Sau ɗaya turnip kusan shine babban samfurin akan tebur na kakannin kakanninmu. An dafa shi, soyayyen, steamed kuma an ci ɗanye. Har ila yau darajar wannan kayan lambu yana cikin tsawon rayuwar shiryayye - a cikin cellar zai jira har sai lokacin bazara, adana bitamin, abubuwan gano abubuwa da halaye masu amfani. Kuma turnips suna da yawa daga cikinsu - inganta haɓaka metabolism da taimakawa wajen magance cututtuka masu yawa. Babban kakaninmu sun yi amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace azaman diuretic, painkiller da wakili mai warkarwa. Mutane kalilan ne ke yin tururuwa a yau - kowa yana ta kokarin yin bincike game da abubuwan da suke son su sani a kasashen waje. Amma kamar yadda suke faɗi, sabon abu ne wanda aka manta da shi, don haka bari muyi ƙoƙarin tunawa ko gano duk ɓarnar dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe da kuma kula da shi: daga zaɓin tsaba zuwa 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Bayani da kuma manyan sifofin shuka
Turnip shine tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire na dangi mai gicciye, asalin halittar kabeji ne. Homelandasar wannan kayan lambu ana ɗauka Yammacin Asiya. A can ne turken ya girma kimanin shekaru dubu huɗu da suka gabata, kuma daga nan wannan tsiron ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya.
Turnip shine tushen amfanin gona, saboda abincinsa mai tushe ne mai launin fari ko launin shuɗi. A cikin shekarar farko, shuka ta ba da kayan ci mai ciyawa da kuma kayan girki na ganye. Kibiya tare da tsaba suna bayyana ne kawai a shekara ta biyu na namo, saboda haka ana ɗaukar turnip wani tsiro ne na shekara-shekara.
Yawan nauyin turnips cikakke, dangane da iri-iri, na iya isa 500 g ko fiye
Hanyoyi don Gano turnips
Turnips ana shuka su sau biyu a kakar - a cikin bazara, a watan Afrilu-Mayu da kuma lokacin rani, a ƙarshen Yuni-Yuli. A cikin yanayin farko, an shuka amfanin gona don sabo ne, a na biyu don adana hunturu. 'Yan lambu sau da yawa sun fi so su shuka turnips kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, amma a yankuna tare da yanayin sanyi da lokacin bazara, yana yiwuwa a shuka shuki ta hanyar shuka. Madadin bazara, yawancin lambu suna amfani da shuka lokacin hunturu, wanda kuma yana ba da sakamako mai kyau.
Shuka tsaba don shuka
Don shuka tsiro iri na turnip, zai ɗauki watanni 1.5-2, don haka ana iya lissafta lokacin shuka ta hanyar da kanta, la'akari da yanayin yankin. Turnip shine tsire-tsire mai jure sanyi kuma ana iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa da zaran ƙasa tayi zafi, saboda haka ana shuka tsaba, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin rabin na Maris. A kan nau'ikan da aka saya, ana ba da shawarar koyaushe akan lokaci da kuma hanyoyin shuka.
Da farko kuna buƙatar ɗaukar abubuwa kuma gurɓataccen tsaba:
- Shirya mafita mai gishiri - cokali 1 na gishiri a cikin rabin gilashin ruwa.
- Tsoma tsaba a cikin mafita kuma Mix - tsaba masu inganci zasu nutse a ƙasan.
- Lambatu da tsintsiyar tsintsiyar sannan ka tsabtace ragowar sau da yawa tare da tsaftataccen ruwa.
- Zuba kyawawan tsaba a cikin mafita na cikakken ruwan hoda na daskararru ya tsaya na minti 20.
- Kurkura tsaba da ruwa mai tsabta.
A cikin gishirin, kyawawan tsaba sun nutse zuwa ƙasa - dole ne a shuka su
Abarba da daskararren ƙwayar turɓaya suna narkewa don kumburi don kwanaki 2-3.
Zai fi kyau a yi wannan a kan tawul ɗin rigar:
- Sanya nama a cikin kwandon filastik ko saucer.
- Shirya shirya tsaba, tare da rufe adiko na goge baki da moisten.
- Rufe akwati - sako-sako domin iska ta zauna
Turnip fi son sako-sako da kasa, saboda haka zaka iya ɗaukar shirye ƙasa don girma seedlings. Amma ya fi kyau a yi amfani da allunan peat don waɗannan dalilai, tun da yake turnip ba sa haƙuri da ɗaukar hoto ko dasawa. Lingsalingsan da ke girma a cikin kwamfutar hannu za a iya dasa su cikin ƙasa ba tare da cutar da tushen ba.
Mataki-mataki-na shuka iri domin shuka:
- Allunan Peat an sanya shi a cikin kwandon filastik kuma zuba ruwa.
- Don yada tsaba a cikin allunan kumbura - guda 2-3 kowannensu.
- Rufe tsaba tare da karamin Layer na ƙasa.
- Rufe kwandon tare da murfin filastik ko jakar filastik kuma saka ƙwayar ciki a cikin sanyi, wuri mai haske tare da zafin jiki na 10-15game daC.
- Bayan fitowan, cire murfi ko jaka kuma girma kamar tsire-tsire na yau da kullun.
A kumbura peat Allunan yada turnip tsaba
Lokacin da aka buɗe ganyen cotyledonary, ya wajaba don cire ƙarin harbe. Wannan zai fi kyau a yi da almakashi, a hankali a yanyan ba shukokin da ba dole ba, don kada a lalata tushen tsirrai. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin fili, yana da mahimmanci shayar da seedlingsan itacen a cikin yanayi mai dacewa. Allunan Peat sukan bushe da sauri, saboda haka kuna buƙatar bincika seedlings a kai a kai. Bayan bayyanar ganye na farko na zahiri, ana iya ciyar da seedlings ta amfani da takin zamani don tumatir na kabeji.
Makonni uku kafin dasa shuki turnip seedlings a cikin ƙasa, Ya wajaba don fara taurara. Don yin wannan, ana fitar dashi cikin sararin sama, da farko na mintina 10-15, to, kullun yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da seedlings zasu iya zama cikin iska na yini ɗaya - an dasa shi akan gado mai shimfiɗa.
Dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa mara buɗe
Shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa ba wuya. A kan shimfidar gado na tono ramuka a nesa na 10-15 cm daga juna da 25-30 cm tsakanin layuka. An saukar da kwamfutar peat tare da seedling a cikin rami, an haƙa shi da ƙasa kuma a shayar. Idan an yi shuka seedlings a cikin tabarau, to, kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ana zubar da seedlings da ruwa kuma a cire shi a hankali daga cikin tanki, a ƙoƙarin kada a lalata da ƙamshin dajin. An shayar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da ciyawa.
Turnip seedlings girma a cikin peat Allunan sauƙi canja wurin dashi zuwa ga ƙasa bude
Ana shuka 'yan ƙwaya bayan ƙasa ta bushe, yawanci wannan shine tsakiyar ko ƙarshen Mayu. Mafi kyawun lokacin zuwa ƙasa shine maraice ko ranar girgije.
Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude
Don dasa shuki na turnips, zaɓi wani yanki mai buɗewa tare da loam ko sandstone. Ana shirya gado don shuka iri don bazara, don bazara makonni 2-3 kafin shuka.
Don digging a 1 m2 Kasa tana bada gudummawa:
- ash 150 g;
- gari dolomite 250-300 g;
- takin ko kuma tumataccen daskararren kilogiram 2-3;
- Da takin mai magani na nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium 15 g kowannensu.
Bidiyo: Yadda ake dasa turnip
Ya haƙa gado yana buƙatar a kwance shi, sannan kuma a ba da izini - don dan kadan mirgine sama ko ƙasa mai laushi. Yi ƙananan, tsagi na cm cm a nesa na 25-30 cm daga juna kuma ku zubar da ruwa. An shirya (calibrated da soaked) ana shuka iri a cikin hanyar ƙaramin hanya ta yau da kullun ko gurgu, yada tsaba 2-3 a nesa na 10 cm 10. Hanyar ta biyu tana kawar da buƙata daga ƙananan ƙwayar bakin ciki. Zai zama dole ne kawai don cire harbe mai wuce haddi da almakashi. Yayyafa tsagi tare da tsaba tare da yanki na ƙasa 2-3 cm.
Turnip tsaba an dage farawa a cikin shirye tsagi
Gidan da aka shuka shine aka shayar dashi kuma an rufe shi da fim ko agrofibre. Irin wannan gwargwado zai hanzarta fito da ƙwayar seedlings, amma dole ne a cire fim ɗin da zarar zaran farkon tsiron ya bayyana, in ba haka ba suna iya ƙonewa cikin yanayin rana. Agrofibre a wannan batun yafi dacewa - ba zai riƙe zafi da damshi kawai ba, amma zai kare harbe matasa daga rana da iska. Ko da yake mutane da yawa lambu yi la'akari da tsari don turnips superfluous kuma zai iya sauƙi ba tare da shi ba.
Arin turnips masu tasowa ba sa buƙatar horo na musamman - babu wani abu mai rikitarwa game da wannan. Da zaran albarkatun gona suka girma, yana da kyau a yayyafa ɓarke da itacen ash don tsoratar da ƙyallen keɓaɓɓe.
Turnip baya son acidified kasa, don haka dole ne a yi liming kafin dasa shuki. Idan ba a yi hakan ba, to amfanin gonar zai yi matsakaici kuma za a adana shi sosai. Don waɗannan dalilai, yana da kyawawa don amfani da gari dolomite - ba wai kawai ya inganta acidity ba, har ma yana wadatar da ƙasa tare da amfani da abubuwan gano asalin halitta.
Shuka hunturu na tsaba
Turnip shine tsire-tsire mai tsaftace sanyi - harbe-hauren bazara sun bayyana a zazzabi na + 3 + 5game daC. Da aka ba da wannan fasalin, yawancin lambu suna shuka iri na wannan amfanin gona a cikin hunturu. Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar samun kayan lambu na farko 2-3 makonni a baya fiye da yadda aka saba.
Ana shuka tsaba bayan sanyi na farko, yawanci a watan Nuwamba. Don wannan, an shirya gado mai nisa a gaba, an haƙa shi kuma an tsara shi daidai kamar yadda shuka da bazara ke shuka. An sanya buhunan ƙasar da yawa a cikin ɗakin girka ko ɗakin don ya kasance ba a taɓa jika shi ba. An yi furfura akan gado da aka gyara. Lokacin da ƙasa freezes dan kadan, bushe tsaba an dage farawa daga kadan thicker fiye da na al'ada shuka. Gaskiyar ita ce wani ɓangare na tsaba da aka shuka kafin hunturu za su shuɗe, amma tsire-tsire waɗanda suka yi fure zasu kasance da ƙarfi sosai fiye da waɗanda aka shuka a cikin bazara. Bayan shuka, yayyafa grooves tare da ƙasa mai shirya. A cikin bazara, seedlings suna thinned, mulched kuma girma a cikin hanyar da ta saba.
Siffofin Girma
Saboda rashin daidaituwarsa, turnip baya buƙatar farashin kwadago na musamman lokacin girma. Don kyakkyawan girbi, yana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi da taƙasa, don haka ba za'a iya hana ban ruwa da bushewar ƙasa ba, amma ya kamata a yi takin sosai.
Manyan miya
Idan kafin dasa shuki iri, gado ya kasance mai da kayan halitta, to, a lokacin girma ya isa ya ciyar dashi da takin ma'adinai sau ɗaya ko sau biyu. Cessaukar ma'adinai, wanda shine kwayoyin halitta masu wadatarwa a ciki, yana cutar turnips - 'Ya'yan itaciya sun zama mara kyau, mara dadi kuma tare da ƙanshin ciki. Ciyar da mafi kyau an yi shi da siffar ruwa a 1 m2 10 g na urea, 15 g na superphosphate da 10 g na potassium sulfate diluted a guga na ruwa sun isa.
Kasar gona mulching
Turnip ƙaunar danshi ne, saboda haka yawan ruwa yana da matukar muhimmanci, musamman a farkon lokacin. Bai kamata a kyale bushewar ƙasa ba, in ba haka ba seedlingsan tsire na iya mutuwa. Don adana danshi a cikin ƙasa, ana amfani da mulching. Sun rufe ƙasa a kusa da tsire-tsire tare da peat, hay, bambaro, ciyawa, mowed, husks na sunflower ko sawun sayayyen fure. Irin wannan Layer bai yarda rana da iska su bushe saman duniya ba sannan kuma suna hana ci gaba da ciyawa. Creatirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa ga mazaunin ƙasa, ciyawa yana inganta tsari da haɓakar ƙasa kuma, a sakamakon haka, yana ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Mulching zai riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma zai hana ci gaban sako
Magabata da makwabta don turnips
Don nasarar noman turnip mai nasara, da kuma ga sauran albarkatu na kayan lambu, juyawa amfanin gona yana da matukar muhimmanci. Ba za ku iya dasa wannan al'adar ba bayan tsire-tsire masu kama da shi - kowane nau'in kabeji, radish, radish, mustard da sauran cruciferous. Mafi kyawun magabata don turnips zasu kasance kokwamba, dankali, karas, beets da albasarta. Wadannan tsire-tsire da makwabta maras so don turnips. Turnip da aka dasa sosai bayan Peas, wake, tumatir, seleri ko a cikin kewayen tare da waɗannan tsire-tsire suna jin daɗi.
Marigolds da calendula sune maƙwabta mafi kyau ga duk kabeji da turnips, ciki har da
Tunawa da tunanina yana da alaƙa da turnips. Kowace shekara a lokacin rani ana tura ni zuwa ga kakata a ƙauyen, kuma waɗannan lokutan farin ciki ne na gaske. 'Yanci, iska, kogi, gandun daji da kuma yawancin lokaci kyauta. Kuma turnip - saboda wasu dalilai an tuna dashi musamman. Kaka tsohuwa ce mai yawan lambu, kuma dukkan kayancinta sun girma kuma sun farantawa manya da yara. Turnip ya juya ya zama kyakkyawa kyakkyawa - babba, mai laushi, rawaya mai haske, kamar rana. Labari Kaka ta dafa shi a cikin tanda tare da namomin kaza ko tare da nama, lokacin da take so, kuma ba a cikin tukunyar yumɓu ba. Da farko, ta dafa tushen amfanin ruwa cikin ruwa, sannan ta datse saman a cikin murfin murfin kuma ta fitar da ɓangaren litattafan almara tare da cokali - ta zama tukunyar turnips. Cika shi da stewed namomin kaza ko nama hade da turnip ɓangaren litattafan almara, da kuma sanya shi a cikin tanda. Farantin ya kasance mai ƙanshi kuma mai daɗi sosai. Yanzu, tare da mura, muna dafa baƙar fata tare da zuma - kyakkyawan maganin tari. Kakata ta bi da mu da turnips, sannan kuma wanda ya ji labarin baƙar fata. Manne wani tsagi a cikin raw turnip kuma cika shi da zuma. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i, zuma a cikin turnips ta juya zuwa ruwan' ya'yan itace. Mun sha wannan magani tare da nishaɗi, kuma yana taimaka ba wai kawai daga tari ba, har ma daga ruwan sanyi gama gari.
Ba a manta da su ba da dankalin turawa a wani lokaci, turnips suna shirye su dawo zuwa lambunan mu. Ba shi da wahalar shuka shi kuma yana girma, saboda rashin daidaituwarsa, har ma a cikin yanayin yanayin tsananin yanayin yanayi. Turnip jita-jita wanda aka shirya bisa ga tsohuwar girke-girke zai gamsar da sabon ɗanɗano da gourmets da magoya bayan ingantaccen abinci.
