Ginin gine-gine masu fadi shine tsada mai tsada, kuma wasu 'yan lambu zasu ba da kansu damar rarraba kayan don amfanin gona daban-daban. Yawanci sau da yawa akwai buƙatar haɗin amfanin gona da ke da nau'o'in bukatu.
Mutane da yawa masu aikin lambu sunyi mamaki ko zai iya haifar da irin waɗannan yanayi da microclimate don haka cucumbers da tumatir suna jin dadi a cikin dakin. Dukkan hanyoyin da za a dasa shuki guda biyu a wani gine-gine za a tattauna a wannan labarin.
Shin yana yiwuwa a shuka amfanin gona tare a cikin wani greenhouse?
Shin yana da daraja?
Tumatir da kokwamba iri iri ne, don haka lokacin da aka tambaye su idan za a dasa su a gefen juna, amsar za ta yiwu, amma wannan zai haifar da wasu matsalolin.
Tun da yawan watering, zafi mai iska, ƙimar haske, yawan dressings ga kowane tsire-tsire-daban - dole ne ka sami hanyar haifar da yanayi ga kowane ɗayansu. A cikin wani microclimate ba daidai ba, tsire-tsire suna da rashin lafiya kuma sun bushe, sabili da haka Babban matsala ita ce haɗuwa da yanayi daban-daban.
Masu lambu, waɗanda suka dogara da yawan amfanin ƙasa, kada su dasa cucumbers da tumatir tare. Amma wadanda suke da sha'awar tsarin kanta, kuma ba yawan yawan amfanin gona ba a kilo, yana da yiwuwar yin wannan matsala, amma abu mai ban sha'awa.
Gwani da kuma fursunoni
Lokacin da waɗannan al'adun suke a kusa, ana nuna bambancin wadannan abubuwa masu banbanci:
- Tsire-tsire iri iri suna shafar juna;
- suna da matakai masu banbanci a fasahar noma;
- yana buƙatar halittar yanayi daban-daban.
Daga cikin al'amurran da ke da kyau, yana yiwuwa a yayata gaskiyar cewa co-wuri yana adana sararin samaniya, hanya ce mai mahimmanci don samar da kayan lambu daban-daban da yankin. Bugu da ƙari, al'adu daban-daban na hana lalata ƙasa ba tare da yaduwa ba, wanda yana da sakamako mai kyau a kan dandano 'ya'yan itace. Shawara mafi tayarwa shine cewa yana da amfani ga tattalin arziki don gina gine-gine guda.
Ayyuka na shirye-shirye
Mene ne ya kamata ya zama wani gine-gine na kowa?
Don tumatir thermophilic kai kudancin gefen greenhouse. Kokwamba suyi daidai da gefen arewacin, kamar yadda hasken rana ke haskakawa. Idan gine-gine yana kusa da wani gini, to, ya fi kyau a sanya cucumbers a gefe inda inuwa ta kusa da ginin ya fāɗi.
Mafi kyau yawan zazzabi don ci gaba da girma tumatir - 21-26, ko da yake wannan kayan aikin yana dauke da yanayi mai kyau. Har ila yau, yana buƙatar yin amfani da iska sau da yawa kuma bai buƙatar bugun ruwa mai yawa.
Cucumbers, a akasin wannan, na bukatar m danshi da kuma matsanancin zafi a dakin. Sun kusan ba su buƙatar iska, da yawan zafin jiki don girma da ovary shine 19-23 ° C.
Amma tare da karfin sanyi mai tsanani, ana shuka tsire-tsire da dare (a kasa 18 ° C). Bugu da ƙari, ruwan da ake bukata domin cucumbers, sakamako mai cutarwa a kan tsarin pollination tumatir, pollen sandunansu tare, kuma idan yawan zafin jiki ya wuce 30 ƙira, furanni zasu iya fadi a kowane lokaci. Cikakken microclimate yana haifar da ci gaba da cututtukan fungal a cikin tumatir.
Tabbatar tabbatar da nisa tsakanin al'adu. An yi imani da cewa sararin samaniya yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan zafi da zafin jiki, to, kayan lambu za su iya canja wuri mai sauki. An dasa shuki a cikin raguwa ko a tsakiyar gine-ginen, kuma cucumbers sun fi nesa daga kofa da kuma raguwa, kuma kusa da ganuwar greenhouse (zoning).
Rabuwar lokacin shigar da ɓangaren ɓangaren da ke tattare da kayan lambu ya fi dacewa. Hakika, dole ne ku samar da hanyoyi guda biyu, amma a sakamakon haka, kowace shuka za ta sami cikakken kula da microclimate da yake bukata. Don samun kyakkyawan sakamako kuma girma amfanin gona mai kyau na duka tumatir da cucumbers, yana da daraja amfani da polycarbonate greenhouse na musamman don dasa shuki da girma - shi ne mafi dace shuka shuke-shuke a gare su, kuma shuke-shuke suna warmer a can.
Idan tsarin zanen masana'antu ba ya ƙunshe da sashi na ciki, an sanya su ne kawai daga mai yawa polyethylene ko plexiglas. Irin waɗannan sassan zasu taimaka wajen kiyaye microclimate daban daban kuma tsara nau'in watering.
Musamman iri don cin-namo
Yanayin iri yana da mahimmanci. Daga gefen tumatir, mahimman ka'idoji sunyi tsayayya da martaba da kuma karamin microclimate. Agronomists sun bunkasa iri-iri iri-iri da cewa, tare da karfi na rigakafi, jure wa zafi sosai sosai.
Daga cikin tsire-tsire tumatir bambanta iri:
- Dubrava;
- De Barao Black;
- Oak itace;
- Dwarf;
- Union 8;
- Blizzard;
- Tsar Bitrus;
- La la fa fa;
- Sabon Shekara;
- Lark
Amma ga cucumbers, sun zaɓa sanyi-resistant da kuma resistant zuwa matuƙar matuƙar. Tun da tsarin mulki bai dace ba yana haifar da dukan cututtukan da ke tafiya zuwa tumatur da ke kusa da su.
Kokwamba matasan zasu iya jurewa iska ta yau da kullum, don haka wajibi ne don tumatir, kuma suna da tsayayya ga cututtuka da yawa.
Don haɗin haɗin gwiwa zabi iri:
- Masha;
- Leandro;
- Crane;
- Amfana;
- Princess;
- Gurbin kalma;
- Pasadena;
- Natalie;
- Ɗan jaririn;
- Nightingale;
- Diva.
Ground
Ƙasa shirye-shiryen farawa a cikin kaka, taki, humus, kuma a saman an dage farawa a cikin gadaje. Ƙara takin gargajiya. Daga sama, an rufe kome da launi na duniya, kuma ta bazara ruwan gona mai kyau don kayan lambu zai kasance a shirye. Bayan 'yan makonni kafin dasa shuki ƙasa a cikin greenhouse yana mai tsananiDon wannan dalili, ana rufe shi da fim din baki kuma an rufe ƙofar.
Disinfection yana da muhimmin wuri a shirye-shirye na kasar gona, mafi kyawun zaɓin shine ya bi da ƙasa tare da bayani na potassium permanganate.
Hakika, don dasa shuki seedlings, wasu amfani da samfurori sayi, amma zaka iya shirya irin wannan abun da ke ciki:
- Suna daukar peat a matsayin tushen, ƙara humus, sawdust, yashi a cikin wani rabo na 1: 1: 0.5.
- Sai suka tono sama da wadatar da shi tare da superphosphate guda biyu (teaspoons 2) da itace ash (0.5 kg).
Ƙasa kafin dasa shuki tare da urea, potassium sulfate da potassium Magnesia.
Yadda za a shuka: umarnin mataki zuwa mataki
Yana da wuya a ce daidai lokacin da shuka shuke-shuke a cikin greenhouse. Ya dogara ne da yanayin hawan gwargwadon yankin, da yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa, kakar girma na cultivar. Kokwamba suna da sanyi, kuma an dasa su a cikin gine-gine daga farkon Afrilu har zuwa karshen watan Mayu, domin kwanakin tumatir sun kasance daga farkon watan Mayu zuwa farkon Yuni. Yawan zazzabi ya kamata ba kasa da 15 ° C, wannan ya shafi ƙasa.
Tsaba
Kafin a shuka tsaba ana tsara su kuma an cire su da duhu.- Don ginawa a cikin tsire-tsire tsayayya da sanyaya, ana kashe gurasar shuka (sanya a cikin sanyi don kwanakin da yawa).
- Har ila yau, suna gudanar da aikin gina jiki da kuma tsaftacewa da manganese bayani (1%).
- Don ci gaba da tsire-tsire na tsaba suna raye. An ba da shawara kada a jefa su a cikin ruwa, amma don wanke gashin da kuma kunsa tsaba a cikinta. Idan kayan dasa abu ne na babban inganci, za su shiga cikin kwanaki 5.
- Sa'an nan kuma ana shuka su a cikin kwantena da aka shirya (kofuna ko kwalaye). Don yin wannan, tsaftace ƙasa, kuzantar da tsaba, ku rufe su da wani bakin ciki na bakin ciki (0.5-1 cm).
- Don hana fitarwa daga cikin ruwa da kuma hanzarta samar da tsirrai, ana rufe nau'in akwati da fim.
- Bayan bayyanar 4-5 gaskiya ganye, seedlings suna transplanted cikin ƙasa.
Kafin a shuka tsaba ana tsara su kuma an cire su da duhu.Seedlings
Seedlings bukatar mu na bakin ciki da kuma swoop sauka.Ana yin haka don cire ƙananan rassan da ba su da kyau kuma don samar da karfi mai girma don ci gaba da cigaba da ci gaba. A cikin ƙananan harbe zai kasance mai rauni kuma elongated.
Ɗaukar ɗaukar kaya, dauka bishiyoyi guda biyu kuma dashi su wuri mai shiri, kulawa kada su lalata tushen. Lokacin da aka dasa cikin ƙasa, rijiyoyin da layuka suna shirye a gaba. Ana shuka shruɗun kai tsaye tare da clod na duniya a tushe da cikin ƙasa mai laushi. Kasashen da ke kusa da rami suna dan kadan kuma suna shayarwa.
Kokwamba seedlings suyi tsayayya da tsire-tsire, tushensu suna da rauni sosai, don haka a lokacin da ake amfani da tafarkin iriwa yafi kyau a dauki akwati ba tare da kasa ba, ko wanda za'a iya dasa shi da wani tsirrai (takarda takarda). Lokacin da dasa a cikin ƙasa mai yalwa, an sanya tsaba a cikin rami, ba fiye da lita 4-5 a kowace mita mita ba, ko tare da nisa tsakanin tsaba kimanin 40 cm.
Game da halaye na haɗin gwaninta na cucumbers da tumatir, waɗannan sun haɗa da:
- Control of zafi da yawan zafin jiki - mafi kyau zažužžukan su ne 70% zafi da kuma 25 °.
- Tsattsauran ƙarancin daji da kuma dasa shuki amfanin gona a kan gadaje masu tsada, tare da wannan hanyar rabuwa za a iya shuka tsire-tsire iri iri.
- A gado na greenery a cikin wani na kowa greenhouse zai taimaka kula da ake so zafi.
- A gaban ɓangare don tallafawa yanayi daban-daban yana da sauki.
Hotuna
A ƙasa za ku iya ganin irin yadda ake shuka albarkatu a cikin lambun gine-gine, bayan an dasa su:
Yadda ake kulawa?
Watering da taki
Kafin flowering, ana shayar da kokwamba sau ɗaya a kowane kwana biyar, lokacin da suka yi fure - sau biyu ko sau uku a mako, a cikin wani lokacin zafi - kowace rana, ba sanyi ba, sai dai ruwan zafi. Ana amfani da matakai mafi girma cikin rayuwar shuka, kimanin lokaci 1 a cikin kwanaki 7-10 (yawan adadin taki a kowace kakar - sau 5-6). Yi amfani da takin mai magani ma'adinai, amfani bisa ga umarnin kan kunshin.
An shayar da tumatir a asalin, kimanin sau ɗaya a mako, yana maida hankali kan bushewa na saman Layer na kasar gona, kamar dai yadda yake a cikin kokwamba, an sha ruwan da zafi. Safiyar hawan ya kamata ya zama nitrogenous, saboda wannan dalili suna amfani da taki da kaza, da superphosphate da ash. Urea kuma ya dace. Ana amfani da takin mai magani a bayan watering kowane kwanaki 10.
Trimming da pinching, pasynkovanie
Don ƙãra yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma inganta dandano cucumbers, yi nip da pasynkovanie. Har zuwa rabin mita, an cire dukkanin matakai na lakabi, a sama - an harbe tsintsiya a gefen tazarar bayan leaf na farko, a tsawon mita 1.5, an yi amfani da filawa bayan bayanan na biyu. Yana juya - mafi kusa da tushen, mafi guntu gefen harbe.
Ana farawa bayan 4 ganye ya bayyana a kan kara. Duk furanni da spikes da yawa sune hadaya har sai leaf na goma sha ɗaya ya bayyana, sa'an nan kuma toshe sama.
Har ila yau, tumatir ya kamata a kwashe su, saboda haka sun cire dukkanin harbe-harbe, barin babban tushe. Sanya saman da aka yi bayan 'ya'yan itace bakwai na goga. Don tumatir girma, za ku iya barin maɓallin ganima.
Samfurori, rataye
Liana kokwamba kulle kowane mako. Don yin wannan, shigar da goyon baya na musamman har zuwa tsawo na mita daya da rabi, jujjuya hanyar yanar gizo ko igiya. Yayinda yake girma, anan ya jagoranci kuma ya juya kewaye da igiya, sa'an nan kuma ya sa a saman.
An yi garkuwa da tumatir a cikin mako guda bayan da aka kwashe shi. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da garter mutum don raba sassan kowane 15 cm.
Kula da al'adu daban-daban yana da halaye na kansa:
- Wajibi ne don tsunkule da kuma samar da lianas na kokwamba a cikin hanya mai dacewa don kada su yi inuwa ko jam da tumatir.
- A lokacin da watering, tabbatar da cewa babu wani marshy ƙasa. Don hana ruwa daga gudana daga gadon kokwamba zuwa tumatir daya, an sanya shinge ba kawai akan farfajiya, karfe, filayen katako ko filastik ba a cikin ƙasa.
- Don ci gaba da noma a tushen cucumbers ba tare da aikin lambu ba, lambu na amfani da hydrogel. Yana shayar da adadi mai yawa da ruwa, sannan kuma ya ba da kayan aikin ƙasa.
- Tunda tumatir na shan wahala daga marigayi saboda mummunan zafi, suna zaɓar iri masu tsayayya ga wannan annoba.
Lokacin da ake tunawa da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, abubuwan da ke dauke da nitrogen suna da kyau ga cucumbers a ko'ina cikin kakar, kuma don tumatir suna dace ne kawai a farkon matakan girma. Bayan budding, tumatir na bukatar potassium da phosphate-arziki da takin mai magani.
Cututtuka da kwari: menene kuma yadda za a yakin?
A cikin al'adu iri iri, cututtuka suna ɗauke da kwari irin su whitefly, tips, da gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Saboda haka, kowace cuta, ta shafi al'adu daya, da sauri tafiya zuwa wani. Kullum cututtuka a greenhouses su ne:
- Anthracnose - Bordeaux cakuda, jan karfe oxychloride, sulfur shirye-shirye su dace da yaki.
- Mealy dew - tsire-tsire suna fesa tare da cakuda alli da colloidal sulfur, rage yawan nitrogen da takin mai magani.
- Tushen tushen - idan aka gano alamun cutar, ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da Previcur.
- Late Blight - aiwatar da fi tare da ash bayani da phytosporin.
- Septoria - tsire-tsire suna shafe tare da ruwa mai tsabta tare da kara da jan karfe oxychloride.
Don hana haɗarin kwari da cututtuka, ana amfani da matakai masu amfani:
- Disinfect tsaba da ƙasa kafin dasa.
- Ka guji ruwa, wanda zai haifar da ci gaba da cututtukan fungal.
- Ana amfani da takin mai magani bisa ga ka'idoji kuma ana bi da tsire-tsire tare da furotin.
- Dole ne a cire tsire-tsire daga cikin gine-gine don hana yadawa.
Hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar al'adu daban-daban suna ɗauke da wasu matsalolin. Amma idan kun bi ka'idodin kulawa da kuma samar da mafi kyawun microclimate, yana da yiwuwa a samu girbi mai kyau.
