Anthurium itace ɗayan shahararrun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsini waɗanda ke yin shinge na gida da ɗakunan ajiya. Inflorescences na tsire-tsire suna da haske sosai kuma suna da kyakkyawan tsari, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiran al'adun "harshe mai zafin wuta" ko "fure mai fitila."
Yadda ake kiwo anthurium, ya kamata ku san duk wanda ya tsunduma cikin kiwo mai kyau.
Yaduwa da tushen
Halittar Anthurium ta dangin Aroid kuma ya haɗa da kusan nau'ikan 900. Ana la'akari da manyan wuraren al'adu a Kudancin, Amurka ta Tsakiya da tsibirin Caribbean. Tsirrai na daji na iya girma ganye tsawon sa'a ɗaya. A gida, girman zai zama mafi matsakaici.
Sake bugun anthurium na faruwa:
- A tsaba
- Yankan
- Ganya
- Ta hanyar rarraba daji.
Dole ne a aiwatar da wannan tsari a hankali, ba tare da rush ba. In ba haka ba, matasa harbe na iya bushe da sauri. Furen yana da ƙima sosai a cikin kulawa, sabili da haka, yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.
Yadda ake dasa shuka tare da harbi tare da tushe
Ta yaya zan iya dasa tsarin anthurium tare da tushe? Ya kamata a yi wannan hanyar kawai a lokacin dasawa, a watan Afrilu - Agusta. Tushen tsarin uwa mai shuka da '' ya 'ya kamata ya zama tsirara.
A cikin bazara da bazara, hanyoyin ciyayi sun fi sauki, tsirrai da kansa suna haɓaka cikin sauƙi da aiki, yanayin zafin iska yana da girma kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga rayuwa mai kyau.
Kafin dasa shuki da harbe, shirya kasar gona (Turf ƙasa - humus da perlite 1: 3: 1 sassa) da tukunya (kada ta kasance mai fili).
Harbe tare da tushe
Mataki-mataki-mataki:
- An cire tsire a hankali daga tsohuwar tukunyar.
- Ballwallon ƙwallon ƙasa yana cikin ruwa don minti 5-10 kuma ya rabu da asalin sa.
- Yanke tare da wuka mai kaifi daga tsirewar mahaifiyar shine kawai matakai na kaikaice.
- Ana yayyafa yanki da gawayi ko kirfa mai kunnawa.
- An dasa furanni uwar a cikin tukunya, komai a ciki ya cika da ƙasa, dole ne a dasa shuki a cikin wani akwati dabam, ba tare da binne tushen ci gaban a cikin ƙasa ba. Kula da shi daidai yake da na saura mai shuka.
Mahimmanci! Tushen al'adun suna da rauni sosai, saboda haka suna da sauƙin rauni, kuma galibi ana iya lalata su gaba ɗaya. Ya kamata ku taɓa ƙoƙarin fitar da harbi tare da asalinsu - rhizomes za su tabbata tabbas, lallai ne ku bi ta babban mataki na dasa matasa ba tare da tushe ba. A wannan yanayin, shuka yana ɗaukar tushe na dogon lokaci kuma ba tare da jinkiri ba.
Ta yaya tsarin shuka ba tare da Tushen yake faruwa ba?
Yana faruwa da harbi ya rabu da shuka mahaifiyar cikin nasara, Tushen ya karye, ya zama mai rauni ko ya lalace.
Kafin dasa shuki irin waɗannan matakai a cikin tukunya daban, ya kamata a gwada su a cikin daskararren gansakuka, perlite ko yashi.
Mahimmanci! Da ake bukata kafin a dasa tushen shine sanya shuki a cikin karamin greenhouse. Domin harbi ya dauki tushe, da kuma tushen tsarin ya bunkasa sosai, zazzabi mai zafi da gumi sun zama dole. Zaɓuɓɓuka na iya zama jakar filastik, inda aka sanya tsari a cikin akwati, kazalika da kwandon filastik tare da murfin madaidaiciya wanda aka yi amfani dashi don dalilai na abinci, ko kuma kwalban yanke.
Kowace rana, yakamata a buɗe murfin greenhouse don samun iska domin kada shuka yayi birgima. Lokacin da tushen ya bayyana, an cire gidan kore, ana kuma dasa matakai a cikin tukunya.
Sprouts ba tare da tushe
Noma
Anthurium daga tsaba za a iya girma biyu bayan sayan kayan dasa, kuma tare da kai pollination na mazan shuka. Wannan tsari yana da matukar wahalar rayuwa kuma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, mara tasiri. Florists amfani da shi da wuya, tun da tsaba germinate sosai talauci, varietal haruffa za a iya rasa mai girma.
Kula! Idan an sayi tsaba don yin oda, koyaushe ya kamata ku duba kwanan tattara da tattarawa. Watanni 3-4 bayan girbi, iri ya rasa damar yaduwar ta. Yanzu sanannun tsaba don yin oda daga China ba su cikin buƙatun aiki kuma galibi suna da sake dubawa mara kyau, saboda samfurin da ba shi da kyau.
Tsarin shuka shine kamar haka:
- Tsaba suna soyayyen na mintina 15 a cikin maganin 1% na dindindin, sannan an shimfiɗa shi akan adiko na goge baki ko takarda don cire danshi mai laushi.
- To, su a ko'ina rarraba kan farfajiya m ƙasa, yafa masa saman daya ƙasa.
- Tsarin ƙasa na saman tsaba ya kamata ya zama bai wuce 3 mm lokacin farin ciki ba.
- Akwatin inda aka sanya tsaba an rufe shi da fim ko murfi. Yana da matukar mahimmanci don samar da damar yin amfani da ƙananan dumama, yaduwar haske mai haske da zafin jiki na +25.
- Bude gidan kore na tsawon mintuna 5-7 a kullum don samun iska.
Anthurium Seeds
Mafi kyawun tsaba na anthurium don girma ana yanyanzu. Su, a matsayinka na mai mulki, suna fitowa da sauri kuma kusan duk abin da aka shuka.
Tsaba
An ba da shawarar dasa su ba a cikin kwantena mai girma ba, tunda haɓakawa da haɓakawa zasuyi hankali da haka. Hakanan, kasar gona ya kamata a kwashe shi sosai, wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga saurin shuka na tsiro. Na farkon su sun riga sun bayyana makonni 2 bayan dasa shuki.
Ganyayyaki yaduwa
Yadda ake yaduwar anthurium tare da ganye - yanke babban ganye daga shuka mai girma tare da jijiyoyi masu kyau da tsayin tsayi daga santimita 3 zuwa 5. Duk nau'ikan al'adu na iya sauƙin amfani da hanyar yaduwar ganye, kuma yana ɗaukar ɗan ƙoƙari da lokaci.
Anthurium daga ganye
An kafa bututu a tsaye daga ganye da kuma sanya shi tare da ingantaccen itace a cikin ƙasa mai daɗin ruwa (cakuda yashi da peat, daidai gwargwado). A saman farfajiya, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana barin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na takardar, wacce gilashin gilashi ta rufe.
Irin wannan kore, wanda aka yi da kanka, an sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai haske mai haske. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa hasken rana kai tsaye ba ya fadi akan ta - ta gilashin can za su iya haifar da ƙonewa mai zafi ga petiole mai rauni. Kowace rana ya zama dole don iska da ƙasa da tsire-tsire, ba da ruwa tare da bindiga mai fesawa, har sai wani ƙaramin fure ya fito daga bututun ganye. Wannan zai nuna cewa tushen ya faru, ana iya canja shuka zuwa cikin janar na kulawa a cikin kulawa. Za a iya cire gilashin, matashin ya dasa shi cikin wani akwati tare da abin da aka riga aka shirya.
Informationarin bayani. Tushen za a iya girma ta hanyar sanya ganye tare da ciyawa a cikin ruwa. Ta yaya za a kauda tushen anthurium ta wannan hanyar: ana sanya ganye a ruwa, an dasa tushen haɓaka tushen sa. Babu fiye da 4-5 cm na takardar an sanya shi cikin ruwa. Al’adar hurawa zai fara ne bayan shekara daya.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Yadda ake yaduwa ta amfani da anthurium cuttings a gida - ɗauki karamin ɓangaren harba, wanda aka yanke daga ɓangaren kore na shuka.
Yankan
Ana yin yankan ne ta hanyoyi guda uku:
- Yin amfani da takardar (hanyar da aka bayyana a sama);
- Apical - tip na babban harbi;
- Tushen sararin sama - tushe yana da tushen sa.
Mafi ingancin waɗannan nau'in ana ɗaukarsu hanyar iska ne. Ah!n ya ƙunshi waɗannan masu biyowa:
- A cikin balagaggu kuma dole ne ingantaccen shuka, an yanke harbi mai ƙarfi tare da internodes kuma aƙalla ganye biyu. Ganyayyaki sun fashe kuma petioles ya ragu.
Kula! Don yin wannan, ya zama dole cewa daga baya duk rundunonin samari su ƙi zuwa abinci mai gina jiki na kore, amma takamaiman ci gaban tsarin sa da tushen sa.
- An dasa cuttings a cikin wani gurbin (yashi da peat, daidai gwargwado). Tushen iska kawai ya kamata ya kasance a cikin ƙasa, maɓallin girma yana saman saman.
- Dole ne a yayyafa shuka da yalwa daga kwalban feshi kuma an rufe ta da jaka ko kuma gilashin gilashi.
- Ganyen shinkafa ya bar wurin samun dumin-dumin da ɗumi. Kowace rana, kasar gona da harba suna samun iska tare da fesa tare da dan kadan ruwan zafi. Ana yin wannan ne saboda dalilin cewa shuka ba shi da damuwa saboda canje-canje a zazzabi a cikin gidan da aka dasa tare da fesawa tare da ruwan sanyi.
Informationarin bayani. Abincin yana ɗaukar tushen da sauri isa - sabon ganye ya bayyana a mako. Sannan za'a iya cire jakar ko tukunyar, ana dasa shukar a cikin tukunyar da ta keɓe.
Hakanan ana amfani da hanyar apical haihuwa. Ya yi kama da wannan:
- An yanke tip ɗin mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da wuka mai kaifi, an bar yanke don bushewa na mintina 15.
Mahimmanci! Abinda yakamata yakamata ya zama daidai tsawon cm 12 kuma dole ya sami ganye 2.
- Sa'an nan kuma an sanya harbi a cikin perlite, a tsabtace shi a cikin wani wuri mai haske mai dumuni inda zafin jiki na iska baya sauka a ƙasa + + digiri.
- Kowace rana yana da darajan ɗaukar fitar da ruwa daga kwalban feshi.
Ta wannan hanyar, Tushen zai fara bayyana bayan makonni uku. Zai dace a jira har sai sun zama kusan 3 cm, sannan za a iya dasa shuka a cikin tukunyar dindindin.
Kula! Duk irin hanyar da ake yaduwa, za a lalata wuraren da aka yanka kayan tsirar a jikin uwar. A saboda wannan dalili, Zelenka, potassium permanganate, kirfa ko carbon da aka kunna da carbon sun dace.
Sake bugun ta hanyar rarraba daji
A matsayin rabo na daji, zaku iya yada anthurium - rarraba mahaifiyar daji da dasa shuki a tsakiyar bazara, lokacin da shuka ya riga ya sami shekaru 3-4.
Tsarin rarraba Bush
Mataki-mataki-mataki yayi kama da wannan:
- Rabin sa'a kafin fara rarrabuwa, uwa uba tana shayar da yawa.
- Sannan a hankali an cire shi daga tukunya, dan kadan ya girgiza, an cire kasa sosai, Tushen da babu kyau.
Informationarin bayani. Idan, yayin zazzagewa, wasu tushen sun lalace, to ya kamata a yayyafa raunukan nan da nan tare da gawayi da kirfa mai aiki. Dole ne a cire tsarin tushen jujjuyawar lalacewa ko lalacewa, yana barin kawai mai lafiya ne.
- Dole ne a raba rarrabuwa ta yadda a kowane bangare akwai tasirin ci gaba kuma aƙalla ɗaya ganye.
- Kafin fara aiwatar da tushen harbe, ana barin su har tsawon awa ɗaya a cikin sabon iska domin rhizomes sun ɗan bushe.
- Ana dasa harbe har sai tushen ya kasance a matakin zurfin a cikin ƙasa wanda suke a cikin tsohuwar tukunya.
- Idan ya cancanta, goyi bayan shi ya kamata a makale a gaba, tun kafin dasa shuki fure. A matsayinka na mai mulki, musamman manyan harbe suna buƙatar shi.
- Tsawon watanni biyu zuwa uku, sabbin furannin da aka shuka ya kamata a fesa su da mafita na musamman na Epin, Kornevin, ko Heteroauxin.
Zai dace da kula da ƙarin kulawa na anthurium, yana buƙatar musamman, kusa da yanayin wurare masu zafi:
- Danshi yana da girma.
- Zazzabi iska ba ya ƙasa da digiri 24, a kaka da damuna, yayin da shuka yake hutawa, an yarda da rage zuwa digiri 18-20, amma ba ƙasa ba.
- Babu dalilinda yakamata a sami gwajin.
- Watering ba m, amma yalwatacce. A lokacin girma - lokaci 1 cikin kwanaki 3, a cikin hunturu - lokaci 1 a mako. Ya kamata ruwa ya zama mai laushi, ya zauna kuma a mai da shi zuwa digiri 25.
Mahimmanci! Ba za ku iya barin ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi ba - don haka tushen al'adun zai kamu da cututtukan fungal ko za a rufe shi da ƙira.
- An gabatar da riguna masu kyau a cikin bazara da bazara tare da taimakon ma'adinan ma'adinai ko takin gargajiya.
- Juyawa yana yi wa matasa bushes kowace shekara, ga tsofaffi - sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3 ya isa.
Haihuwar Anthurium a gida ba shi da wahala ko da farawa ne. Dole ne ku bi duk ka'idodi, kuma fure mai ban mamaki zai faranta muku rai da furanni masu launuka, kare gidan da dangi, kamar yadda ƙimus suka faɗi, dawo da ƙarfi da juriya ga maza, da kuma caji mata da ingantaccen ƙarfin aiki.