ba saAn bada shawara don fara daga shekara ta biyu na dasa shuki seedling. Ciyar da pears yi a cikin fall da spring.
Ma'adinai da takin mai magani ana amfani da shi a kowace shekara, a lokacin kaka, kuma an gabatar da kwayoyin a kowace shekara uku. An yi tsattsauran hanyoyi a kusa da itacen, kuma an zuba humus, urea da potassium chloride cikin shi. Har ila yau, an kara, tare da ƙasa, na farko phosphate-potassium, sa'an nan kuma takin gargajiya, kuma don mafi kyau sakamako, duk abin da dole ne a dug up.
A cikin kakaba ma Nisrogen takin mai magani ba za a iya amfani da shi ba., kamar yadda suke shafar yawan ci gaban daji, wanda a wannan lokacin ya riga ya shirya don hibernation.
Bayani shawarwari
Wani itace kamar na pear yi dogon ba tare da ruwa ba kuma isa sauƙin magance fariamma ruwa duk da haka nasa kyawawa. An bada shawarar cewa kasar gona inda tsire-tsire ke girma, ya kasance a cikin ƙasa mara kyau. Ba za mu iya barin yiwuwar sauyawa daga fari zuwa ƙasa mai yadu ba, wani lokaci wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa da wasu nau'i na pears fara crack.
Ga pears akwai watering wateringshi ke nan 2 buckets don shekara guda na rayuwa itace, i.e. A kowace shekara muna ƙara 2 buckets na ruwa. Wata rudar ruwa ta ruwa shi ne cewa ya kamata a shayar da pear ba kusa da kututture ba, amma ƙarƙashin kambi, tun da akwai mafi yawan tushen, ta hanyar abin da yake ba da lada mai rai.
Tsarin da ke kusa da itacen yana buƙatar a ci gaba. duk abin da kuke da shi a gida, kowane abu. Wannan na iya zama takarda, sawdust, sharan gona. Dole ne a tabbatar da cewa kasar gona a kusa da itacen yana da kullun, ba tare da weeds, kuma ba ya bushe.
Ga watering pears yi amfani da tsarin sprinkler.. Wannan shi ne lokacin da ruwa ya shiga cikin itace ta wurin mai laushi na musamman, tare da babban adadin ƙananan ramuka, yana tunawa da ainihin ruwan sama.
Wata hanya ta shayar da pear shine ruwa ta wurin tsaunuka a kusa da gangar jikin, nisan su ya zama kusan 15-20 cm.
Watering mita ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, yawanci 2-3 buckets a kowace shekara isa, amma a cikin zafin rana za ka iya zuba 'yan karin sau.
Ruwa ya kamata ya kasance kusa da gefe da kuma bayan, tun da akwai tushen asali, kuma ba kusa da ganga ba.
Yadda za a tsabtace pears
Pruning na itatuwa aka gudanar a spring kuma bayan dasa shuki da seedlings, i.e. a cikin kaka. A cikin bazara daga itace yanke frost branchesten rassan da wa] annan rassan da aka lalace, amma ba a lura da su ba a cikin fall. Ana cire rassan sau biyu a shekara, zaka iya ajiyewa da kuma samar da kambi daidai, zaka iya rabu da wasu kwari.
Farawa na farko da aka lalata bishiya ya riga ya fara daga shekaru biyu. Cire ƙananan harbe, yana da mahimmanci don rage rassan shekara-shekara, akalla 1/3 na tsawon asali. Lokacin da kaciya, yana da kyawawa don samar da kambi na pyramidal. Ba za a iya fadada shi ba, saboda wannan zai iya rinjayar girbi na gaba. Yanke rassan kuna ƙonewa, don kawar da cutar.
Muna kare itacen daga kwari
Babban kwari na pears ne:
- Kayan 'ya'yan itace. Yana ciyarwa a kan bishiyoyi, wanda zai sa ganye ta fada ba tare da wata ba.
- Leafbolts ne caterpillars da suka ci ganye, furanni, da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
- Medianitsa, kama da aphid. Suna zaune cikin kodan, kuma suna sha ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Medyanitsa yana samar da ruwan 'ya'yan zuma, wanda take kaiwa zuwa gluing inflorescences.
- Weevils. Irin wannan bug da ke cin 'ya'yan itacen.
- Mai cin abinci apple-flowered, har yanzu a cikin tsalle-tsalle, yana ci a cikin inflorescence, wanda bai riga ya canza ba tukuna, wanda ke nufin ba'a riga an gurfanar da shi ba. Adult beetle ci ganye.
- Kwaro na Pear - mafi yawan cututtuka masu cin nama wanda ke cin dukan amfanin gona.
Don yin amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta musamman sunadaraicewa yana buƙatar yin bishiyoyi. Alal misali, daga tsotse aka yadu da fufanon ko inta-vir. Kuma ganye da cutar tare da mite, ƙone.
Cututtuka na kowa
Mafi yawan cututtuka da cututtukan da suke iya haifar da su shine:
- Scab. Da gaske fara farawa a cikin bazara. Wata launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa yana bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, kuma ganyayyaki suna fara fadawa.
- Fruit rot. A kan pear yana nuna launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, yana dauke da iska, yana shafe wasu bishiyoyi.
- Rust. Yana nufin cutar cututtuka. A cikin ganyayyaki suna da siffofin da ke kama da tsatsa.
- Mealy dew. Yana rinjayar kusan dukkanin shuka: furanni, harbe, ganye, buds. Ya fara da bayyanar wani foda, datti mai laushi, sa'an nan an ɗaure shi a launin ruwan kasa, wanda zai kai ga samuwar dige baki.
- Ƙwayar naman fata tana nuna kansa a cikin nau'i na baki a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyayyaki na pear.
Har ila yau yana da sha'awa a karanta game da irin pears ga Urals.
A lokacin rani, daga cututtuka, bishiyoyi bi da tare da urea ko blue vitriol.
Amma, ya kamata a tuna da mulkin zinariya, ya fi kyau a yi gargadi ga kowane cuta ko bayyanar kwari fiye da yadda za a magance su daga baya, kuma tare da bayyanar alamun farko, nan da nan fara magani.
