Don samun karas a farkon bazara, gudanar da shuka dasa shi a cikin hunturu. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar sanin ba kawai mafi kyawun lokacin ba, nau'ikan da suka dace don yankin ku, har ma da sauran asirin.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfani da karas dasa karas
Saukowa a ƙarƙashin hunturu yana ba da waɗannan halaye masu kyau:
- Ana iya samun girbi na bitamin da wuri. Idan an rufe kayan amfanin gona da fim, to tushen amfanin gona zai iya huda wata daya kafin lokacin bazara.
- Hunturu ita ce bambance-bambancen zaɓi na halitta, tsaba masu wanzuwa su ne mafi ƙarfi, kuma daga gare su ake samun 'ya'yan itace masu lafiya.
- Babu karancin danshi, kamar narkewar dusar ƙanƙara na samar da ƙuruciya matasa da adadin ruwan da ya dace.
- Karin kwari da ke shafar amfanin gona har yanzu suna barci a farkon bazara.
Rashin daidaituwa ya haɗa da tsinkayar tsiron kaka da karas don harbawa. 
Karas
Ba za ku iya dasa karas ba a cikin bazara idan kuna son adana amfanin gona na dogon lokaci. Kuna buƙatar ku ci shi a lokacin bazara-kaka.
Subtleties na hunturu shuka
Dasa karas a cikin hunturu abu ne mai sauki, amma kuna buƙatar sanin ƙananan asirin fasahar noma. Babban kuskuren shine farkon amfanin gona.
Tunda yanayin yanayi ya bambanta a kowace shekara, kuna buƙatar ƙayyade ranar da za ku sauko kanku, yin la'akari da shawarwarin kwararru na gaba ɗaya:
- Watan shine Oktoba, Nuwamba, koda Disamba, gwargwadon yankin.
- Zazzabi - 1-2 makonni 1-2 yana riƙe + 2 ° C, amma ba ƙasa da -5 ° C ba.
- Rashin ruwa sosai.
Ta yanki
| Yankin | Watan | Tsarin ciki |
| Kudancin, sasar Krasnodar | tsakiyar Nuwamba - farkon Disamba | 3 cm ba a buƙata. |
| Na tsakiya, Yankin Moscow | november | 5 cm. Ciyawa (peat, humus 3 cm, rassan spruce). |
| Arewa, Siberiya, Ural | Oktoba | Rufe tare da kayan da ba a saka ba, rassan spruce. |
Dangane da kalandar rana a cikin 2018
Kwanakin da aka fi dacewa don dasa karas a cikin kaka suna ƙaddara ta kalandar Lunar. A cikin 2018, waɗannan lambobin ne:
- Oktoba - 4, 5, 15, 16, 27-29;
- Nuwamba - 2-5, 11-13, 21, 22, 25, 26.
Yi ƙoƙarin gujewa saukowa hunturu daga Oktoba 8 zuwa 10 da 24, a watan Nuwamba - daga 6 zuwa 8, 23.
Zaɓin dasa kayan
Don dasa shuki, ana zaɓan nau'in sanyi mai tsauri. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan sune tsakiyar-kaka da ƙarshen-ripening.
Saboda dawo da daskararru, karas mai cikakke ba su dace da dasa hunturu ba. Tun da farkon matasa harbe ba zai iya tsayawa da sanyi. Saboda predisposition na kaka harbe harba, iri da suka dace da furanni an zaɓi.
Wadannan nau'ikan sanyi masu tsaurin sanyi da aka fi so ayi shuki a lokacin hunturu a yankuna na Russia sune:
| Digiri | Lokacin kayan lambu (kwanaki) | Bayanin | Yankin Rasha |
| Nantes-4 | Tsaka-tsaki (80-110) | 'Ya'yan itace - 16 cm, har zuwa 150 g. Siffar silima ce. Yarinya yayi zagaye. Ya ƙunshi sukari mai yawa, carotene. | Duk yankuna. |
| Losinoostrovskaya 13 | Tsaka-tsaki (110) | 'Ya'yan itace 15 cm ne ta 4,5 cm, 100 g. Siffar itace Silinda mai tsawo. An nuna goge baki. Tsayayya ga fure. | Duk banda na Yankin Arewa, Urals na Kudancin, Gabas Siberian. |
| Shantane 2461 | Mid da wuri (70-100) | 'Ya'yan itace - 15 cm ta 5.8, har zuwa 250 g. Tsarin yana conical. Gashinan bebaye. Kyakkyawan kiyayewa mai kyau. | Duk yankuna. |
| Vitamin 6 | Tsaka-tsaki (95-120) | 'Ya'yan itace - 15 cm ta 5 cm, har zuwa 165 g. Tsarin shine silima. Gashinan bebaye. Tsayayya ga fure. | Komai banda Kirkin Arewa. |
| Callisto | Tsaka-tsaki (90-110) | 'Ya'yan itacen shine 25 cm, ba ya fi 120 g. Tsarin shine silinda mai tsawo. An nuna goge baki. Mafi girma cikin Vitamin A. | Tsakiya. |
| Wanda ba zai yiwu ba | Tsakar-gari (100-120) | 'Ya'yan itace - 17 cm ta 4.5 cm, kimanin 200 g. Tsarin shine silili. Gashinan bebaye. Fari mai haƙuri. | Kudancin Urals, Yankin Moscow, Caucasus na Arewa, Gabas ta Tsakiya. |
| Moscow hunturu | Late ripening (120-130) | 'Ya'yan itace - 17 cm, 170 g. Siffar ta conical ce. Gashinan bebaye. Tsayayya ga fure. Kyakkyawan kiyayewa mai kyau. | Mai girma ga Tsarin Mid. Nagari don duk yankuna. |
| Sarauniyar kaka | Late ripening (115 -130) | 'Ya'yan itace - har zuwa 30 cm, 230 g ko fiye. Tsarin yana conical. Ana nuna dan kadan. Tsayayya a harbi. | Musamman ma Arewa. |
| Altai ya gajarta | Tsaka-tsaki (90-110) | 'Ya'yan itace - 20 cm, 150 g. Siffar silima ce. Yarinya yayi zagaye. Yana jure yanayin zafi. | Musamman ma Siberiya da Urals. |
| Dayana | Late ripening (120-150) | 'Ya'yan itace - 28 cm, 210 g. Siffar conical ce. Gashinan bebaye. Yana tsayayya da matuƙar zafi da ƙananan yanayin zafi. | Siberiya, Urals. |
Zaɓin shafin
Lokacin zabar wani wuri, dole ne a ɗauka a hankali cewa seedlings za su fara girma a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara zata kwanta a ƙasa. Sabili da haka, shafin yakamata ya haskaka sosai da rana, yana da kyau zaɓi ɗan ƙaramin tudu domin dusar ƙanƙara ta narke cikin sauri.
Wajibi ne a la'akari da abin da tsire-tsire suka girma kafin wannan a gonar da aka shirya don karas.
| Mafi kyawun magabata | Mummunan magabata |
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Ba'a ba da shawarar shuka karas a cikin hunturu a wurin da aka girbe amfanin gona a lokacin bazara. Irin wannan gado ya dace da namo kawai bayan shekaru 3-4.
Tsarin gado
Akan shirya gado domin dasa shuki (mafi kyawun wata daya):
- An 'yanta ƙasa daga ciyawar, ta tono zuwa zurfin kusan 30 cm.
- Ana amfani da takin gargajiya a cikin murabba'in mita 1: gilashin itace ash, 3 kilogiram na kwayoyin halitta, 30 g na superphosphate, 15 g na potassium gishiri.
- An kirkiro Grooves - zurfin 3-6 cm (dangane da yankin), nisan da ke tsakanin su shine kusan 20 cm.
- An rufe shi da kayan da ba'a saka ba ko fim.
Shuka
Ana saukowa ƙasa bisa ga makirci masu zuwa (yana da mahimmanci kada a manta cewa ya kamata ƙasa ta kasance mai sanyi):
- An rarraba iri a cikin ramuka a nesa na kusan 2 cm daga juna (denser fiye da shuka mai shuka).
- An cika shi da ƙasar gona mai daɗi (wadda aka riga aka shirya). Amfanin gona an mulched (dangane da yankin).
- Anfara.
- Idan akwai dusar ƙanƙara, ɗan barci kaɗan a gare su.
- An rufe shi da rassan spruce.
Muhimmi: Kada a jiƙa tsaba kafin a shuka karas a cikin hunturu.
Kulawar Shuka
A cikin hunturu, dasa, amfanin gona ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Wajibi ne a tabbatar cewa murfin dusar ƙanƙara yana da girma sosai kuma tsaba basu daskare.
A cikin bazara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ya zama dole don cire tsari (ciyawa, rassan spruce) kuma saka fim ko kayan da ba a saka ba, idan ba (zai fi dacewa akan ƙananan arcs ba).
A nan gaba, kulawa da karas iri ɗaya ce da ta tsirowar bazara:
- Edingauka daga daskarewa.
- Sassan bututu, don wadatar iskar oxygen.
- Takaitaccen amfanin gona lokacin da ganye na hakika da yawa suka bayyana (nisan dake tsakanin albarkatun tushe kusan 2 cm).
- Lokacin da sprouts girma kadan (3 makonni) maimaita thinning (bar 5 cm).
- Idan bazara ta bushe, zubar da amfanin gona.
