Rust

Yanayi na girma Chabo carnation: shuka don seedlings da kuma kula a filin bude

A yau za mu mayar da hankalinmu game da ci gaban Chabo a cikin filin. Wannan flower yana ƙaunar da yawa masu shuka furanni saboda gaskiyar cewa daga farkon kwanakin rani har zuwa marigayi ganyayyaki abin sha'awa na kayan furanni da furanni waɗanda za a iya yanka a matsayin kyauta ko amfani da su don ƙirƙirar kirkiro.

Carnation Shabo yana girma har zuwa 60 cm, kuma ga wani girma kakar bada har zuwa 35 flower harbe. Furen suna fitowa mai haske, manyan (har zuwa 8 cm cikin diamita), launi daban-daban. Tsawon peduncles ya bambanta daga 25 zuwa 35 cm.

Shuka carnations Shabo ta hanyar shuka

Bayan haka, zamu tattauna akan yadda za a shuka carnations ga Shabo a kan tsirrai, da kuma gaya maka game da mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin wannan tsari wanda zasu taimaka wajen inganta tsaba daga tsaba.

Terms of shuka seedlings

Ya danganta da ƙayyadadden lokaci na shekara, akwai 2 zaɓuɓɓuka don dasa shuki tsaba na Chabot cloves: a watan Disamba da Fabrairu.

Tun lokacin da carnation yayi furanni kwanaki 150 bayan shuka, dasa shuki yana halatta idan kuna so furanni sosai, amma idan yanayin ya dace.

Dasa a watan Disamba ne kawai ake gudanar ne a cikin ƙananan greenhouses, wanda zai yiwu ya kula da yanayin zafi mafi kyau, zafi da hasken wuta.

Tabbas, shuka tsaba ana gudanar da shi a tsakiyar Fabrairu don sha'awan furanni daban-daban a farkon lokacin rani.

Yana da muhimmanci! Sayen tsaba zai kasance mai yiwuwa har kimanin shekaru 3.

Ƙasa don girma seedlings

Shuka tsaba ya kamata a shuka a cikin ƙasa mai kyau. A wannan yanayin, ko da kuna da ƙasa mafi kyau a ƙasa a kan flowerbed, ba za ku iya amfani da shi ba. Cakudaccen ruwan gari da aka shirya daga sod ƙasar, peat, yashi da humus.

An bada shawarar yin amfani da yashi mai yashi, kuma humus ya zama ƙasa zuwa wata kasa (yana da wuya a shimfiɗa launi).

Wannan ƙwayar yana bada tsaba da ake bukata don gina jiki kuma yana da kayan haya mai kyau.

Sauran kwari

Ya kamata a yi amfani da katako na Chabo daga tsaba a cikin kwantena na musamman wanda zai ba matasa damar isa ga sararin samaniya don ci gaba da tushen, kuma, tare da shi, ba za su tattake danshi a cikin ƙasa ba.

Ana amfani da ƙwayoyin musamman don shuka tsaba (za'a iya sayansu a shagunan kayan shaguna). Kwantena ya zama low (har zuwa 6 cm a tsayi), fadi da kuma, akalla, raba zuwa sassa daban-daban.

Ba'a ba da shawarar saya kwantena na filastik ba, kamar yadda masu yawa masana'antun ke yin amfani da fasaha masu amfani da magungunan ƙwayar cuta, wanda zai sake yaduwa a lokacin da ake haɗuwa da laima.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ƙananan kwantena suna taimakawa wajen riƙe da danshi a ƙasa, saboda yawancin harbe zasu sau da yawa.
A cikin siffofi don seedlings dole ne kasancewa ramuka ga lambatu na wuce haddi danshi. Kafin kwanciya a ƙasa, ana bayar da shawarar yin amfani da wadannan tasoshin da potassium za su gurɓata su ko kuma suyi ruwa tare da ruwan zãfi.

Shuka tsaba don seedlings

Shuka albarkatun carnations Shabo a gida - aiki mai sauƙi. Yana da muhimmanci a bi umarnin, da kuma kananan tsaba, bayan 'yan watanni, za su juya cikin matasa.

Fara girma da sayan girma stimulant. Wannan kayan aiki ba kawai zai taimaka wa tsaba su dauki tushen sauri ba, amma kuma zasu samar da kyakkyawan rayuwa da shuka. A nan duk shirye-shiryen zai dace da hanzarta bunkasa tushen furanni.

Kafin shuka, ana shuka tsaba a cikin samfurin da aka ambata a tsawon awa 4-5 (amfani da sashi da aka nuna akan kunshin), sa'an nan kuma yada a kan kayan da aka shirya da kuma yayyafa shi da yashi mai yashi (yashi ya kamata kwantar da hankali kafin dasa). Bayan haka, ka wanke ƙasa tare da ruwan dumi.

Yanayi don shuka tsaba

Don kayan dasa kayan hawa, kana buƙatar ƙirƙirar dukkan yanayi don shi, musamman ma a farkon kwanaki bayan dasa. Saboda haka, dole ne a matsa da siffofin da tsaba a dakin da zafin jiki na +23 ˚Y ... +25 C, wanda babu wani dampness ko wani fungi.

Bugu da ƙari, nan da nan bayan an dasa shuki, dole a rufe akwati da fim, wanda aka cire don samun iska, idan kwance ya samo shi (akalla 1 lokaci a kowace rana). A cikin irin wannan microclimate, tsaba suna ci gaba sosai da sauri kuma za'a iya jira seedlings a cikin mako daya.

Kula da kananan shuke-shuke

Muna ci gaba da aiki mai mahimmanci - kulawa da tsirrai na shabo.

Da zarar fararen farko suka bayyana, an kwashe kwantena zuwa wuri mai haske, da wuri mai sanyi (zafin jiki ya kasance a cikin +14 ˚Y ... +16 С).

Yana da muhimmanci! A yanayin zafi mai zafi, germination yana raguwa, kuma hanyoyi zasu iya zama rauni sosai.
Bayan fitowar harbe ya buƙatar saka idanu da zafi na substrate.

Dole kasar gona ta zama rigar, saboda karfi mai bushewa ko kan-wetting yana da damuwa ga kananan shuke-shuke.

Ana gudanar da watering tare da furewa da sassafe.

Ya kamata mu tuna cewa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar samun iska. A cikin dakin dole, ba tare da samun iska ba, carnations za su yi girma da sauri kuma su rasa launin launi.

Shin kuna sani? A cikin Hellenanci, sunan jiki (Dianthus) na nufin "flower of Zeus" ko "flower flower" (Di - Zeus da flower anthos).

Pickling seedlings na carnations

A cikin ci gaban girma na matasa seedlings, 2 picks na Shabo carnation seedlings ana yi. Na farko anyi ne lokacin da shuka ke samun ganye na gaskiya guda biyu. Canji a cikin kwantena guda ɗaya anyi shi ne don dalilai guda biyu: don ƙara yawan sararin samaniya don tsarin doki, ko ƙoƙarin kaucewa ɓangaren tushen tare da yawan ciyawa.

Za a gudanar da na biyu a karshen Maris, a mataki na 4 ganyen gaskiya. Ga kowane furanni, an zaɓi karamin tukunya da diamita kimanin 10 cm, cika shi tare da cakuda guda da aka yi amfani dasu don shuka tsaba. Har ila yau, za ka iya ƙara dan kadan humus, idan cloves ya fita rauni. Ya kamata a canja tsire-tsire a sabon wuri ba tare da raba ragowar ƙasa ba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna bukatar kulawa kada su lalata tushen tsarin.

Hardening seedlings

Ƙarfafa seedlings samar bayan na biyu dashi. Carnations dauke da zafin jiki na +13 ... С ... +15˚, kuma a daren sun ƙaddamar da wannan alamar zuwa +10 С. Irin yanayin yanayin ba su da haɗuwa ga furanni, amma a akasin haka, suna motsa tsarin tsarin tsire-tsire: suna fama da ƙananan bayan dasawa cikin ƙasa.

Shin kuna sani? A cewar wasu masu bincike, ƙanshin cloves yana taimakawa wajen sasantawa da rikice-rikice na ciki kuma yana motsa bayyanar motsin zuciyarmu.

Shuka seedlings na carnations Shabo a cikin ƙasa bude

Saboda haka lokaci yayi da za a motsa cloves na Shabo zuwa gadon gado. A cikin wannan sashe za mu gaya maka game da makirci na dasa shuki shuke-shuke, bari muyi magana game da zabi na lokaci mafi kyau da wuri don dasa. Kafin ka canja wurin shuka daga gidan zuwa tituna, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa yana da karfi sosai, yana da launi na launi na ganye da kuma tushe, kuma ya yi girma don yaji.

Ya kamata mu tuna cewa lokaci na dasawa yana dogara da yanayin a waje da taga, don haka ba buƙatar ba kawai bi umarnin ba, amma kuma don duba tare da zazzabi.

Lokacin da zabi na wurare don dasa shuki seedlings

A farkon watan Mayu, ana iya canjawa wuri zuwa ƙasa. Idan ruwan sama ko sanyi a waje, to an canja wurin canja wuri har zuwa karshen watan. Duk da haka, kana buƙatar tuna cewa kwanan wata don dasa shuki seedlings akan shafin shine farkon mako na Yuni.

Sanya furanni, zaɓi rana, da kariya daga iska.

Ana ba da shawarar yin shuka a arewa ko arewa maso gabas.

Ga salves Shabo ya dace da gina jiki mai tsayi.

Tabbas, ba lallai ba ne a ba da izinin sayar da ƙwayar baƙar fata, amma idan kasar gona ta kasance "matalauci", to sai an yi amfani da takin mai magani na jiki kafin dasa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Shuka furanni ya kara daga bishiyoyi domin tsire-tsire ba su raba abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa ba.

Shuka plantation seedlings

Yana da mahimmanci ba kawai don zaɓar wuri mai dacewa ba, amma kuma don shuka tsire-tsire daidai don haka dasawa ba lokacin farin ciki ko kuma rare.

Lambu suna bayar da shawarar dasa bishiyoyi kamar yadda ya dace da misalin 25x25 cm ko 30x20 cm A cewar wannan shirin, kimanin 14 furanni za a iya sanya su da 1 mita.

Wannan shi ne nesa mafi kyau, wanda zai ba da dama ga ci gaba da karuwa daga tsarin tushen, kuma, a lokaci guda, tsire-tsire masu shuka ba su da ƙazantar da ƙasa.

Yana da muhimmanci! An dasa shuki tare da bally bally, kowane flower ana binne shi a ƙasa kamar yadda aka binne shi a lokacin na biyu.

Kula da shabo cloves

Mun juya zuwa kula da aikin Chabo. Zai zama alama cewa matakin mafi wuyar ya riga ya wuce, amma ko da furanni masu karfi suna iya mutuwa ba tare da kulawa da kyau ba. Ya kamata a lura da cewa idan a lokacin dasa, ba a yi amfani da tsire-tsire mai magani ba ga matashi, to wannan abu ya kamata a ba da hankali ta musamman a cikin ci gaban girma.

Ina bukatan tsunkule?

Bari mu fara, watakila, tare da tayar da wani katako. Dole ne a gudanar da wannan hanya idan kuna son samun babbar buds.

Pinching shi ne cire dukkan matakan (har zuwa 6 knots) da kuma kusurwar buds. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan aikin ana aiwatar da shi don samun ƙananan hanyoyi masu yawa a kan bouquets. Idan ba za ku yi girma furanni ba kawai don yin ado da gonar, to, yin amfani da shi ba lallai ba ne.

Shin kuna sani? Jinsin Carnation yana da fiye da nau'in 300, 'yan ƙasa zuwa Turai, Afirka, Asiya da Arewacin Amirka.

Yadda za a gudanar da watering

Watering da tsire-tsire suna gudana a matsayin saman Layer na ƙasa ya bushe, kuma yana da kyau a yi amfani da tilasta ko kuma shayar da guga don moisten kasar gona.

Ya kamata a fahimci cewa lokacin da ruwan inganci ya shiga cikin yadudduka na ƙasa, inda tushen furanni ba su isa ba. Saboda haka, kana buƙatar zuba cikin ruwa kamar yadda ƙasa zata iya sha. Bisa ga kwarewar da aka samu, a lokuta masu mahimmanci, za ku iya yin amfani da wannan nauyin ruwa kawai.

Wajibi ne don ruwa a shuka ba bisa ga wani tsari ba, amma dangane da yanayin. Idan yana da zafi ko iska, to, kana buƙatar ruwa da yawa sau da yawa. Idan ruwan sama ko ruwan sama ya kasance, to ya fi kyau a watsar da ruwa.

Dandalin gyare-gyare na sama

Carnation yana buƙatar takin gargajiya, wanda ba ya dogara da yanayin shuka kawai ba, har ma da ingancin furanni.

Nitrogen-dauke da takin mai magani (15 g da 1 m²) an sanya a cikin ƙasa kafin flowering. Da zarar na farko buds ya bayyana, potassium da aka kara da nitrogen.

A cikin nau'i na nitrogen, za ka iya amfani da bayani na 0.1% na ammonium nitrate, wanda aka yadu a sama da ƙasa na flower. An nuna jin yunwa na azabar a cikin hanyar fadada tushe daga cikin ganyayyaki, wanda shine "firikwensin" mai kyau ga masu mallakar.

Fertilizing furanni ya kamata ba fiye da sau ɗaya kowane mako 2 ba. Har ila yau, ya kamata mu tuna cewa babu wata hujja da za a ba da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta.

Shabo carnation don yankan

Idan an dasa gine-ginen don ƙaddamar da peduncles na gaba, to, ku tabbata cewa ku karanta maɓallin zane. Ya kamata mu tuna cewa karin buds a kan tsire guda, ƙananan za su kasance.

Yanke shi ne mafi kyaun barin 'yan bushes, wanda ya taso 1 peduncle. Ta wannan hanyar za ku sami babbar inganci wanda zai sami wari mai kyau kuma ya zauna a cikin gilashi na dogon lokaci.

Don yanke fit rabin bude buds. An yanke su da sassafe ko marigayi na yamma a karkashin 6 knots. Bugu da ƙari don kwana uku, ana iya sa furanni a cikin gida a zafin jiki na +10 ˚Y ... +12 ˚Y. Don haka flower stalks ba zai rasa su dandano ko kyau.

Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan yankan furanni bazai bukaci a sanya su a cikin ruwa mai dadi ko ruwa tare da bunkasa mai ci gaba ba. Irin waɗannan ayyuka za suyi hanzari ne kawai da hanzari na buds.

Cututtuka da kwari kwari Shabo

Yana da kyau magana game da cututtuka da kwari da cloves. Mafi yawan flower flower "acquires" saboda rashin kulawa ko matsaloli a cikin seedling. Mafi yawancin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cututtuka ko raunana shuke-shuke, amma fasahar noma da tsabta daga shafin suna taka rawar gani.

Yana da muhimmanci! Yawancin cututtuka masu yawa na carnations suna daukar kwayar cutar zuwa tsire-tsire daga tulips, don haka dasa shuki a kusa da shi ba'a bada shawara.
Alternaria Cutar cutar da ke haifar da yatsun duhu a kan kara don yin zagaye ko oblong. Wannan cututtukan yana haifar da mummunan lalacewa, saboda cloves shafi Alternaria, ƙarshe ya mutu.

Madogarar kamuwa da cuta shine tsire-tsire masu tsari ko tsire-tsire. Idan yanayi ya yi zafi, to, cutar zata fara ci gaba.

Don kawar da cutar, Shabo ya kamata a sauya sau 3 tare da hutu na 12-15 days Bordeaux ruwa (1%) ko jan karfe chloroxide (0.25%).

Amfani da magungunan gargajiya don kawar da naman gwari ba a bada shawara ba.

Fusarium Cutar dabba ta tsire-tsire, wadda kuma ta hanyar naman gwari. Haka kuma cututtuka na shafar tsarin na jijiyoyin jini, bayan da wanka ya bushe ya bushe. Bayyanar cututtuka na cutar: Sakamakon ya zama ja ko launin ruwan kasa, ganyayyaki sunyi launin rawaya, inji ya bayyana dried.

Ana fitar da cutar ta hanyar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kuma ta cikin ƙasa.

Abin takaici, ba zai yiwu a kawar da murfin wannan cuta ba. An lalata shuke-shuke mara lafiya (konewa), kuma duk sauran al'adu a gonar suna bi da su tare da masu aikin haɗari na aikin gudanarwa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan fusarium, matashi ba dace da dasa shuki ba don kimanin shekaru 5-6.
Rust. Wani fungal cuta da cewa lalata ganye, mai tushe da flower stalks. Ana iya gano cutar ta hanyar launin ruwan kasa da launin rawaya a kusa da yankin da ya shafa. Sakamakon irin wannan matsala yana nuna alamar ƙasa mai zurfi, haɗari na nitrogen, ko rashin potassium.

Lokacin da alamun cutar suka bayyana, dole ne a riƙa kula da cloves tare da furotin.

Yanzu bari mu kula da kwari na flower. Carnation yawanci annoba Bears, earwigs da gizo-gizo mites.

Medvedki an rushe su a hanyoyi daban-daban: an zuba maganin sabulu a cikin minks, an huda rami kuma an cika da taki, ana kwari kwari da magungunan kashe qwari. Duk da haka, ka tuna cewa Medvedka ba sauqi ba ne don janye daga shafin, don haka idan ta bayyana, duk furanni a gonar zasu sha wahala.

Earwig, pincer ko "tsunkule" - maganin da ya saba da shi, a kallon farko, baya sanya barazana ga tsire-tsire. Duk da haka, wannan abincin yana ci gaba a kan dukan sassa na sama da ƙasa: rassan, tushe, buds da furanni. Sabili da haka, wata rana za ka iya samun lalacewar abubuwan da za a yanka a matsayin kyauta.

Ana amfani da wadannan kwari don halakar da kwari: "Iskra", "Fufanon", "Karate". Hakanan zaka iya amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya ko tarkuna. Muna bada shawarar yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, saboda ba za a ci furanni ba, wanda ke nufin cewa kwari ba sa kawo barazana ga rayuwar mutum.

Gizo-gizo mite wakilcin kananan gizo-gizo na ja, fari ko launin launi mai haske, wanda aka tsara kamar lakabi. Su bayyanar tana taimakawa ga yanayin zafi. Insects ciyar da shuka shuka, saboda haka weakening shi. Ana nuna alamar kasan a kan shuka a cikin nau'i na translucent ko dige masu dadi.

Don kawar da wannan kaska, yana da isasshen yin amfani da ƙwayar carnations tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Aktelik". Idan adadin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ne, to, zaka iya gwada hanyoyin da tsofaffi (jiko na albasa albasa, jiko na tafarnuwa ko taba).

Carnation Shabo a cikin hunturu

Yawancin lambu a wannan batu sun tambayi kansu tambaya: "Shin bacin jiki ba shine shuki na shekara daya?". Abin farin ciki, ana iya samun murfin Clobot na tsawon shekaru. Wannan yana saukake mai yawa, tun da ba wanda ya fuskanci hassles hade da shuka da girma seedlings a kowace shekara.

Sabili da haka, za mu gaya maka yadda za'a ajiye shuka a cikin hunturu.

Abin takaici, a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi Shabo carnation ba zai iya hunturu ba. Sabili da haka, lokacin da zazzabi a waje da taga ya sauke zuwa +10 a cikin rana, duk furanni suna haɗe tare da rawanin kasa kuma suna zama a cikin tukunya guda ɗaya, inda za su jira cikin hunturu.

Saboda haka, ba za ku ajiye furen kawai ba, amma kuma ƙãra yawan tsire-tsire na cikin gida. A dumi da carnation iya Bloom har sai marigayi kaka, ni'ima ku da marmari buds da m ƙanshi.

Bayan daji ya yi fure, kowane tsayi an rage shi zuwa 2/3 na tsawonsa, an yanke sabbin bishiyoyi, kuma ana tukunyar tukunya zuwa wuri mai sanyi (zazzabi ya zama daidai da lokacin da ke da katako).

Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin sauran, tukunya ya kamata a shayar da shi lokaci-lokaci, saboda haka furen ba ya lalace kuma baya fara girma a cikin yanayi mara kyau.

Cutting cloves Shabo

A sashe na karshe na labarin za mu tattauna batun haifuwar Shabo carnation by cuttings.

An yanke katako daga wani daji wanda ya ragu a gidan. То есть, "старую" гвоздику мы используем как материнский куст для получения посадочного материала. Don yin wannan, irin wannan flower a Fabrairu, fara ruwa da yawa, saboda haka ya fara girma. A watan Maris, ana buƙatar magunguna masu tsawo, 6-7 cm tsawo, yankan saman da ƙasa.

A matsakaici, sanya kullun kullun kuma dasa shuki a cikin yashi mai yisti, amma kafin wannan an bada shawara a sanya shi a cikin ci gaba da bunkasa ci gaba don kara yawan yaduwar germination.

Bayan dasa shuki da tsirrai an rufe shi tare da can, samar da yanayi na greenhouse. A cikin kwanakin farko na 7-9, akwati ya kasance a cikin inuwa, amma a kowace rana kana buƙatar cire kayan da za a samu don samun iska da kuma shayar da madara.

Tuni a 16-18 days da sabon za germinate. Bayan wannan, dole ne a cire banki da sanya akwati tare da rike kusa da haske.

Ana yin cututtuka don adana iri-iri da suke so, amma yana da daraja tunawa cewa cloves da aka samo daga cuttings ba su da karfi kamar waɗanda suke girma daga tsaba.

Yanzu ku san lokacin da za ku shuka Shabo carnation a kan seedlings, yadda za a adana flower a cikin hunturu da kuma samun da yawa cuttings daga wani daji. Yi amfani da umarnin da aka bayyana a cikin aikin kuma za ku iya girma da kyakkyawan lambun da ke cike da ƙanshi na carnations masu kyau.