Akwai wasu cututtuka waɗanda aka fi sani kawai a dawakai. Kuma daya daga cikin wadannan cututtuka mai tsanani shine trypanosomiasis, ko kuma rashin lafiya. Yana da ci gaba a cikin yanayi kuma yana iya lalata dukan garke na dabbobi a cikin gajeren lokaci. Wannan labarin zai dubi bayanin game da alamun cututtuka na wannan cuta, manyan magunguna da hanyoyin hanyoyin magani.
Menene wannan cuta
Kwayar cutar, wanda aka fi sani da trypanosomiasis, ko durina, shine cututtukan cututtuka irin na cututtuka wadanda suka kamu da kwayar cutar jini, trypanosomes, wadanda ke shafar jikin jikin jikin su, kwayoyin lymph, tasoshin jini da jini. Bugu da ƙari, wannan cuta zai iya shafar tsarin jin daɗin dabba.
Shin kuna sani? A karo na farko da aka fuskanci wannan cuta a zamanin Girka. Bisa ga cikakken bayani, masana kimiyya suka bayyana cutar a ƙarshen karni na XVIII. A ƙasashen ƙasashen Soviet, durin ya fito ne a 1863, amma bayan shekaru 60 kawai ya yiwu ya raba kwayar cutar ya kuma nazarin shi. A halin yanzu, lokuta da suka faru da cutar suna da wuya sosai kuma suna faruwa ne kawai a yankunan da ke da ƙananan ci gaban ciyayi na dabbobi.
Pathogen, hanyoyin da hanyoyi na kamuwa da cuta
Maganin wannan cuta shine cutellated protozoan - trypanosome (Trypanosoma eguiperdum), wanda yana da siffar buravoobraznogo elongated tare da nuna ƙarshen 22-28h1,4-2,6 microns. Kullin, wanda yake a waje na m, an gabatar da shi a matsayin nau'i mai banƙyama - rubutu, wanda ke kare shi daga lalacewar abubuwa masu yawa. Wani takarda ya ƙunshi nau'i uku, wanda mafi sauki shine ya yi hulɗa tare da duniyar waje. Ƙwaƙwalwar gwagwarmaya ta motsa ta hanyar flagella, gabobin jiki na musamman wanda ya kunshi kwayoyin halitta wanda ake kira fibrils.
Mai wakili na trypanosomiasis na nufin makaman nukiliya, wanda aka gina tsakiya a tsakiya na tantanin halitta wanda jikin mutum yake kewaye da shi. A lokacin rayuwarsu, trypanosomes suna gudanar da raguwa mafi sauki, saboda abin da suke ninka.
Zai zama da amfani a gare ka ka koyi duka game da tsari da cututtuka na ƙwayoyin dawakai.
Ma'aikata masu rashin lafiyar rashin lafiya sune marasa lafiya wadanda ba su iya yin aiki a waje da kwayoyin mai ba da izini kuma a cikin wani wuri na bude tsawon lokaci. A matsayinka na al'ada, dabbobi suna kamuwa da ita a lokacin yin jima'i ko kuma a lokacin yaduwar cutar da kwayar cutar.
Har ila yau, lokuta na watsawa na trypanosomes don yaduwa ta yayinda mahaifiyar mahaifiyar ba a cire ba, da wuya ta hanyar kayan aiki masu amfani, kayan gida da kayan aikin likita, alal misali, alamar tauraron dangi, urinary catheter, da dai sauransu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kwayar na iya shafan dabba a kowane lokaci na shekara.A cikin yanayi na yanayin yanayi, kawai fitina, musamman, dawakai, jakuna, da alfadarai suna kamu. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin waɗannan lokuta biyu, cutar ta fi sau da yawa a cikin shekaru fiye da ɗaya a cikin wani abu mai latsawa ko na yau da kullum, yayin da a cikin dawakai yana cikin magunguna ko kuma m.
Lokacin haɓaka da kuma bayyanar cututtuka
Yayin da aka sanya wannan cuta ta kasance daga daya zuwa watanni uku. Bugu da} ari, magungunan asibitoci sun bunƙasa a cikin wani takamammen tsari, wanda za a iya raba kashi uku:
- Raunin jima'i. Da farko, bayan kamuwa da cuta, kawai al'amuran dabbobi suna shan canji maras kyau. Sun zama kumbura, akwai murfin mucous membranes da fitowar su daga cikin su. Bayan haka, ƙananan nodules da ulcers sun kasance a kan farji, wanda ya wuce. A wannan lokaci, zaku iya ganin farauta marar lahani ga mares, sau da yawa a cikin shinge. Yanayin farko shine kimanin wata daya kuma yana da yanayin jin dadin jiki na dawakai.
- Skin launi. A mataki na gaba na ci gaba da cutar, matsaloli tare da fatar jiki suna karawa zuwa duk abin da aka lissafa a baya: alamu yana bayyana a jiki, a cikin ɓangaren na ciki, busawa a cikin nau'i na zobba ya bayyana a tarnaƙi, kuma ƙimar jiki ta ƙãra. A wannan lokacin, akwai ciwon daji a cikin ciwon dabbobi, karuwa a cikin jiki, maza sukan rasa nauyi, kuma mata suna raguwa.
- Paralysis da kuma paresis na mota jijiyoyi. An bayyana su a cikin nau'i na launi, suna kunnuwa kunnuwa, ciwon kwari na azzakari. Hakanan zaka iya lura da ci gaban conjunctivitis, shan kashi na baya baya, wanda dabbobi ke fara farawa yayin tafiya. An bayyana karin ciwo na ƙwayoyin hannu kuma mutuwa tana faruwa. Cutar gaba daya zai iya wuce fiye da shekara guda.
Yana da muhimmanci! Irin wannan mummunan cuta na faruwa sau da yawa a cikin dawakai na kudan zuma. A matsayinka na mai mulki, kashi 30-50% na mutanen da suka kamu da cutar sun mutu.
Diagnostics
Tun da cutar ta ci gaba ne, yana yiwuwa ya gano alamunta a kowane lokaci na shekara. Zai yiwu a tantance cutar ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje masu yawa, da gwaje gwaje-gwaje.
Babban hanyoyi na diagnosing durina sune:
- nazarin microscopic;
- gwaji na asibiti;
- ilimin ganewa ta hanyar sifa (RSK).
Alamar waje, irin su mummunan hasara na dabba, rubutu, kwatsam na launi ko hanyoyi, saukowan ido ko kunnuwa, rauni na baya, na iya nuna irin wannan cutar. A gaban irin wannan cututtuka ya kamata a nemi taimakon likita nan da nan.
Shin kuna sani? Trypanosomes suna da ƙwarewa ta musamman don karewa daga tsarin rigakafin wanda aka azabtar. Lokacin da dabba ya shiga jikin dabba, tsarinsa na rigakafi yana gano cutar, amma a wannan lokaci, wannan ya hada da kwayoyin da ke da alhakin kira na glycoproteins. A sakamakon wannan kira, glycoproteins sun maye gurbinsu da wasu cewa tsarin rigakafi ba zai iya ganewa ba. Wannan yana bada karin dan lokaci don yin haifa.
Canje-canjen Pathological
Ya kamata a lura cewa sauye-sauyen burbushin cututtukan wannan cuta ba sabawa ba ne, kuma ba zai yiwu ba a gano cutar daidai daidai da sakamakon ɓoye na dabba. Duk da haka, gawawwakin suna nuna raunin jiki, gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare a cikin zuciya, hanta, ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin lymph na ciki, kumburi da kwayoyin halittar jiki, fata da mucous ulcers da nodules, ragewar tsokoki na baya da baya.
Amma ga tsarin jin dadi a cikin ci gaba da wannan cuta, a tarihi, an yi nazari sosai kadan.
Koyi duka game da anemia mai cututtuka cikin dawakai.
Jiyya
Abin takaici, jiyya na trypanosomiasis ba shi da amfani kuma a mafi yawan lokuta ba a yi ba. Koma yana yiwuwa a farkon matakai na ci gaba da cutar, amma mafi sau da yawa yana faruwa a lokaci-lokaci, yana da kusan yiwuwa a gano shi a farkon matakan. Mutanen da suke cikin rukuni na marasa lafiya ko wadanda ake zaton sun kamu da cutar suna ƙarƙashin magani.
Da farko, kuyi aikin yin la'akari da dabba don sanin nauyin jikinsa. Yana kan wadannan sigogi zasu dogara ne akan nauyin magani da ake buƙata don farfadowa. Horses injected intravenously "Naganin", a 10% dilution a sodium chloride bayani. Dosage - 0.01-0.015 MG kowace kilogram na nauyin jiki. Bayan kwanaki 30-40 ana yin maimaita injections.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don kauce wa rikitarwa a yayin jiyya a hanyar kumburi daga lebe, jin zafi a cikin hooves, ranar kafin ta fara kuma a cikin kwanaki 7-10 bayan haka, ana fitar da dabba zuwa gumi sau da yawa a rana.Yana da mahimmanci a lokacin farfasa don kada rage yawan kwayoyi, saboda rashin tsari ba zai sami tasiri mai kyau ba, amma kuma ya haifar da juriya ga "Naganin" a cikin magunguna. Idan an sake dawowa, za'a tsara wani maganin hade, wanda ya hada da amfani da "Naganin" da "Novarsenol" a cikin sashi na 0.005 MG da daya kilogram na nauyin jiki.
Dabbobi da aka kula da su ya kamata su kasance a karkashin kulawar wani likitan dabbobi na kimanin shekara guda. Irin waɗannan dawakai za a yi la'akari da lafiya ne kawai bayan bayanan gwadawa uku ta duk hanyoyi masu kyau don watanni 10-12 bayan farfadowa.
Rigakafin
Har zuwa yau, ingantaccen farfadowa don magance wannan cutar ba a ci gaba ba, sabili da haka, rigakafin cutar ta dauke shi hanya mafi aminci, wanda ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:
- kula da dabbobi da magunguna na yau da kullum kafin tsarin mating. Wannan bincike yana dogara ne akan aiwatar da bincike na jini. A wannan yanayin, dakarun suna yin irin wannan binciken sau uku a shekara;
- ganowa ta kullum ga mutanen da ke cutar da maganin su;
- maganin alurar riga kafi - ana yin maganin alurar rigakafi tare da "Naganin" a lokacin kakar kiwo, wadanda suka tara maniyyi suna bada magani ga prophylaxis kowane wata;
- gyare-gyaren da ba su dace ba don kwari;
- suna kiyaye tsofaffi a cikin shekara guda, da kuma wadanda aka tayar da su daga mata;
- sanyawa a cikin keɓewa don kwana 30 na kowane sabon dabba, tare da tantancewar tantancewar maganin serological;
- Kashe dukan mutane a cikin gwajin gwajin gwajin gwaji na gwajin gwaji a cikin doki daya daga cikin rukuni.
Wani mummunar cuta a cikin dawakai, wanda ya zama damuwa a kasarmu, duk da haka zai iya ci gaba da sauri a cikin gonaki mara kyau. Yana haddasa mummunar lalacewar gonaki da kuma iya haifar da kashe dukan mutanen. Babban mahimmancin kawar da wannan cuta ita ce ganewa ta yau da kullum game da pathogen da kuma aiwatar da matakai na rigakafi masu dacewa.
