A magani na zamani na zamani, maganin rigakafi sune daya daga cikin kungiyoyin masu amfani da abubuwa masu ilimin halitta wanda mutane suke amfani dashi. Domin fiye da shekaru goma, wadannan mahaɗin sun taimaka masu shayarwa su magance matsalolin da yawa, wanda hakan ya ƙaru ba kawai yadda ya dace da aikin noma ba, har ma da amfani da gonar shanu, ciki har da shanu. A cikin wannan labarin za mu dubi bayyane a manyan nau'in maganin maganin rigakafi na dabbobi, da kuma ka'idoji don amfanin lafiyarsu a kula da dabbobi.
Darajar maganin rigakafin dabbobi
A yau, maganin rigakafin maganin likita na dabbobi yana daya daga cikin manyan matsayi dangane da samar da masana'antu. Tare da taimakonsu, masu shayarwa a duniya suna fama da ciwo iri iri, da kuma amfani da ƙarin ciyarwa. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a kara yawan aikin dabba na dabba, wanda sakamakon haka ba'a gano nauyin kaya kawai a cikin shanu ba, har ma da karuwa a cikin ƙarar samfurori na dabba na dabba. 
A halin yanzu, ƙwayoyin dabbobi ba tare da maganin kwayoyin cutar ba zai yiwu ba. Harkokin kiwo na shanu na samar da kayan kiwon dabbobi a kusa da juna kuma sau da yawa a cikin karamin yanki. Yankin yanki, da kuma 'yanci na motsa jiki, ya sa dabbobin su rage yawan aikin tsaro na jiki, saboda haka, ba tare da maganin rigakafi ba, waɗannan dabbobi suna fama da rashin lafiya kuma suna shan wahala daga nau'o'in pathologies.
Shin kuna sani? Na farko kwayoyin da aka saki a cikin masana'antu samar da salvarsan. Ya faru a 1910 godiya ga Jamus bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich.
Bugu da ƙari, kiyaye dabbobi a cikin yanayin da ke cikin damuwa yana taimakawa wajen samar da wata ƙasa mai kyau don bunkasa cututtuka daban-daban. A wannan yanayin, gabatarwar lokaci a cikin jiki masu amfani da kwayoyi masu ƙarfi shine ƙaddarar da zata iya hana yaduwar cututtukan cututtuka a cikin jama'a. Bukatar irin wannan matakan don garken shanu ne kuma saboda yanayin buƙatar gona don sake tsara dabbobi. Wannan yana haifar da matsananciyar damuwa ga shanun, wanda a baya har ma da rashin lafiya mai tsanani zai iya haifar da mutuwar dabbobi. Don guje wa wannan, an yi amfani da maganin rigakafi, wanda zai iya dakatar da irin waɗannan matakai a farkon matakai. 
Amfani da ilimin kwayoyin cutar yana da amfani ga gonaki. Irin waɗannan kwayoyi sun taimaka wajen rage yawan farashin abinci, kuma kusan kusan kauce wa duk wani asarar ga masana'antu. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa a yadda ya dace da kiwon dabbobi, da kuma tasiri mai kyau a kan yawan amfanin da aka samu na samarwa. A sakamakon haka, yana yiwuwa a rage farashin karshe na kayayyakin dabbobi don masu amfani, kuma wannan yana daga cikin tushen da zai taimaka wajen yaki yunwa a duniya.
Amma maganin rigakafi suna da wasu siffofin amfani. Dole ne a kusantar da irin wannan hanyar da kulawa mai kyau, tun da yin amfani da kwayoyi ba daidai ba yana rinjayar jikin dabbobi. Kada ka manta cewa irin waɗannan kayan aiki basu saba da amfani da shanu masu ciki. Sakamakon maganin rigakafi zai iya haifar da mahaukaciyar mahaukaci har ma da mutuwa. Abubuwan da aka ware kawai sune kwayoyi ne da suka danganci abubuwa na jiki (penicillin, macrolides, cephalosporins, da dai sauransu).
Yana da muhimmanci! Ana amfani da maganin rigakafi ne kawai don manufar likitan dabbobi, in ba haka ba yin amfani da kwayoyi ba tare da amfani ba ne na iya haifar da mummunar tasirin jikin dabbobi.
Alurar rigakafi don shanu
Daga cikin manyan nau'o'in kwayoyi, maganin maganin rigakafi yana da matsayi na gaba. Masana kimiyya na zamani sun san fiye da dubu biyu na mahallin wannan rukuni, daga cikinsu akwai nau'o'in halitta da na roba, wanda ke hade da haɓakar halittu masu rai ga waɗannan abubuwa. Amma daga cikinsu akwai ƙungiyar taƙasasshe na maganin maganin rigakafi mai kyau da marasa amfani waɗanda basu rasa aikin su fiye da shekara guda ba.
Tetracycline
Kyakkyawar miyagun ƙwayar cuta ta antibacterial tare da tasiri mai yawa, dangane da sinadaran jiki. Samun su ta hanyar hakar daga al'adar ruwa na kwayar cutar Streptomyces aureofaciens. 
Ana amfani da Tetracycline sau da yawa don bi da kowane nau'in cututtuka wadanda suke da tsayayya ga penicillin da sauran abubuwa marasa aiki. An sake tetracycline a cikin nau'i na kwamfutar hannu, yawan adadin mai aiki a cikin irin wannan kwamfutar ta 0.1 g. Ana amfani da kwayoyin maganin salmonellosis, colibacillosis, pasteurellosis, ciwon huhu, da kuma sauran cututtuka da suke da alaka da tetracyclines. An yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a fili, a cikin kashi 20 MG / samfurin, kowane 12 hours. A tsawon lokacin farfajiya shine kwanaki 5-7.
Kara karantawa game da bayyanar cututtuka da jiyya na colibacillosis da bronchopneumonia na calves.
Penicillin
Magungunan antimicrobial na fadi da dama. An yi amfani da wakili don magance magungunan kwayoyin cutar da kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin halitta ta Bacillus, Neisseria, Pasteurella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, da dai sauransu. An shirya wannan shiri ta hanyar cire mutum daga mahaluki na al'ada mai suna Magicillium. Penicillin an samar da shi a cikin nau'i na fata crystalline foda na potassium da benzylpenicillin sodium gishiri (1000000 IU). 
An yi amfani da wakili don intramuscular ko injections intravenous - don yin wannan, da foda an narkar da a cikin daskararre distilled ruwa ko 0.5% novocaine bayani. An yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi sau 4-6 a rana, kashi guda na benzylpenicillin ga manya daga 3000 zuwa 5000 U / kg na nauyin jiki, ga matasa matasa - kimanin 5000 U / kg na nauyi jiki. Tsawon lokacin magani shine kwanakin 5-6, amma tare da ciwon haɗari masu tsanani, an yi tsawon lokaci zuwa kwanaki 7-10.
Shin kuna sani? Penicillin an gano shi ba zato ba tsammani a 1928, a lokacin daya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da masanin burbushin baƙar fata Birtaniya Alexander Fleming ya shahara.
Streptomycin
Bautariostatic magani na asali halitta. Abubuwan da aka tsara sun ware daga al'ada al'adar kwayar cutar Streptomyces globisporus.
An yi amfani dashi pathogenic microorganisms na dabbobi da cewa sa mastitis, ciwon huhu, meningitis, leptospirosis, tularemia, kamuwa da diplococcal, endometritis, endocarditis, sepsis, campylobacteriosis, actinomycosis da sauran cututtukam zuwa streptomycin sulfate. 
Anyi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin nau'in furotin na fata wanda aka yi amfani dashi ga intramuscular zurfi, intraperitoneal, intraperitoneal, intracavitary, intrauterine injections, da kuma waje.
Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi sau 2 a rana, da safe da maraice. Don yin wannan, streptomycin an narkar da a bakararre distilled ruwa ko 0.5% bayani na novocaine. Ɗaya daga cikin kashi na tsofaffi shine 5 MG na streptomycin sulfate / kg nauyin jiki, ga dabbobi marayu - kimanin nauyin jiki na 10 mg / kg. Jimlar lokacin farfajiya ta kasance daga 4 zuwa 7 days.
Ƙara koyo game da maganin mastitis (purulent), leptospirosis, endometritis, bovine actinomycosis.
Ceftiocline
Cephalosporin kwayoyin tare da fadi da kewayon effects. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne mai kama ruwa dakatar da launin rawaya ko haske launin ruwan kasa yana da. Ceftioclin ana amfani dasu don magance cututtritis da shanu da shanu a cikin shanu, da kuma cututtuka na numfashi.ya haifar da shan kashi na kwayoyin ta kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin cutar ta jiki, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides. 
Shigar da kayan aiki subcutaneously ko intramuscularly ba fiye da 1 lokaci a kowace rana ba. Dabba ɗaya don dabbobi shine 1 ml na miyagun ƙwayoyi / 50 kilogiram na nauyin jikin dabbobi. Tsawon farfadowa na cututtuka na respiratory fili ya bar kwanaki 3 zuwa 5, amma idan ya cancanta, farfadowa yana tsawo har sai bayyanar cututtuka na kamuwa da cuta ta ɓace.
Karanta kuma game da cututtukan shanu: hypodermatosis, chlamydia, brucellosis, teliasiosis, babesiosis, dictyocaulosis, acidosis, leptospirosis, rabies, EMCAR, clostridiosis, kanananpox, bursitis, allergies.
Amoksisan
Kwayoyin kwayoyin sifofi, wanda ke cikin rukunin penicillin. An samo shi ta hanyar hakar mutum wanda aka tsara daga al'adar al'adu na gwargwadon ƙwayar halitta mai suna Penicillium da kuma cigaba da ingantawa a dakin gwaje-gwaje. 
Amoxisan wani fitinar ruwa ne na launin launin rawaya (wani lokaci tare da kadan fararen fata). Ana amfani da Amoxisan don magance nau'i-nau'i na kwayar cutar ta jiki a cikin sassan jikin respiratory, fili na gastrointestinal, tsarin haifuwa, urinary tract, da gidajen abinci da kayan kyama. Gabatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar intramuscular ko subcutaneous injections, tare da lissafi na 0.1 ml / kg jiki nauyi. Nemi magani sau ɗaya, amma idan ya cancanta kuma a gyara sakamakon bayan sa'o'i 48, sake maimaita.
Shin kuna sani? An sake fitar da kwayoyin kwayoyin halittu na farko a duniya a shekarar 1961 da kamfanin Beecham na Amurka. Wannan shi ne ampicillin miyagun ƙwayoyi na duniya, wanda magani ya yi amfani da shi har yau.
Gentam
Ƙananan kwayoyin halitta-kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta, wadanda ke da alaka da kwayoyin hade da kwayar penicillin. An samo shi ta hanyar gyaggyara maganin rigakafi na halitta wanda aka rufe ta hanyar gwargwadon ƙwayar jikin mutum na Penicillium. Gentam yana da cikakkiyar dakatarwa don allura.
Wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi ya hana yawan adadin kwayoyin cutar da kwayoyin cutar, don haka an yi amfani da shi sosai don magance cututtuka daban-daban na sashin jiki na numfashi, ƙwayar gastrointestinal, tsarin urinary, gidajen abinci, tare da launi na fata da kyallen takarda, kazalika da necrobacteriosis da mastitis.
Shigar da kayan aiki 1 lokaci a kowace rana ta hanyar subcutaneously ko intramuscularly, tare da lissafin 0.1 ml / 10 kilogiram na nauyin dabba. Tsawon lokacin farfajiyar yana daga 2 zuwa 5 days, amma, idan ya cancanta, an tsawo.
Bincika tsarin shirin rigakafi na shanu.
Oflosan
Antimicrobial da wakili na antimycoplasma na fadi da yawa, na ƙungiyar fluoroquinolones. Maganin motsa jiki yana hana ci gaban wasu kwayoyin halitta, irin su kwayoyin cutar Escherichia, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter, Haemophilus da Staphylococcus. Oflosan wani ruwa ne mai duhu ko rawaya inuwa mai haske (tare da tsawon lokacin ajiya wani dan kadan turbidity na ruwa yana da izinin, wanda bace bayan tashin hankali). 
Yi amfani da kayan aiki don magance cututtuka da dama na gastrointestinal tract, numfashi, tsarin urinary, da ciwon zuciya, colibacteriosis, streptococcosis, salmonellosis, peritonitis, septicemia, necrotizing enteritis da sauran ciwo. Yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar magana, 1 lokaci a kowace rana, tare da lissafin nau'in kilogiram na kilo mita 10 na dabba. Don salmonellosis, ciwo da ciwo na kullum, an yi naman kilo 1 na miyagun ƙwayoyi cikin lita 1 na ruwa kuma an yi amfani dashi don ciyar da dabbobi a cikin yini. Tsawancin magani tare da mailoshi daga 3 zuwa 5 days.
Karanta kuma game da bayyanar cututtuka (tari, zawo) da cututtuka na calves: cututtukan tsoka tsoka, rickets, dyspepsia, hernia.
Efikur
Kwayoyin maganin da ke da nasaba da ƙarni na 4 na cephalosporins. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da tasiri mai karfi na bacteriostatic akan kwayoyin cuta na dabbobi. Bisa ga maganin rigakafi na al'ada da ke ɓoye daga al'adun kwayoyin halitta Cephalosporium acremonium. 
Efikur wani nau'i ne mai tsabta mai kamawa ko bayani tare da wani tinge kadan. An yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don biyan nau'in cututtuka na numfashi, har ma don magance ƙwayar cuta ta ƙwararrun ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar cututtuka na kwayan cuta. Ana gudanar da Efikur 1 lokaci a kowace rana, ta hanyar injections intramuscular, tare da lissafin nauyin jiki na 1 ml / 50. Tsawancin irin wannan farfadowa sau da yawa daga 3 zuwa 5 days.
Yana da muhimmanci! An haramta shi sosai don gudanar da sha'anin kwari a cikin dabbobin da ke dauke da maganin rigakafi na kungiyar beta-lactam. In ba haka ba, dabba na iya haifar da girgiza anaphylactic.
Ceftiosan
Babban wakili na bacteriostatic mai karfi, wanda ke da kwayoyi na ƙungiyar cephalosporin. Ceftiosan na da asali na asali, babban magungunan aiki na samfurin an ware shi daga al'ada al'adar kwayoyin halitta Cephalosporium acremonium. A bayyanar, magani yana da nau'i na dakatarwa, tare da halayyar haske inuwa mai haske. 
Ceftiosan yana da tasiri mai tsanani a kan wani bangare mai mahimmanci na suturar cututtuka wanda ya haifar da nau'in cututtuka na numfashi, da necrobacteriosis da endometriosisciki har da wakilan dan adam Streptococcus, Actynomyces, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Escherichia, Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Proteus da Fusobacterium. An yi amfani da Ceftiosan a matsayin ruwan inuwa don tsarin intramuscular. Shigar da kayan aiki ba fiye da lokaci 1 a kowace rana ba, tare da lissafin nauyin kilo 1/50 na dabba. Tare da ciwo na numfashi, tsawon lokacin farfadowa daga 3 zuwa 5 days, tare da necrobacteriosis - ba fiye da kwanaki 3 ba, tare da endometriosis - kimanin kwanaki 5.
Masu shayarwa za su kasance da amfani don koyi game da cututtuka na shanu: cututtuka na nono, hooves da kafafu, gidajen abinci.
Masafi
Magungunan kwayoyin cututtukan kwayoyin cutar daga kwayar cutar penicillin, wanda ke da tasiri mai yawa. An shirya tare da taimakon gyaran gyare-gyare na halitta na kwayoyin bactericidal wanda aka ba da launi na jinsin Penicillium a cikin aikin da suke da muhimmanci. 
Yana da ruwa mai yalwaci mai laushi tare da tinge rawaya. Ana amfani da kayan aiki ne don magance matsalolin da dama ke haifar da kwayar cutar ta jiki da kwayoyin cuta, ciki har da cututtuka na gastrointestinal tract, mahaukaci, tsarin urogenital, sassan jiki na numfashi, kayan kyama, da dai sauransu.. Yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi sau ɗaya, don ƙwayar cututtuka ko intramuscular injections, tare da lissafin kilo 1/10 na nauyin dabba. Idan ya cancanta, ana sake sarrafa wakili, amma ba a baya fiye da sa'o'i 48 ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yin amfani da wasu kungiyoyi biyu ko fiye da maganin maganin rigakafin kwayoyi an yarda su a lokuta masu ban mamaki kuma kawai ƙarƙashin kulawa da likitan dabbobi.
Yaushe zan iya sha madara bayan maganin rigakafi?
Kusan dukkanin maganin rigakafi da aka sani sune ke kasancewa cikin jiki, ciki har da ƙwayoyin kayan lalata. Abin da ya sa wadannan magungunan sun samu cikakkiyar saturate kusan dukkanin kwayoyin halitta, kyallen takarda da kuma nau'in halittu, ciki har da madara. Wannan wata al'ada ce, tun da yake wannan yanayin ne wanda ke haifar da mummunan bacteriostaticity na maganin rigakafi dangane da kwayoyin halitta marasa lafiya.
Lokaci na raguwa irin wannan mahadi yakan dogara ne akan nau'in abu. Yawancin mahaukaci na penicillin sun bar jiki gaba daya bayan kwana 3-5, yayin da kwayoyi masu amfani da kwayoyi sun bukaci kimanin kwanaki 14. Duk da haka, idan dabba yana da kwayar da ke da rauni sosai ta hanyar kamuwa da cutar, an rage yawan aikin da ake yi akan metabolism a kan wannan batu, wanda hakan ya shafi rinjayar maganin maganin rigakafi. Abin da ya sa, bisa ga bukatun dabbobi na gaba, bayan maganin kwayoyin cutar Dabbobin dabbobin ba su dace da amfani don kwanaki 20-25 masu zuwa, tun da allurar karshe. 
Magungunan rigakafi sune magungunan magungunan kwayoyi, ba tare da yanda ba'a iya gudanar da shayarwa na zamani ba. Wadannan magungunan suna da tasiri mai tsanani akan cutar da dama da kuma taimakawa wajen dakatar da annoba a farkon matakai. Amma irin wannan ma'anar ya kamata a kula da dabbobi ne kawai a ƙarƙashin kulawa da masu fama da kwarewa, in ba haka ba maganin maganin zai haifar da mummunan yanayin kiwon lafiyar dabba.
