Kalmomin da ba'a sani ba, wanda ake kira "asu mai tsami", duk da ƙananan ƙananansa, ya sami daraja a matsayin babban abokin gaba ga ƙudan zuma.
Masu kiwon kudan zuma suna fama da baƙar fata ba tare da tsoro ba kuma a kowace hanya suna kare gonakinsu daga baƙi baƙi.
Abin farin ciki, saboda wannan akwai wadataccen kayan aiki da hanyoyi.
Yau, la'akari da mecece asuƙar zuma? Yaya yake da hatsarin gaske kuma yadda za a kawar da asu na kakin zuma a cikin hive?
Me muke sani game da kwaro?
Mututtukan ƙirar suna magana ne ga moths na nocturnal na iyalin Ognivok. Wannan kwari yana rayuwa ne kawai a yankunan kiwon zuma, kasancewa mafi hatsari kwaro na beehives.
Babban ƙwayar zuma Ya bambanta a cikin manyan girma. Fuka-fuka tana iya kai 35 mm.. Gyara launin fatar fuka-fukin daji na kudan zuma ya haɗa launin launin ruwan kasa-launin rawaya da launin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, yayin da fuka-fuki na baya suke kirim.
A cikin ƙananan ƙudan zuma, fuka-fuki a cikin wani lokaci ba zai kai fiye da 24 mm ba.. Launi na fikafikansa na gaba shine launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, kuma fatar fuka-fuki suna da silƙiya-fari.
Maƙaryacin ƙwayar tsofaffi baya buƙatar abinci., saboda kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta ba su da kyau. Tana zaune ne a kan kuɗin hannun jari da aka tara yayin lokacin ci gaba. Rayuwar rayuwar mata a kusan makonni 2, maza suna makonni biyu zuwa uku.
Farin mata sosai matsala. Ta hanyar shiga cikin hive da tsakar dare ko daren dare, ta shimfiɗa zuwa qwai 300 a cikin kama daya a cikin raguwa, ko kuma a cikin ƙasa a cikin kakin zuma. Don ɗan gajeren rai, wata mace ta wannan murmusin moliform zai iya sa qwai 1,500.
Bayan kimanin kwanaki 10 qwai bayyana farin larvae game da 1 mm cikin girman tare da rawaya rawaya. Cin da hankali, sun juya cikin sauri cikin caterpillars na duhu launin toka launi har zuwa 2-3.5 cm tsawo.
Bayan kwana 30 daga farkon ci gabanta, kullun yana samar da katako, yana riƙe da shi a gindi ko sasannin hive, da kuma yara. Bayan kwanaki 10-11, sabon malam buɗe ido daga kwakwa, yana shirye ya samar da tsara na gaba a cikin makonni biyu na wanzuwarsa.
Abin da asuƙar zuma yayi kama da - hoton da ke ƙasa:
An yi hasara
Daro mai tsin zuma shine ainihin bala'i ga masu kiwon kudan zuma. Kwayarta mai tsami ku ci samfurorin kudan zuma. A lokacin ci gaba, suna iya kawo hive zuwa irin wannan jiha cewa iyalin kudan zuma ba su da tsayayya da irin wannan lalacewar da ke cutar kuma sun bar gida.
A farkon wanzuwar, abinci na larvae shine perga da zuma. Da zarar sun sami karfi, sun riga sun fara cinyewar kakin zuma, kayan haɓaka, ragowar kudan zuma. Caterpillars mercilessly ganimar da saƙar zuma, forming a gare su da yawa tunnels.
Tsayawa tare da motsawa, suna barin bayanan su da kwaskwarima, suna rufe sakon zuma tare da shi kuma suna hana ƙudan zuma daga kashe zuma.
Ɗaya daga cikin katako tsutsaccen hakora don tsawon lokacin ci gabanta zai iya lalacewa har zuwa 500 honeycombs har ma fiye. Tare da yawancin kwari, kusan dukkanin kwayoyin suna cika da cobwebs kuma sun zama turɓaya.
Jirgin a cikin hive ya zama musty kuma ya sami wari mara kyau. A sakamakon haka ƙudan zuma ya raunana kuma mafi yawancin lokuta yakan bar hive, kuma mafi mũnin ya kashe.
Masu kiwon kudan zuma sun sami babban kwarewa kuma suka kirkira hanyoyi da yawa don kawar da baƙon baki marar amfani. Amma ya kamata a ce cewa tincture bisa ga larvae na asu na kakin zuma yana da magunguna masu yawa.
Yadda za a magance ciwon daji?
Hive pest control fara tare da m matakan. Da farko dai, masu kiwon kudan zuma suna kokarin kula da yankunan kudan zuma masu kyau, suna samar da duk abubuwan da suka dace a gare su.
Ƙudan zuma masu karfi suna da ikon yin tsayayya da kwari.. Mutane masu aiki suna samun larvae, suna cin su, kuma an sami pupae an rufe su da propolis. Masu ƙudan zuma suna neman farauta da kuma kama su, jefa su.
Don hana haɓaka ayyukan nan masu zuwa:
- Yana da muhimmanci duba saƙar zuma a kai a kai duka a cikin kudan zuma da wuraren ajiya, kuma nan da nan an gano kwari suna lalata.
- Dole ne a kiyaye tsabtatawa, kwalliya da ajiya., a kasan amya bazai kasance guda na kakin zuma da sauran tarkace ba.
- Dole ne a kiyaye gidajen gidaje da kyau., ba tare da fasaha ba, raguwa da ƙyama, kada a kasance ma wata hanya ta ƙaura don shigar azzakari cikin haɗari.
- Bukatar samar da ƙudan zuma tare da samun dama ga kowane bangare na hive don cin amana da kansu tare da roe.
- Wasu daga cikin tsofaffin kwayoyin (kimanin kashi 30%) ana bada shawarar a maye gurbin su kowace shekara tare da sababbin, kuma an cire wadanda aka lalace.
- Don hana tsutsawa su shiga cikin sauran ɗakunan, an bada shawara su mirgine tsaunuka kewaye da su, su cika su da ruwa.
- Wajibi ne a ajiye shi a cikin kwantena da aka rufe. Kada ku ci gaba da kakin zuma a cikin apiary na dogon lokaci, yana da mahimmanci don ɗaukar shi nan da nan don sake yin amfani.
- Ya kamata a adana ƙwayoyin jiki a wuri mai tsabta, mai tsabta da bushe. tare da samun iska mai kyau. Yana da kyawawa cewa suna cikin cikin gida mai ɗaukar hoto ko ɗakunan ajiya.
- A kusa da apiary yana da amfani wajen shuka ganye, wanda yake jin tsoron ƙwayar kakin zuma. Wadannan sun hada da oregano, hops, Mint, m geranium, wormwood. Za'a iya sanya sassan wadannan ganye a cikin hive - a cikin babba da ƙananan sassa.
- Kyakkyawan tsayuwa shine tafarnuwa ta gari - an yanka yankakken guda uku zuwa kashi uku, wanda aka sanya su a jikin zane a kasan hive ko a karkashin rufi a cikin babba.
- Don yin katsewa daga ƙoshin kakin zuma daga wurin ajiyar soot, an sanya shi "bouquets" na sama da ciyayi, yana kara musu da ganyayyaki, jagoranci da goro.
M cikin halakar manya musamman kotoan yi su ne daga zuma da kuma haɗuwa tare da karamin ƙananan ruwa da yisti mai yisti.
An zuba koto a cikin kwantattun abubuwa masu zurfi kuma a tsakar rana an sanya su a kusa da amya duk dare. Kwayoyin daji suna yaduwa ga wariyar sha'awa, suna hawa cikin kwantena kuma sun nutse. Da farkon safiya, an cire koto har zuwa daren jiya, kuma an kwashe kwari.
Idan zuriya na ƙwayar zuma ya rigaya ya zauna a cikin asibitoci, a cikin arsenal na masu kudan zuma akwai hanyoyi da yawa, dabaru da asirin da zasu iya taimakawa wajen kawar da wannan annoba. Yi la'akari da mafi mashahuri da kuma tasiri.
Beeswaxed by moths Saƙar zuma ta ja daga cikin hive kuma ba ta kyauta daga caterpillars yanna a kan firam tare da kaya ko dabino. Jirgin kwari suna fita daga gidajensu kuma suna fadi. An lalata su nan da nan, kuma sun lalata kwayoyin halitta a kan raw da kakin zuma.
An kuma warkar da asibitoci ta hanyar harbi wani buri a kan ciki na gidan kudan zuma. A daidai wannan lokacin ba da hankali ga sasanninta na hive.
M disinfection na kwayoyin cutar da kwayoyin halitta 80% acetic acid a sashi na 200 ml da 1 square mita. An saka adadin saƙar zuma a cikin hive kyauta, an saka dashi mai laushi mai laushi ko gashin auduga wanda aka saka a cikin ruwan inabi, kun rufe akwati tare da rufin kuma kunsa dukkan abu tare da fim, ba tare da wani bangare ba.
Manyan inabi, waxanda suke da nauyi fiye da iska, suna gudana ƙarƙashin tsarin saƙar zuma, suna lalata kwari a kan hanyar su a kowane mataki na ci gaban su. Saƙar zuma ta jiƙa a acetic acid vapors na kwanaki 3 (a zafin jiki na 16 zuwa 18 ° C), sannan kuma da kyau. An sake maimaita magani bayan kwanaki 12-13.
Sakamakon sakamako mai kyau low kuma high zafin jiki aiki. A cikin hunturu, ana amfani daskararren a -10 ° C da kasa don 2 hours.
A lokacin rani don waɗannan dalilai, zaka iya amfani da daskarewa a firiji. Har ila yau, hawan tsire-tsire suna lalacewa ta yanayin zafi - daga + 50 ° C kuma mafi girma.
A cikin idon ruwa, an ajiye bishiyoyi a cikin ƙananan kwalaye. naphthalene (misali, wasa), ajiye shi zuwa hagu ko dama na ƙofar. A lokacin babban tarin zuma, an cire kayan, kuma bayan an kammala tarin kuma ana zaba zuma, an sanya naphthalene a cikin asali.
Aka shafa amma har yanzu ya dace Ana iya biyan zuma a cikin sulfur dioxide. Don yin wannan, ana sanya su a cikin akwati mai rufi, ƙashin sulfur mai konewa a cikin sashi na 50 g ta kowane ƙarfin mita mai siffar sukari. Ana amfani da kayan zuma a wannan hanya sau biyu: karo na biyu a cikin 10, kuma na uku a cikin kwanaki 20..
Muhimmanci! Lokacin aiki tare da sulfur dioxide, mai kula da beekeeper ya kamata ya yi hankali ya bar dakin nan da nan bayan fumigation, sa'an nan kuma a hankali bar iska ta shiga.
Taimaka a cikin halakar kwari sarrafawa da kwayoyin halitta tare da nazarin halittu "Biosife" - abincin da aka yi da shi da spores na bacilli tourigenzis. Kayan aiki yana da tasiri ne kawai da caterpillars kakin zuma.
An kwantar da abinda ke ciki na gilashin ruwa tare da rabi lita na ruwan sanyi a cikin nauyin mintuna 30, sa'an nan kuma an fitar da kwayoyin da aka fitar daga hive tare da su. Maƙaryata Ana samun sakamako na samfurin a cikin yini kuma zai iya wuce har shekara guda..
Hanyar da ke taimakawa wajen yaki da ƙwayar kakin zuma shine aikace-aikace na thymol. Abubuwan da aka zuba a cikin jakar gauze an sanya shi a tsawon kwanaki 5-10 a cikin hive, ajiye shi a kan tsarin.
Ƙwararren shawarar da miyagun ƙwayoyi ke ciki - daga 10 zuwa 15 g na mallaka kudan zuma. Ana iya maimaita sauyin sau biyu, duk da haka, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na iska ya kai 26 ° C da sama, dole ne a cire yourmol nan da nan daga hive.
Lokacin da adanar zuma amfani da kayan aiki "Antimol" ("Paradichlorobenzene") a cikin rabo daga 150 g da 1 cubic mita. A daya kwamfutar hannu "Antimoli" ya ƙunshi 8 g.
An sanya abu tsakanin sassan da aka sanya a cikin akwati rufe. Kafin amfani da saƙar zuma, dole ne a aike su har sati daya ko kadan.
Wani maganin mota-m - "Axomolin"Ana sanya suturrayi a cikin wani hive, an sanya shi a kan tsarin da ake nufi da 10 allunan da siffofi.Karfin hive an rufe shi tare da fim. Bayan aiki, ana kwantar da jikin don 1-2 days.
Kwayar asu na moth mai hatsari ne, amma za ku iya magance shi. Bayan nuna juriya da kuma yin aiki a kan hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don magance kwaro, za ku iya samun nasarar nasara akan shi, kuma matakan tsaro zasu taimaka wajen karfafa sakamakon.
Abubuwan amfani
- Gano yadda akwai wasu moths: tufafi, abinci da wasu. Yadda za a magance su?
- A ina ne wannan ɓoye a cikin ɗakin da kuma yanayin da ake fuskanta game da kayan abinci iri iri ne?
- Mene ne sinadaran da mutane masu magani don asu?
