Magonia holly (mahonia aquifolium) - duk game da yaduwar bishiyoyi

Holly magonia wani itace ne mai cin gashin kansa wanda zai iya rayuwa har cikin tsananin sanyi. Ana amfani dashi a magani, dafa abinci, adon ƙasa da kuma ƙirƙirar kayan kwaskwarima.

Menene magonia padubolisty yayi kama

M magonia m ne daga cikin Barberry iyali - Waɗannan su ne dicotyledonous fure shuke-shuke da aka haɗa a cikin tsari na Luciferous. Sun haɗa da nau'ikan sama da 40 waɗanda suka zama gama gari a Amurka da Asiya. Gardenersan lambu da ke Dutch sun karɓi sanannun nau'ikan irin su Apollo da Atropurpurea a cikin karni na 20.

Bayyanar

Bayanin bayyanar: mahonia na shuka yayi kama da daji ba tare da ƙaya tare da ganye mai haske ba. Flowersanan furanni suna da launin rawaya kuma suna cikin manyan inflorescences. An bar ganyaye tare da gefuna tare da denticles. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne shuɗi. Yana da wuya a sami daji na mahonia tare da ja ko fari berries. Shrub yayi girma zuwa mita 1.5. Bar ganye a lokacin rani sayo launin m-tagulla.

Menene nau'ikan magnesium

Magonia yana ƙetare tare da tsire-tsire daga ƙwayar barberry. Daga cikin shahararrun kayan ado, ana rarrabe masu zuwa:

• Gyada (f. Juglandifolia). Yayi kama da magonia. Bambanci a cikin ganye. Dankin yana da ƙananan ganye guda 7 akan kowane reshe. Bar suna da yawa tare da jan ganye.
• M (f. Gracilis). Bambanta daga nau'in hali a cikin ganye mai tsayi.
• Zinare (f. Aurea). Ganyen irin wannan mahonia yana da launi zinare.
• Kalar (f. Variegata). Ganyen yana da launi iri-iri, ya kunshi kore da launin zinare.

An samo nau'ikan Magonia a cikin yanayi

Wasu nau'ikan Mahonia suna da nasu halaye na namo da kulawa. Da ke ƙasa akwai wasu shahararrun nau'in halitta a cikin aikin lambu.

Mahonia rarrabuwa (Mahonia repens)

Shrub mai tsayi ne daga cm 20 zuwa 50. Ganyen suna da manyan kore. Yana blooms daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa farkon kaka. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun girma a ƙarshen bazara. Furen mahonia yana da launi na lemo. Dankin yana tsira ko da canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi.

Creeping

Jafanawa (mahonia japonica)

An bazu ko'ina cikin Japan da sauran yankuna masu zafi. Ya yi kama da Lily na kwari kwari cikin ƙanshi. Itacen ya girma zuwa 150 cm. Ana jagorantar inflorescences a cikin daban-daban kwatance. Furanni suna da haske mai launin rawaya mai haske.

Jafananci

Mahonia Lokacin sanyi

Dankin ya kai 200 cm sama. Blooms a cikin hunturu. A bayyanar tana tunatar da Jafananci.

Rana lokacin sanyi

Magonia Fremontii

Itacen ya girma zuwa cm 300. plantan shuka suna da ganye mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi. 'Ya'yan itace sunyi ja.

Fremonti

Mahonia brack Soft Kankara (Mahonia eurybracteata Soft Caress)

Dankin ya fito ne daga China. Ganye suna kunkuntar. Flowering faruwa a lokacin rani. An girma daji cikin kwantena na musamman da kuma a cikin katako.

Software

Mahonia Neubertii

Tsawon shuka ba ya wuce cm 110. Ganyen ba su da tsari.

Newbert

Mafi mashahuri iri a tsakanin lambu

Wadannan nau'ikan sune Hardy hunturu da unpreentious a cikin kulawa, wanda ya jawo hankalin masu lambu.

• Magonia Apollo (Apollo). Daji ya girma daga 50 zuwa 100 cm. Bar 25 cm tsawon suna da kaifi mai yatsa kuma ya kunshi faranti 7. A lokacin rani, su kore ne, kuma a faɗuwa sukan sami launin ruwan kasa. Furen ana fentin launin ruwan lemo. Berriesunƙasudin ruwan duhu mai duhu yana dauke da faty mai laushi akan bawo.
• Magonia atropurpurea (Autropurpurea). Tsawon daji ya kai cm 65. ganye ne duhu kore. A tsayi, ba sa wuce cm 30. Furanni masu launin shuɗi ne mai haske.
• Magonia Smaragd. Distinwararrun fasalin - ganye mai launin emram mai launin shuɗi tare da kyakkyawan tsarin jijiya.

Yadda Magonia da holly suke kiwo

Magonia yana kwance-da-zubin jini. Singleaya daga cikin daji bai da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Idan mai lambu ya shuka shuki a matsayin kayan ornamental da ciyawar Berry, to yana buƙatar dasa aƙalla tsirrai guda 2 a kusa. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yaduwar mahonia.

Yankan

Don yaduwar magonia ta hanyar m, ya zama dole a farkon bazara don yanke rassan tare da 6 buds. An dasa su cikin inuwa. Danshi cikin kasar yau da kullun. Kafin farkon hunturu, ana girbe dunƙule peud kuma an rufe shi da bambaro. Lokaci na gaba zasu saukowa a kan madaidaiciyar wuri.

Yankan

Raba Bush

A farkon bazara, lokacin da ruwan 'ya'yan itace bai fara motsawa a cikin akwati da rassan ba, an raba daji zuwa harbe da yawa. Trimming dasa a cikin wani ingataccen wuri a cikin saba hanya.

Maimaitawa

A cikin bazara, an saukar da ɗayan rassan shuka zuwa ƙasa kuma an saita shi tare da sashin ƙarfe. Ana cire ganyen da farko, kuma an saukar da ganyen da ke ƙasa tare da ƙasa. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin kulawa. A cikin bazara, seedling da suka yi nasarar haɓaka shine yaɗaɗa zuwa sabon wuri.

Noma

Wannan hanya ce ta cin lokaci. A cikin kaka, ana shuka iri a cikin ramuka 2 cm zurfi. Hakanan za'a iya dasa su a cikin bazara bayan daidaitawa a yanayin zafi daga 0 zuwa +5 digiri. An bar lingsyan itace a cikin inuwa. A cikin kaka an yi thinned fitar da zama a cikin kwalaye daban. Bayan shekaru 1.5, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Magonium zai fara farawa ta hanyar yin farashi a cikin shekaru 4.

Siffofin aikin lambu

Kulawa da narkar da magonia na ciki sun hada da shayarwa ta yau da kullun, ciyarwa, kulawa da daji daga kwari, da kuma girki. A shuka yana bukatar mai yawa danshi, lambu lambu ruwa kusa-kara da'irar kuma ba da ruwa da babba rassan. Kuna buƙatar yin wannan da yamma. Ba za a iya shayar da tsintsiyar tsohuwa ba idan yanayin bai yi tsauri ba. A cikin lokacin bazara mai zafi, yakamata a shayar da tsire-tsire sau 2 cikin kwanaki 14.

Kulawa

Ana ciyar da shayarwa sau biyu a cikin watanni 12: na farko a watan Mayu, da kuma na biyu a ƙarshen Fabrairu. Ana amfani da ma'adanai na ma'adinai azaman shi. Ana buƙatar 150 g na takin a kowace murabba'in murabba'in. Ana shirya ciyayi a cikin bude ƙasa don hunturu, yayyafa ƙasa da takin ko humus. Tsarin su ya zama akalla 6 cm.

Babu wata hanyar da za a iya kula da mahonia ba tare da yin juyin halitta ba. Ana yin hakan ne a duk lokacin girma. Kada a dasa daji kawai lokacin kaka. Ba zai da lokacin yin tushe kuma tare da farkon yanayin sanyi zai mutu. Hakanan, kulawa ya hada da pruning mara lafiya, bushe da kuma rassan daskararre a lokacin hunturu. Suna yin hakan a ƙarshen Fabrairu. Saboda haka bushes ba na bakin ciki fitar da zama mara kyau, ana yi pruning a watan Oktoba bayan da shuka daina Bloom.

Matasa bushes an rufe shi da rassan spruce kafin hunturu. Ya kamata a ɗanɗana shugannin tsofaffi cikin wannan man shafawa ɗaya kawai idan sun yi alkawarin sanyi. Shuka tayi tsira a hankali karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. Magonia fi son sako-sako da, ƙasa m. Mafi kyawun zaɓi don ƙasa shine ƙasa, ya ƙunshi humus, yashi da ƙasa mai sha.

Yaushe kuma yadda yake habaka

Fulawa yana wucewa daga watan Afrilu zuwa Mayu. Magonia yana nufin tsari na tsire-tsire na dicotyledonous. Wannan aji ne wanda furen yake aiki a matsayin ƙwayar haihuwa, kuma ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tana da cotyledons guda biyu waɗanda ke a gaɓoɓin. Furannin sun kunshi sepals 9 da kuma 6 na lemun tsami inuwa, ana tattara su cikin fasalin fasalin launi. An shirya ganyen cikin da'irori biyu.

Furanni

Anthers na buɗe ta hanyar nadawa, daga ƙasa zuwa sama. Tsakanin sepals da stamens a wasu nau'ikan, akwai da'irori biyu na nectaries. Ganyen kwaya babba yana daya kuma yana kunshe da carpel guda. Ovules suna da yawa, a wasu nau'ikan - kawai, keɓe tare da kayan ciki na ciki na kwai.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - berries na launin shuɗi. Sun kai 1 cm a tsayi kuma 0.7 cm nisa. A saman berries shine ƙarancin ruwa mara iska. A cikin 'ya'yan itace guda 2 2 tsaba.

Berries

Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma

Magonia yana da tsayayya ga kwari da cututtuka daban-daban. Koyaya, tare da kulawa mara kyau akan shuka, alamomi na tsatsa, gurɓataccen abu, da ƙyanƙyashe ana iya ganin su. Da ke ƙasa akwai jerin cututtukan cututtuka, da kuma shawarwari don maganin su.

• Spotting. Ya bayyana a cikin hanyar Crimson aibobi na masu girma dabam dabam akan ganyen shuka. Zasu iya yin halitta idan aka dasa shuka a wani wuri mai iska mai ƙazanta kuma saboda ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. Ana magance spotting ta hanyar fesawa tare da jami'ai masu ɗauke da jan ƙarfe ko polycarbacin.
• Powdery Mildew Wannan cuta ce ta fungal wacce ke shafar ganyayyaki da ’ya’yan itace. Ta yi kama da farin farin rufe shafi. Suna kula da daji a lokacin rani, sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2, suna fesa shi da Topsin-M ko karatan. A matsayin matakan hanawa, an dasa ciyayi tare da gaurayawan, wanda ya hada da babban adadin potassium da phosphorus.
• Tsatsa Cutar ta lalacewa ta hanyar naman gwari. Kamar dai bakin lemo ne a cikin ganyayyaki. Ba da da ewa, wadannan pustules crumble. A yayin da ka taba su a hannuwanku ya kasance m yashi - spores namomin kaza. Kishiya tana rage juriya kan sanyi, tana lalata yawan aiki. Ana inganta ci gabanta ta hanyar wuce haddi na takin nitrogen. Hakanan ana amfani da Cinab da samfuran dauke da sulfur don kawar da tsatsa.
• Phyllosticosis. Wannan cuta cuta ce da take yaduwa. Yankunan da aka shafa sun zama launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa. Ganyayyaki sun mutu akan lokaci, kuma adadin shukar ya ragu. Cutar tana yaduwar iska da ruwan sama. A naman gwari a hankali fara shiga cikin tushe, kazalika da tushen tsarin shuka. Don kawar da shi, da farko dole ne a cire abin da ya shafa da ciyawar, sannan a bi da daji tare da maganin kashe kwari.

Cutar

Babban alamomin da ke nuna cewa shugabar ta kula da daji ita ce samuwar aibobi, kazalika da sauran raunuka, faɗuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyayyaki da ganye. Idan shuka ya fara bushewa, to lallai ne a watsa shi zuwa wani sabon wuri, a datse duk wuraren da suka lalace, ruwa, sannan kuma a ƙara taki zuwa ƙasa. Idan ya cancanta, an fesa daji tare da wakilin "warkewa".

Daga cikin kwari, magonium, kamar barberry, yana jan hankalin waɗannan mutane:

• Aphids. Wata ƙarama ce da ke da launin rawaya ko ja, tana rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ganyen shuka. Aphids a hankali cinye daji. "Aliot" ko "Kinmix" bazai taimaka kawar da kai ba. Hakanan, ana yin samfur ɗin da kansa ta hanyar haɗar da cokali mai yawa na taba, sabulu da ruwa na ruwa 200 ml.
• Sawfly. Yana kama da caterpillar tare da baki baƙi da kafafu goma sha shida. Kwaro ya ci harbe da kuma ganye. Magungunan "DNOC" zai taimaka kawar da shi.
• Asu Wannan kwari yana cin 'ya'yan itacen mahonia da sauran bishiyoyi a gonar. Gwanin larba ne na malam buɗe ido tare da launin toka-mai launin shuɗi, wanda ke barin zuriyarsa a cikin ganye ko 'ya'yan itatuwa. Chingasarin kwari masu ƙyamar fara fara saurin shuka shuka. Rage shi da kwari.

Domin dukkan magunguna don yin aiki yadda yakamata, kafin fesawa, duk ganyen da abin ya shafa an yanke kuma an ƙone su. Suna ban ruwa daji kafin fitarwar ta bayyana.

Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi

Magonia yana cikin tsire-tsire na ornamental. Fruitsa fruitsanta da furanni suna da launi mai haske wanda ya dace daidai da tsarin shimfidar wuri. Ana yin shuka tsutsa akai-akai don ƙirƙirar bel na daji na ado. Matsakaicin adadin layuka na bushes a ciki 3-5. Duk da cewa irin wannan bel ɗin ya zama dole ne kawai don kyakkyawan kallo, yana kuma aiwatar da ayyuka masu amfani. Layuka na bushes na mahogany kare daga iska kuma kada ku bar amo.

Kadai bushes tsakanin Lawn duba ban sha'awa, amma irin wannan shuke-shuke da bukatar ƙarin kulawa. A kwana a tashi, tushen wuyansa ya fara yaƙi, wanda yake kaiwa ga mutuwa. Don guje wa wannan yanayin, an kafa rijiya a kusa da akwati. An yi shi ne ta hanyar karamin shinge ko benci. An haƙa wata bishiya don ƙirƙirar gangara.

Zane

Ana amfani da Magonia don ƙirƙirar shinge. Don sarrafa ci gaban tushen sa, a mataki na dasa shinge, ana toshe lebur ko kwalliyar ƙarfe a bangarorin. Don ƙirƙirar kwanon da ake so, bayan an gama fure, an yanke rassan wuce haddi. Har ila yau ana yin gyaran gashi lokacin bazara don kawar da rassan daskararre. Game da tsananin sanyi, ana jefa burlap akan shinge. Bugu da kari, masu zanen fili suna kirkirar hadadden kyawawan bishiyoyi tare da tsayayyun bishiyoyi, furanni masu fitila da furanni.

Abun da ke tattare da magonium ya hada da tannins da yawa, ascorbic acid da alkaloids. Amfani da cirewarsa a magani yana baka damar yakar cututtuka na tsarin jijiyoyin jini, hanjin ciki, kazalika da raguwar sukarin jini. Tare da kulawa da kyau, daji bazai iya bushewa tsawon shekaru ba. Bayan pruning, an dasa tsiron cikin sauri. Magonia ba shi da ma'ana a cikin barin kuma yana da haƙuri ga canje-canje.