Yaya aikin da kulawa da ya dauka don shuka girbi mai kyau! Amma ba kullum zai yiwu ya kare shi daga cututtuka da sauran haɗari ba.
Daya daga cikin cututtuka na inabõbi mafi kyau wanda zai iya kashe wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na amfanin gona - oidiumwanda ke gaba da haka ake kira powdery mildew.
Alamar innabi
Oidium yana shafar berries, amma kuma ya fita, mai tushe - dukan bishiya, ko kuma wajen, duk wani ɓangare na daji.
Ana bayyana alamar launin azurfa mai launin fata ko farar fata, mai kama da launi ga gari, an fi lura da shi a karo na farko a saman gefen ganye. Lokacin da mummunan tasiri, ƙwayoyin launin toka suna rufe inabi, sun fita a bangarorin biyu da kore harbe. Kayan inabi yana kama da yafa masa da ash.
Gudun daji, idan sun kamu da su a wani wuri na ci gaban, sau da yawa crack. A lokaci guda kuma 'ya'yansu suna kallo. Yawancin Berry ba zai daina girma ba, amma ya kasance mai yawan acidic, kuma mummunan ya bayyana a shafin yanar gizo. Amma duk da haka sau da yawa berries sun daina girma, kuma bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci sun bushe fita.
Ba za a iya amfani da kwayoyin da aka shafi don sarrafawa ba, yayin da za a iya yin amfani da ƙwayar mold.
Idan ganye da berries sun riga sun kafa, baza su shafe su ba, kuma ba sabanin matasan da kuma ripening sassan shuka.
Wani ƙwaƙwalwar daji mai tsananin ƙarfi an rufe shi da launin toka mai launin toka, mutane da yawa sun bar curl, berries bushe sama. Irin wannan shrub na iya haifar da wani wari mai ban sha'awa, kamar kamshin rotating kifi.
A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa za ku ga bayyanar da alamun oidium akan inabi:
Dalilin Oidium
Oidium wata cuta ce ta fungal. An kira shi pathogen Uncinula necator Burr. (ko Oidium tuckeri Berk.). A Turai, an san duniyar tun daga tsakiyar karni na 19, lokacin da aka shigo da shi daga Arewacin Amirka tare da abinci na abinci.
Sauran sunaye na wannan cututtuka sune: fatywwald, Oidium, Uncinula Necator kuma sunan mai suna pepelitsa, kuma ana amfani da suna mara kyau - inji a kan inabi
A cikin nau'i na mycelium, wanda ya kamu da cutar ya shafe jikin jikinsa - a cikin irin takalma kamar kodan ko harbe-shekara. Haka kuma an samo shi a cikin furen ganye da ƙwayoyi. Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci don tsaftacewa da halakar kwayoyi iri-iri daban-daban kafin rashin izini don kada wani pathogens ya bayyana a cikin bazara.
A lokacin bazara, mycelium yana samar da abin da ake kira Conidia (gardama). Da farko na kwanakin dumi, wajibi ne iska ta kwashe sassan jigilar motsi da kuma yada su a kusa da gundumar a kan nesa, suna gwada sabon gonakin inabi.
Kwayoyin cuta na farko sun faru da kusan babu alamun waje. Harshen powdery mildew akan inabi shine mataki na biyu na cutar.
Ƙananan jayayya na iya haifar da taguwar ruwa da yawa a cikin wani kakar. Don ci gaba da cutar, ƙananan zafi bai zama dole ba, kuma yawan zafin jiki yana daga + 5 ° C zuwa + 35 ° C. Idan hunturu ya kasance mai sauƙi kuma bazara yana da dumi da kuma rigar, alamun cutar zai iya fitowa da wuri sosai. Kuma sama da duka, ƙananan harbe zasu sha wahala.
Matakan sarrafawa
Yana da mahimmanci don dasa gonar inabin, yadda aka ba da iska mai kyau.
Yana da Dole a hankali kula da kasar gona, ba don zubar da ma'adinai da takin mai magani, don rabu da mu weeds. Bushes ya kamata ba zama ma lokacin farin ciki da kuma ko'ina lit.
Don haka, abin da za a yi da yadda za a magance powdery mildew a kan inabi? Magungunan magani yana kunshe da spraying daya ko kashi biyu lemun tsami sulfuric ruwa. Zaka iya amfani da 1-2% bayani na DNOC (dinitroortocresol), duk da haka, wajibi ne a tuna da kullum game da matsanancin haɗari da kuma kiyaye matakan tsaro.
Ga wasu ƙwayoyin fuka-fuka wadanda ke da tasiri wajen magance oidium:
- Tiovit Jet.
- Topaz.
- Fundazol.
- Fast
- Shafi
Wata hanya mai ma'ana: aiki na inabõbi 1% dakatarwa colloidal sulfur ko 0.5% dakatar da 80% sulfur foda. Idan yanayi ya yi zafi (fiye da 20-25 ° C), an maye gurbin spraying ta hanyar gurɓataccen sulfur.
Sakamakon shirye-shiryen sulfur yana da wuya fiye da kwanaki 10. Bayan haka, sabon sabbin kayan naman tsuntsaye sun bayyana, suna ci gaba a cikin 'yan kwanaki, kuma cutar ta ba da wani zagaye. Sabili da haka, idan gonar inabin ya shafi shi oidium, ya kamata a maimaita aiki a akalla makonni biyu. Idan ruwan sama ya yi zafi sosai kuma yana dauke da sunadaran, ana maimaita magani.
Da sulfur da aka shirya don aiki dole ne ya bushe sosai kuma ƙasa sosai. Daga ranar da za a yi maganin sulfur har zuwa farkon girbi, ba za a wuce kimanin kwanaki 56 ba.
Daga magunguna Don magance oidium (powdery mildew) a kan inabi, magani tare da sakamakon mafi kyau soda burodi (daga 0.5% zuwa 1%) tare da Bugu da kari wanke wanke. Don lita 10 na ruwa take 50 g na soda da 40 g sabulu. Soda Baking ba shi da wani tasiri, mai lafiya ga yara da dabbobi.
Rigakafin
Babban yanayin shine damar samun iska mai kyau zuwa duk sassan itacen inabi, kyakkyawan iska, habaka ƙasa.
Saukad da ruwa ko dew ba sa taka muhimmiyar rawa a yaduwar cutar (wannan farfadowa ya fi ƙarfin gani a wata cuta mai hadari, mildew). A akasin wannan, ruwan sama yakan wanke ganyen naman gwari, kuma oidium baya ci gaba da yawa.
Yanayin zafi da bushe suna taimakawa wajen yaduwar cutar, yayin da ganye suka bushe, sunyi barka kuma sun fada ba tare da dadewa ba.
Lokacin mafi haɗari lokacin da oidium yana booming yana dumi, kwanakin sanyi tare da yanayin iska na + 20-25 ° C.
Iri iri abu ne da rashin lafiya
Yawancin nau'in 'ya'yan inabi na Turai sun sha wahala daga wannan cuta. Daga cikinsu akwai:
- Cabernet Sauvignon;
- Katin;
- Madeleine Angévin;
- Merlot;
- Moldova;
- Pinot Gris;
- Rkatsiteli;
- Chardonnay;
- da kuma sauran nau'o'in.
