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Alurar riga kafi ta bazara: hanyoyin asali da tukwici masu amfani

Mulberry yana da dumbin kayan amfani masu amfani. Berriesa'idodinta suna da sakamako mai hana kumburi, ana amfani dasu don rage kumburi, daidaita ayyukan zuciya, da inganta narkewa. Amma, kamar yawancin tsire-tsire, tana buƙatar kulawa. Duk wani dan lambu da ya shuka ciyawa a gonar sa, ya san cewa ba da jimawa ba zai iya fuskantar bukatar yin allurar itaciya. Idan baku da isasshen ƙwarewa, zamu gaya muku game da ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun da dabarun aiwatar da wannan hanya.

Me yasa ake mulmula su?

A yau, ciyawa da yawa suna girma a yawancin lambu a duk Rasha. Itace mai tsayi wanda yake girma zuwa 12-15 m, tare da matsakaicin zangon kewayawa na 1 zuwa 5. Mitsitsin tsufa ne, wanda zai iya kaiwa shekaru ɗari biyu. Baya ga ganyayyaki a cikin ciyawa, ana kuma daraja itace, kuma daga 'ya'yan itaciyar mai dadi zaku iya samun adadin blank.

Mulberry itace itaciya ce na kudu, amma tare da kulawa da ta dace tana iya girma a cikin wurare masu sanyi.

Itace ciyawa ba ƙasa da ƙarfi a cikin itacen oak ba kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu. Misali, saboda kera kayan kida, kayan daki da takaddara.

Dalilan da suka sa lambu ke wa gonar shuki na iya zama kamar haka:

  • Rashin girbi. Wannan shine daya daga cikin dalilan gama gari game da alurar riga kafi. Mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa ciyawa itace dioecious, wato, akwai maza waɗanda ke yin fure da yawa amma ba sa fitar da amfanin gona, kuma mata waɗanda furanni suka zama furanni masu daɗi bayan gama gari. Idan kun mallaki ɗanyen itacen masara, to, kada ku yi hanzari don tumɓuke itaciya, don narkar da abin da suka yi ƙoƙari da yawa (tuno, ciyawa ya fara ba da 'ya'ya kawai a cikin shekara ta 5 na rayuwa). Don magance wannan matsalar, ya isa a dasa shukar mace ta mace a jikin bishiyar "namiji".
  • Rage lokutan jiran amfanin gona. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ciyawar ta fara bada 'ya'ya a cikin shekaru 5-6. Idan kun dasa shi akan itacen girma, to za a iya girbe amfanin gonar a cikin shekaru 2-3.
  • Adana sarari. A sakamakon alurar riga kafi, zaku sami damar haɓaka ire-iren waɗannan al'adun a lokaci ɗaya akan itacen siliki, alal misali, Baroness Black da Smolenskaya ruwan hoda.
  • Kiwo a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Idan kun ji tsoron cewa sabon ciyawa ba zai sami tushe ba a cikin lambun ku (alal misali, ƙasa ko yanayin ba zai yi aiki ba), to a wannan yanayin yana da kyau kada ku yi haɗarin sayen ƙwayar zuriya, amma don yi wa sabon ciyawar mulberry ko garkuwa a kan itacen da ya rigaya ya saba da yanayin.

Mulberry iri-iri Black Baroness yana da babban yawan amfanin ƙasa

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a cikin aikin lambu, an yi grafting Mulberry grafting na musamman akan wata bishiyar itace, wanda za'a iya horar dashi ko daji. Alurar riga kafi na samfurin varietal akan wani yana ba ku damar shuka nau'ikan albarkatu daban-daban akan bishiya ɗaya, yayin grafting a kan ciyawar daji zai ba ku damar daidaita da iri-iri zuwa wasu yanayin yanayin ƙasa ko ƙasa kuma kare kariya daga cututtuka.

Wasu kalmomin

Domin bi daidai umarnin don grafting mulberries kuma ba rikice ba a cikin, kana bukatar ka san wadannan sharuddan:

  • Alurar riga kafi hanya ce ta yaduwar kayan amfanin gona, wanda ya kunshi hada sassan wasu tsire-tsire da dama. Mafi sau da yawa, bishiyoyi da tsirrai suna yaduwa ta hanyar grafting;
  • hannun jari shine shuka wanda aka dasa wani sashi na wata shuka. Tushen yana amfani da gangar jikin da tsarin tushe;
  • scion su ne sassa daban daban na shuka. Game da batun grafting na mulmulalliya, graft na iya zama yanki na haushi tare da koda ko tserewa;
  • ciyawa wani bangare ne daban na shuka da ake amfani da shi wajen yaduwa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da graft na mulmula, ana amfani da ciyawar kamar ƙai;
  • Tsarin cambium Layer ne na sel wanda ke aiki tsakanin itace da bast. Yana da saboda sel cambium na scion da stock cewa grafting na grafted kayan faruwa, saboda haka, lokacin alurar riga kafi, kokarin hada da cambium yadudduka kamar yadda densely-wuri.

Wajibi ne a san wurin da cambium yadudduka na scion da rootstock domin ya sami damar daidaita su daidai

Kayan aiki masu mahimmanci

Don tsarin girbin Mulberry, zaku buƙaci kayan aikin musamman.

  • Wuka na lambun. Ga kowane hanyar yin rigakafi, akwai wani nau'in wuka na lambu. Don haka, don yin kwafa, ana amfani da wuka na musamman na musamman (yana da faifan madaidaiciya), don budding - wuƙa budding (yana da ruwa mai ruwa). Yin amfani da wuka na yau da kullun ba da shawarar ba saboda warinsa ba dindindin da dimazo.
  • Itatuwan lambun. Suna bayar da santsi, har ma da yanke kuma saboda haka ba makawa ga shiri na katako da hannun jari.

Don aiwatar da ingantaccen tsarin mulberry grafting, ya zama dole don amfani da kayan aikin musamman

  • Kayan kayan miya. Fim ɗin filastik mai taushi cikakke ne kamar yadda yake. Ba za ku iya yin ba tare da shi ba, saboda don ci gaban almakashi da jari, tabbas ya zama mai dumi.
  • Latch Dole a gyara abubuwanda aka gyara. Sau da yawa, lambu suna amfani da tef na lantarki azaman gyarawa.
  • Sanya kayan. Kamar yadda ya dace da fenti mai launi ko lambun var. Zai buƙaci aiwatar da yanka a cikin ciyawa.

Kar a manta da yin lalata da kayan aikin bayan kowace hanyar alurar riga kafi don gujewa canza cututtuka daga itaciya zuwa waccan. A saboda wannan dalili, zaku iya amfani da tsabtataccen giya ko kuma magance ruwan wuta.

Alurar riga kafi ta bazara: hanyoyi da dokoki

Akwai wasu ƙa'idodi da yawa waɗanda dole ne a bi don ingantaccen tsarin rigakafin cutar.

  1. Shirya yankan a cikin kan kari, kuma su bi ka'idodin ajiyarsu.
  2. Daidai yanke katako ta amfani da kayan aikin musamman.
  3. Yi amfani kawai da kayan aikin tsabta don hana kamuwa da cuta.
  4. Tryoƙarin samun yin rigakafi da sauri. In ba haka ba, wuraren yin yanka a kan sarewar siliki a ƙarƙashin tasirin hasken rana da hasken ultraviolet ana amfani da shi.
  5. Yi amfani da suttura don kare gidajen abinci daga bushewa.
  6. Yi alurar riga kafi a lokacin da ya dace.

Mafi dacewa lokacin da aka dasa bishiyoyi shine kwanuka masu zafi, suna faɗuwa a farkon ko a tsakiyar Afrilu. A wannan lokacin, ciyawa fara farawa, wanda ke nufin cewa kewaya ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin akwati ya shiga cikin mafi yawan lokacin aiki, wanda ya zama dole don mafi kyawun fushin scion da jari.

A aikace, hanyoyin da aka fi so don yin rigakafin mulberries shine copulation da budding.

Tsarin Mulberry

Warar da kai shine hanya mafi sauƙi don yin rigakafin mulberries. Domin aiwatar da shi, kuna buƙatar shirya tsintsin siliki a gaba.

Shiri na ciyawa cuttings

Akwai hukunce-hukunce da yawa don shirye-shiryen da ciyawa iri. Ana iya girbe su sau biyu a shekara. A karo na farko: a ƙarshen kaka - farkon hunturu cikin tazara tsakanin ƙarshen lokacin faɗuwar ganye da kuma farkon sanyi. A wannan yanayin, ciyawar ciyawa zata zama mai daci. Zai tashi a lokacin rigakafin bazara, wato, a tsakiyar tsakiyar Afrilu. A karo na biyu: a ƙarshen hunturu - farkon bazara, bayan tsananin tsananin sanyi ƙaura. Kuna iya girbi itace a kowace rana. Tabbatar cewa zaɓaɓɓen ciyawa waɗanda aka zaɓa ba su daskarewa ba.

Shirya yadda yakamata da kuma ajiyan ciyawa masu kyau suna taimakawa wajen yin rigakafin bazara mai inganci

Dokoki don girbin ciyawar girki.

  1. Zaɓi itacen mulmula mai amfani da itace mai amfani da itace daga shekaru 3 zuwa 10, daga nan zaku dauki itace.
  2. Ana buƙatar yanke yankan daga shekara-shekara (wato, kafa wannan shekara) harbe-harbe wanda ke tsakiyar gefen kudu na kambin ciyawa.
  3. Wajibi ne don aiwatar da yankan tare da kayan aiki mai kaifi (tare da wuka na lambu ko tare da shinge na lambu), adana itacen da aka zaɓa akan nauyi.

Ka lura cewa an yanke itace da tsayin 30-40 cm da diamita na kusan 7 mm sune mafi kyau duka don grafting mulberries. Idan babu samfurori na irin wannan kauri, to, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, ana iya amfani da harbe tare da diamita na akalla 3 mm. Yankan sun fi kyau a shirya fewan guda.

Tuna! Ba za ku iya taɓa wurin da aka sare ba, in ba haka ba, ciyawar za ta ɗauki tushe mara kyau ko kamuwa da cuta za ta faɗa ciki.

Storage na ciyawa cuttings

Hanya mafi sauki don kiyaye ciyawa har sai lokacin bazara shine a ajiye a cikin firiji. Don yin wannan, kunsa su da zane mai bushe, saka a cikin jaka filastik kuma saka a cikin firiji. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don adana kayan tattarawa shine +2 game daC. Kar a manta a ci gaba da sanya farin dattin. Muna so mu yi gargaɗin cewa wannan hanyar ita ce mafi dacewa don adanar waɗancan ɓoyayyen da aka sare a cikin bazara, tunda akwai haɗarin haɓakar ƙuruciya na kodan akan ciyawar ku (a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan yana faruwa a cikin Maris).

Lokacin adanar itace a cikin firiji, ana bada shawara don sanya su a cikin wuri mafi sanyi - kusa da injin daskarewa

Hakanan an halatta a ci gaba da huɗa ciyawa a cikin cellar ta hanyar sanya su cikin yashi ko ɗanɗano. Algorithm shine kamar haka: sanya su (yanka ya kamata ya kasance a ƙasa) a cikin jaka na filastik ko kwalin cike da furen sawun. Idan kayi amfani da kunshin, ba kwa buƙatar ɗaure shi. Hakanan zaka iya sanya yankan silken a daidai wannan hanyar a cikin kwalin yashi, sannan a saka su cikin cellar. Ka tuna ci gaba da substrate m. Mafi yawan zafin jiki da ya fi dacewa don adanar ciyawar girki a cikin cellar daga 0 game daC zuwa +1 game daC tare da danshi wanda ba ya wuce 70%.

A lokacin da adanar ciyawa a cikin itacen cellar, ana bada shawara a ɗaure su a daure kuma a ajiye su a cikin matsanancin m

Kasuwancin siliki an adana su a waje a cikin sawdidi mai sanyi. Nagari ne ga waɗanda suka girbe su a cikin fall. Kayan fasaha kamar haka:

  1. A gefen arewa shafinka, zaɓi wurin da ya dace, yayyafa wani yanki mai laushi na ɗanɗano ɗan ƙaramin ɗanɗano a ƙasa.
  2. Sa'an nan a sa musu siliki masu kaifi.
  3. Cika su sake tare da m Layer na rigar sawdust kuma bar su a cikin sanyi na akalla awa daya.
  4. Bayan wannan, cika workpiece tare da rabin-mita Layer na sawdust bushe.
  5. Tare da rufe murfin filastik.

Don hana mice ko wasu kwari daga ɓarnatar da itacen siliki, zaku iya ƙara carbolic acid a ruwa don rigar da ɗanɗana - ƙanshinta zai tsoratar da kowane ƙwayar. Sashi - 50 g da lita 10 na ruwa.

Ma'ajiya na ciyawa a waje a cikin sawdust zai samar da isasshen matakin zafi da kariya daga sanyi

Abin baƙin ciki, lokuta na daskarewa na ciyawa cuttings a lokacin ajiya ba sabon abu bane. Ba su dace da alurar riga kafi ba. Don sanin idan ƙirarku ta dace da alurar riga kafi, ci gaba kamar haka: sanya incisions a kansu kuma sanya a cikin akwati da ruwa mai tsabta. Idan duk abin yayi kyau tare dasu, to ruwan zai kasance mai ma'ana, yayin rufe ruwa a launin ruwan shuɗi ko launin shuɗi yana nuna cewa an lalatar da yankan.

Sauƙaƙewa

Mulberry replication ne wanda aka yiwa graft grafting. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata da hannun jari ya zama ɗaya kauri ɗaya.

  1. Sanya yanka guda da yake daidai a wani kusurwa 30 akan girki mai girkigame dayayin da tsawon katako ya zama ya zama sau 4 injin din din din. Ya kamata a sanya bakin ciki tsakanin kodan.
  2. Daidaita yanka. Tabbatar cewa cambial yadudduka an docked, in ba haka ba tsarin adhesion zai lalata sosai.
  3. Bayar da ingantaccen gyarawa ga ƙwanƙwaran ta hanyar ɗaura murfin ɗaurin tare da polyethylene mai taushi wanda ya mamaye daga ƙasa sama da aiki tare da putty.
  4. Lokacin da jari da scion an fused gaba daya, cire miya.

Mahimmanci! Yanki yana buƙatar aiwatarwa a cikin madaidaiciyar motsi.

Idan kun yi komai daidai, to kuwa koda zai yi fure a cikin kwanaki 10-15.

Lokacin yin kwafin mulberries, yana da muhimmanci a haɗa labanin cambium na scion da rootstock

Inganta copulation tare da harshe

Irin wannan murfin ya ƙunshi kasancewar sassan ɓangarorin, wanda ya cika ta da nau'ikan saƙo guda. Lokacin haɗuwa, ɗayan serif ya wuce ɗayan, wanda ke ba da haɗi mafi tsayi na scion da rootstock fiye da hanya mai sauƙi. Kamar yadda yake da sauƙaƙen abu, yakamata ya zama daidai kauri ɗaya.

  1. Yi tsaftataccen abu a kan scion da rootstock a kusurwar 30game da kusan 3-4 cm tsayi, tare da ƙananan ƙwayar a gefe na yankewar oblique.
  2. Matsawa 1.5 cm daga ainihin kuma yin katako mai tsinkaye a layi daya zuwa ga zaruruwa har zuwa farkon yankewar oblique. Ya kamata ku sami "harshe."
  3. Haɗa scion da rootstock ta tura shafuka cikin juna.
  4. Aiwatar da bandeji mai taushi na polyethylene tare da zoba daga ƙasa zuwa sama.
  5. Lokacin da jari da scion an fused gabaɗaya, za'a iya cire miya.

Idan bayan kwanaki 10-14, tohon ya fito, to kuwa kun yi nasarar yin allurar ciyawar ku.

Tare da ingantaccen ɗorawar ƙwayar ciyawa, ƙyamar scion da rootstock sun fi tasiri fiye da yadda aka saba

Mulberry siding

Kalmar "budding" ta fito daga kalmar Latin oculus, wanda ke nufin "ido."

Idan ka yanke shawarar shuka ciyawa tare da taimakon budding, zaku buƙaci koda guda ɗaya ("ido"), wanda aka kafa a ƙarshen bazara. Lura cewa zaɓin da kuka zaɓa don ɗaukar koda dole ne a shirya shi gaba. Ana iya yin wannan a faɗuwar ko a ƙarshen Fabrairu.

Janar shawarwari don budding:

  1. Ba ya da shawarar toge a gefen akwatin gawa na mulmula yana fuskantar kudu. A wannan gefen, rana tana aiki sosai, kuma akwai babban haɗari cewa maganin ba zai da tushe.
  2. Idanun biyu za'a iya ɗauka a kan akwati ɗaya, amma daga bangarori daban-daban. A lokaci guda, nisan dake tsakanin idanu ya kamata yakai cm 20. Wannan zai kara adadin rayuwa mai kunci.
  3. Ya kamata a daskarar da ƙananan ido a nesa na akalla 25 cm daga cokali mai yatsa (wurin da an rarraba gangar jikin zuwa manyan rassa guda biyu waɗanda suke kafa rawanin biyu) na akwati.
  4. Ba lallai ba ne a sa mai haɗin a cikin abin da aka shuka, miya ta isa.
  5. Yana da rauni sosai don aiwatar da kwalliya a cikin ruwan sama.
  6. Don budding, yana da kyau a yi amfani da idanun da aka ɗauke daga tsakiyar lokacin harba.
  7. A lokacin daukar peephole daga gare shi, mai silky stalk yakamata ya cikakke. Don bincika digiri na ripening, akwai hanya mai sauƙi: kawo makullin a kunnenka kuma tanƙwara shi. Idan kaji motsi, zaka iya aminta dashi azaman kayan grafting.

Butcher

  1. Yi “harshe” a kan itacen dabino, yankan yadin kamar 2-2.5 cm.
  2. Yanke daga "harshe" aƙalla na uku, amma ba fiye da rabi ba.
  3. Daga cikin scion, yanke garkuwa tare da koda. Matsayin sa ya kamata yayi daidai da sigogi na yanke akan hannun jari.
  4. Sanya garkuwar koda a bayan harshe. Tabbatar cewa ƙyallen da yanke a kan rootstock ya zo daidai. Idan faɗin ƙirar ya fi ƙanƙanta girman abin da ake buƙata, zana shi ta wannan hanyar don tabbatar da cewa aƙalla ɗayan gefen ya haɗu da wurin katako mai ruɓi da layin cambial.
  5. Ageulla bangon da ɗan kwalliya tare da polyethylene mai taushi ko tef ɗin wutar lantarki.
  6. Ka tuna ka cire rigan bayan kamshi da kayan hade.

Sakamakon rigakafinku zai bayyana a cikin makonni biyu.

Lokacin buɗe budar Butt, yana da kyawawa don cimma cikakken haɗin garkuwa da yanke

Garkuwa mai siffa-mai siffa

  1. Yanke garkuwa daga kamshin. Scutellum yanki ne na haushi tare da koda. Girman ya kamata ya zama kamar haka: tsayi - 3 cm, nisa - 0.5 cm.Tun da kuka dasa shuki a cikin bazara, zaku iya barin gefen kusan 0.5 cm don sauƙaƙe riƙe m, kuma bayan haɗuwa tare da hannun jari, ƙarin tsink ɗin zai buƙaci a yanka.
  2. A kan tushen (kowane bangare na shi zai yi), yi aljihunan da ake kira aljihunan a cikin harafin T. Algorithm na ayyukanka yakamata ya kasance kamar haka: da farko an yi wani kwance (babba), sannan a yanke wani tsaye, sannan gefuna na yanke a tsaye suna a lanƙwasa a hankali. Sakamakon haka, zaku sami aljihu wanda aka shigar da milin. Lura cewa girman irin wannan aljihunan yayi daidai da girman igiyar.
  3. Shigar da kariyar da aka shirya cikin sashin, tana motsawa daga sama zuwa ƙasa. Edgearsashin ƙarshen flap ɗin ku ya dace da ƙarshen aljihunka. Idan mabuɗin ya fito daga aljihunan, to, a yanka abin da ya wuce tare da wuka mai kaifi.
  4. Kare amintaccen garkuwar ta banɗaki ko filastik. Ya kamata a ɗaukar bandeji daga ƙasa zuwa sama. Da fatan za a lura cewa lokacin yin wannan hanyar ta budding, ana bada shawara a rufe koda.
  5. Bayan an hada kayan aikin grafting, cire miya.

Kodan da aka lika ta wannan hanyar shima yana rayuwa cikin sati biyu.

Lokacin budding tare da garkuwa a cikin ramin-T, ya zama dole don rufe koda tare da miya

Bidiyo: yadda ake ciyar da ciyawar Mulberry

Kamar yadda kake gani, duk wani mai lambu zai iya yin allurar ciyawa. Bayan bin ka'idodi na asali da shawarwari, zaku sami nasarar shawo kan wannan taron, kuma itaciyarku za ta faranta muku rai na dogon lokaci tare da bayyanar lafiyarta da yawan girbin ta.

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