Irises suna da kyau tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ba tare da damuwa da su ba. Amma mafi tsaftacewa, sleeker da iri-iri, yawancin abu ne a kan yanayin da ake tsare kuma mafi girma shine yiwuwar cutar ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka. Idan muka girma irin wannan yanayi, to dole ne mu bi ka'idodin aikin gona. Daga wannan labarin za ku koyi manyan mawuyacin rashin lafiya na masu kisa, da hanyoyin da za a hana cututtuka, magance ƙwayoyin cuta da hanyoyi don bi da waɗannan launi.
Shin kuna sani? Mutanen Slavic suna da irin wadannan nau'ikan suna a matsayin "pivnik" ("kullun" a cikin Ukrainian), "kasatik" (ya bar kamara), da kuma "perunika" (bayan tsohon tsohon Slavonic god Perun).
Yadda za a magance magunguna irises
Babban yanayin ci gaban lafiya da kuma rashin kwari a cikin irises shine kiyaye ka'idodin tsirrai da tsinkayen furanni a lokacin girma.
Tushen (albasa) mite
Yana lalata ba kawai irises ba, amma har da wasu wasu tsire-tsire bulbous. Wannan ƙwayar yana da ƙuƙwalwa, jiki mai tsabta da ƙwayoyin hannu guda takwas, wanda zai iya yin kwanciya 800 a kowace kakar. Don hanzari, haifuwa mai tsanani, mite na tushen yana buƙatar ruwan sha (mafi kusan 60%) da yanayi mai dumi. Yawancin lokaci yana rinjayar shuke-shuke da kamuwa da wasu kwari. Yin shiga cikin tushen tsarin, shi yana cikin ɓarna daga tushen ko a tsakanin Sikeli. Saboda wannan, tushen rots, kuma launi ya zama rawaya. A lokacin da yake haɗuwa da kayan dasa kayan, ya bushe.
A matsayin hanyar gwagwarmaya, yi amfani da digin gadon filawa a cikin fall, tabbatar da cire rhizomes har yanzu ba a rushe shi ba da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsayar da kwanakin dasa. Yana da kyau ga waɗannan furanni don zaɓar wani wuri a kusa da gadon karamin. Dole ne a tsabtace ajiyar kwanciyar hankali tare da ƙwararrun sulfur na musamman, kuma a kwarara kwararan da kansu a ~ 36 ° C kuma a zuba su tare da alli (20 g da 1 kg). Kafin dasa shuki, kuma yi amfani da lakabi mai daraja don bi da kwararan fitila.
A lokacin girma kakar, lura da irises daga wadannan kwari ya shafi spraying tare da bayani na 0.1% Rogora, 0.2% Trichlormetaphos, 0.2-0.3% Karbofos, ko watering 0.2% Keltan, Rogor "da" Chlorofos ". An kuma yarda da ruwa da ƙasa tare da kwari.
Albasa nematodes
Wannan ƙwayar cuta ne mai hatsari ba kawai irises ba, har ma da albarkatu masu yawa. Wannan kututturer fararen 1.5mm na tasiri tsaba da shuka kwararan fitila, zai iya tsira da shekaru masu yawa na fari, amma yana buƙatar ƙasa mai kyau don rarraba rarraba. Wannan abincin na yau da kullum game da ruwan 'ya'yan iris, da jinkirta ci gaban su, wanda zai haifar da samuwa da furanni da kumbura.
Kamar yadda yaki da mite tushen, yana da muhimmanci don gurɓata ajiya kuma ya bushe albasarta. Don dasa shuki dasa wuri kusa da karas. Amfani da lalacewa zai halaka qwai da larvae na nematodes. Yi la'akari da watering tare da ammoniya ruwa da ƙasa magani tare da urea.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku dasa iris a wuri ɗaya na shekaru da yawa. A lokacin ajiya, zafi bai wuce 70% ba.
Mayu ƙwaro
Wadannan larvae na cockchafer sun kasance a cikin ƙasa har tsawon shekaru. Suna gnaw tushen irises. Mafi kyawun duk yana taimakawa wajen cire ƙwaƙwalwar ƙira a lokacin da ake yin digiri mai zurfi. Kuma tun da za'a iya gano su a cikin taki, kafin yin takin gargajiya a ƙasa, yana da daraja sifting da kuma cire dukan larvae. Domin yaki kuma yana amfani da tarko da kuma gabatarwar ammoniya mai ciwo.
Medvedka
Medvedka yana da nau'i-nau'i nau'i-nau'i biyu, fure-faye da ƙananan jaws. Yana gna da tushen da mai tushe. Musamman hatsari ga bearded irises. Don kare kariya, yi zurfi cikin ƙasa, amfani da tarko. A cikin idon ruwa, sanya shinge, plywood, da dai sauransu a kan mãkirci.Wannan kwari zai zura a ƙarƙashin su, kuma kuna buƙatar duba irin waɗannan tarko kuma ku halakar da kwari. Ko sanya kananan dung heaps, inda shugabannin zasu sa qwai, kuma zaka iya tara kwari.
A cikin kaka, mirgine ramukan rabin mita kuma cika su da taki. Medvedka zuwa can domin hunturu. Kuma da zarar ragowar suka zo, dole ne a jefa katako daga cikin rami. Wannan zai haifar da mutuwar kwaro. Amfani da tarin ruwa yana yiwuwa. Don yin wannan, cika kwalba da ruwa, amma ba har zuwa karshen ba, amma tare da raguwa na 10 cm kuma kuyi su cikin ƙasa. Lokaci-lokaci duba cikin tarkon kuma halakar da kwari da aka kama a can.
Kwanakin hunturu
Ya sau da yawa yana ciwo a kan ƙasa mai tsabta. A sakamakon aikinsa, mai tushe ya rabu, rafin ya zama rawaya kuma ya rabu. Bugu da kari, caterpillars scoops iya lalata tushen tsarin, wanda aka sa'an nan kuma sauƙin shafi cuta. A lokacin da daskarar da aka kori a kan ƙananan ƙananan hanyoyi a matakin kasa zai zama sananne.
Don halakar da tsintsiya, yi ta zurfi da kuma yaduwa ƙasa lokaci-lokaci. A farkon kakar girma, tofawa tare da bayani na 10 na Karbofos kuma maimaita hanya bayan mako guda.
Wireworm
Wireworm da ake kira tsutsa na danna ƙwaro. Yana da launin launi mai launi kuma yana iya zama a cikin ƙasa na shekaru 3-4. Wannan mummunan rarraba wurare a cikin tushen, akwai kwayoyin, fungi, da kuma tsawon lokacin, inganta cututtuka na irises, wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Kwayoyin da ake amfani da su kamar alkama da kuma shuka sarƙaƙƙiya su ne babban abincin, daidai da haka, dole ne mu rika kulawa da hankali kan weeding da sassauta ƙasa. Har ila yau, waya tana ba da fifiko ga ƙasa mai laushi, saboda haka yana da shawarar yin lime, ash, alli ko dolomite gari. Kuma idan kun yi ammonium nitrate ko ammonium sulfate, zai taimaka rage yawan larvae.
Slugs
Damage ba kawai irises ba, amma har wasu kayan lambu da kayan lambu. Gnaw ramukan ramuka a kan foliage, kuma wani lokacin furanni na tsire-tsire. Har ila yau suna da haɗari saboda suna jure wa bacteriosis. Ana bar ganye na azurfa a kan ganye.
Tabbatar da tarko na burdocks da tsummaran raga zai taimaka maka ka kama da halakar slugs. Da yamma ko da safe, a bushe da dumi weather, watsa granulated metaldehyde tsakanin irises ko amfani da ƙura taba da hydrated lemun tsami. Ƙasar da ke kewaye da tsire-tsire da aka zubar da superphosphate zai tsorata su. Rigakafin zai zama kau da weeds.
Apan wake
Wannan kwari, tsayayye a kan ganye, ƙananan matasa da kuma buds, yana da launin baki-kore ko launin ruwan kasa. Yana ciyarwa a kan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa harbe ya gurɓata, kuma yaron ya zama bane ya ruɗe kuma ya juya.
Ana amfani da kariyar phosphorus-potassium kullum da weeding ana amfani da su a matsayin matakan tsaro. Idan aphids ba su da lokaci zuwa ninka, to an cire shi da hannu, kuma a lokacin da cututtuka masu tsanani, suna amfani da kwakwalwan gida da na sinadaran, canza su kowace rana 10.
Yana da muhimmanci! Mafi magani wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don bi da irises a cikin bazara daga cututtuka shine maganin manganese. Irin wannan cututtuka ya kamata ya wuce minti 20.
Thrips
Thrips - wanda bai dace ba, ƙananan, har zuwa 1 mm, kwari. Akwai baki, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa, da larvae - kodadde rawaya, kore da launin toka. Suna cinye suturar salula, wanda sakamakon abin da ganye ya gano da nakasa, kuma rhizome da aka lalace yana rufe launin ruwan kasa. Yawancin lokaci yana ɓoyewa cikin buds da stamens ko ganye sinuses.
Don rigakafi da iko, yi sama ƙasa, cire weeds da ruwa da irises a cikin zafi da bushe weather. Idan akwai raunuka da yawa tare da thrips, aiwatar da tsire-tsire kowace kwanaki 7-10 tare da maganin kwayoyin halitta.
Babban cututtuka na irises, magani
Irises sun fi damuwa fiye da sauran perennials, amma har yanzu suna ci gaba da cutar bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, da fungal, da kuma kwayoyin pathogens. Gaba, muna la'akari da cututtuka masu yawa na irises da hanyoyi don magance su.
Alternaria
Wannan ƙwayar cuta ne, wanda baƙar fata yake samuwa a gefuna na laka, sannan sai su bushe su fada. Ya kamata a cire kamuwa da cutar, saboda kamuwa da cuta zai iya zama a ƙasa. Yi amfani da layi na Bordeaux yau da kullum da kuma bayan flowering (ko daidai) kamar magani.
Ascohitosis
Ascochitis, wanda ake kira sabo mai laushi, yana haifar da bayyanar alamar launin ruwan launi mai siffar siffar da ke gefen gefuna. Idan cutar ta ci gaba, rassan da aka shafa sunyi asara. A lokacin magani, ya kamata a tuna cewa kamuwa da cuta zai iya zama duka a cikin ƙasa da kuma sharan gona. Don yin amfani da amfani da kwayoyi tare da jan ƙarfe, irin su Bordeaux ko cakuda, kafin da bayan flowering.
Heterosporiosis
Hotorosporia, ko launi na launi, an kunna daga tsakiyar watan Yuli kuma yana jin dadi lokacin da yanayi ya dumi da ruwa. Cutar ta fara farawa, tsofaffi. Ƙananan launin toka tare da bakin ruwa yana bayyana kuma ya zama mafi girma. Yawan lokaci, duk ƙananan baya ya bushe, kuma kamuwa da cuta yana shafar ciki. Yana da matukar muhimmanci tare da wannan cututtukan da za a cire a bushe a bushe, ganye da tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da furotin tare da jan karfe da zinc.
Mosaic
Sauran mutanen Irises suna shan azaba aphid. Yana bayyana ratsi-matsakaici da raƙuman haske a kan foliage. Tun da ba a gano hanyar da za a iya magance mosaic ba, dole ne a yi ƙoƙari don daukar matakan tsaro. Sun hada da: ayyukan noma da ya dace, kula da aphids da sauran tsire-tsire masu tsotsa tare da taimakon sunadarai, lalacewar nan da nan na cututtuka masu cuta.
Spotting
A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi da kowane nau'i na blotches, ana amfani da furanni mai laushi tare da cakuda Bordeaux 1%.
Shin kuna sani? An fassara kalmar nan "iris" daga Girkanci kamar "bakan gizo", domin ana kiran furen bayan tsohon Girkanci mai suna Iris, wanda ya sauko duniya a kan bakan gizo.
Rust
Tare da irin wannan cuta na irises, kamar tsatsa, launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, inda yarinya ya mutu, da kuma lokacin da rassan ya bushe, ya juya ya mutu. Sassan suna maras kyau. Spores na iya jurewa a cikin ƙasa da tsire-tsire.
Kuna buƙatar bi da al'adun (dasa mairisan a wuri daya bayan shekaru 3-4), tsaftace ƙasa, ya hallaka duk ganye da ya kamu da shi kuma ya bi da sauran tare da maganin sulfur (sake kowanne mako biyu har sai bayyanar cututtuka ta ɓace).
Wet rot (bacteriosis)
Wet ko juyayi mai laushi shine cuta ne na kwayar cuta wadda za a iya ganewa a farkon farkon lokacin bazara, idan ka kula da takamaiman launin ruwan kasa a jikin ganye. Sun fara farawa launin ruwan kasa daga iyakar kuma ƙarshe sun bushe. Tushen stalks ƙanshi mara kyau. Sashin ciki na rhizomes da ya shafa yana kama da wani farin dutse tare da wari mai tsarri.
Yana da muhimmanci! Haka kuma cutar tana yaduwa saboda zafi mai yawa da kuma dasa shuki mai yawa, daskarewa da rhizomes da gabatarwar sabo. Rashin yawan alli da kuma phosphorus, da maɗaukaki na nitrogen, sune magunguna na bacteriosis.
Dole ne a cire kayan kyamarar da aka shafa tare da wuka kuma a yanka shi tare da potassium. Don ƙwarewa, yi amfani kawai da kayan inganci. Cire ƙwayar cuta ya fita daga shafin kuma ya lalata, kuma a cikin fall, tattara da kuma cire duk tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire.
Gishiri mai laushi
Ya bayyana saboda nau'i biyu na namomin kaza. Ana fara aiki na farko a zafi mai zafi da kuma aiki akan iyakar ganye da kuma mai tushe. Daga qarshe, rafuka suna lalata kuma an rufe shi da launin toka. Na biyu yana kaiwa zuwa bushe rhizomes.
Don hana irin wannan cututtuka daga shafi ka, dasa su a kan ƙasa mai tsabta, amfani da kayan lafiya, cire wuri mai lalacewa kuma kar ka manta da tattarawa da ƙone dukkanin sharan gona a cikin fall.
Dry rot (Fusarium)
Tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsirewa suna yadawa daga asalinsu, inda, girma, clogs tasoshin shuka. Rhizomes bushe. A lokacin girma kakar yana da bayyanar m bushewa na furanni da kuma ganye. Ya kamata a cire matattun cututtukan daga shafin, kuma wuraren da suke ci gaba da bi da su tare da jan karfe oxychloride. Yada kwayoyi masu lafiya tare da fungicide.
Hanyar rigakafi daga cututtuka da kwari
Kamar yadda ka gani, mafi kyawun rigakafi daga duk wani cututtuka da kwari za su bi ka'idodin aikin injiniya, dacewa da hadewa, dacewa, ƙin ƙasa, cire weeds, da zabi na kayan dasa kayan inganci da kuma aiki na musamman idan ana buƙata.
Muna fatan cewa wannan labarin game da kwari, cututtuka na irises da magani sun kasance da amfani a gare ku. Kula da waɗannan launi kuma ku kula damu, kuma kawai kuna buƙatar bayanin da aka bayar a matsayin ma'auni m.
