Hosta: bayanin, saukarwa da kulawa

Hosta (Aiki) - wani fure mai perenni na dangin Asparagus, a baya yana cikin Liliaceae. Yankin rarraba - yankuna na gabashin Asiya.

Bayanin

Dankin ya sami sunan sa na farko godiya ga likita da masanin ilimin botanist daga Austria - Nikolaus Mai watsa shiri, na biyu - ga masanin kimiyyar Jamus Christian Funk.

Rhizome karami ne, mai gajarta ne. Ganyayyaki daban-daban - daga kunkuntar lanceolate zuwa mai yalwar ovate. Matsayinsa na tsalle-tsalle har zuwa 1 m. Inflorescences sune tseren keke. Launi na fure ya fara daga fari zuwa lilac.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na tasowa a cikin akwatin akwatin kayan fata na fata. Tsaba su ne baki, lebur.

Mai watsa shiri - Perennials furanni, nau'in

Akwai nau'ikan masu masaukin 40 40, amma kaɗan daga cikinsu sun dace da haɓaka gida:

Launuka iri-iri

Ganin irin launi na ganye, an rarraba mai gida zuwa aji 5:

• Bleu;
• Rawaya;
• Kore
• Variegata - iri tare da fure mai launi, tare da gefen suna da iyakar haske;
• Hanyoyin watsa labarai suna da haske, iyaka tana da launin kore.

Bambanci cikin girma

Ganin girman shuka, ya kasu kashi 6:

• dwarf - kasa da 10 cm (Draft);
• ƙaramin - daga 10 zuwa 15 cm (La Donna);
• ƙarami - 16-25 cm (Garin Gold);
• matsakaici - daga 30 cm zuwa 0.5 m (Don haka Mai Farin Ciki da Farin Ciki, bambancin ƙarshe tare da farin ganye, wanda ke canza launin kore yayin da yake girma);
• babba - 55-70 cm (Gwal na Medad da Alvatine Taylor);
• giant - fiye da 0.7 m (Blue Vision).

Tsararrun 'yan gida a gida

Germination na fure daga tsaba a gida yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa haɓakar su ta kasance kawai 70-80%, don haka kayan amfanin gona an yi maganin su da kwayoyi waɗanda ke haifar da haɓaka (na rabin sa'a ana sanya su a cikin Zircon, Kornevin ko mafita na Elin). Haka kuma aikatawa stratification (sanya a cikin firiji har wata daya).

An ba da shawara don sayan cakuda a cikin shagunan kayan lambu, kamar yadda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suke gabatarwa a cikin ƙasan talakawa suna cutar seedlings har ma suna tsokanar mutuwarsu. Abinda ke ciki na ƙasa shine cakuda liteanju da peat a daidai gwargwado.

A watan Maris, kwantena na shuka an shirya, an shafe su da barasa ko kuma rauni mai sauƙi na potassiumgangan. Ana sanya murfin magudanar ruwa a ƙasan, an haɗa shi da ƙasa tare da danshi. A wannan nau'in, an bar shuka don 'yan kwanaki, sannan sai an shuka dakaru, an girbe tsaba a saman duniya tare da matsakaicin tazara.

Yayyafa a saman tare da wannan substrate wanda aka yi amfani dashi a baya. Lokacin farin ciki yakai mm 5-7. Don adana danshi, rufe akwati tare da polyethylene ko gilashi. Tabbatar don sarrafa cewa lokacin shuka, zafin jiki na ƙasa shine + 18 ... +25 ° C.

Lokacin da ake bin fasahar, ana lura da farkon tsirarwa bayan fewan makonni. Bayyanar rana kai tsaye, danshi mai yawa, rashin ɗaukar hoto akan murfin hatsari ne ga furen. Ana sa 'yan itacen a cikin ɗakunan inuwa.

Lokacin da ganyayyaki na gaskiya na 2-3 suka tashi, an shuka shuka. Ma’aikatan an tura su wasu tukwane 25% cike da yashi. Ana sanya tanki a cikin kwanon rufi da ruwa, wannan zai samar da ƙananan ruwa.

Mataki na gaba shine taurara. Suna cire polyethylene kuma suna motsa furanni a waje, ana yin manipulation a zafin jiki sama da + 18 ° С.

Hosta na waje Hosta

A cikin bude ƙasa, ana sanya rundunoni a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko farkon kaka. Makonni 2 kafin dasawa, a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa, ɓarawon itacen ɓawon burodi ko taki, ciyawar ganye, takin an shimfiɗa shi. Tsarin yana kusan cm 10. An haƙa ƙasa tare da kwayoyin halitta, zurfin wuri wani wuri ne akan tebur na felu. Cketsauki buhu 1.5-2 na kuɗi a kowace murabba'in mita.

Minti 30 kafin dasawa, ana shayar da ƙasa a hankali. An shuka ƙananan samfurori masu ƙanƙane da ƙananan a nesa na 20-30 cm, babba - 30-40 cm. Tushen tushe yana girma a sarari, sabili da haka, rami mafi fadi, mafi kyawun ado. Yana mayar da martani ga mulching, ƙasan ya zama 5 cm.

Lokacin dasawa

Mafi kyawun lokacin shine ƙarshen bazara, kamar yadda asalin ke tsiro, amma ganyayyaki ba su taso ba tukuna. A ranar ƙarshe ne farkon Satumba. Tare da dasa shuki daga baya, ciyawa basu da tushe.

Zabi na lafiya seedlings domin dasa

Don dasawa da kara kulawa, an zaɓi mafi yawan tsire-tsire masu lafiya. Don yin wannan, ana bincika su don rot da sauran cututtuka. Taron wakilan al'adu masu karfi ne suka tsayar da zabi.

Wurin saukowa

Baƙi sun zaɓi wuri don shekaru da yawa, saboda furen yana iya girma ba tare da canje-canje ba na shekaru 20. Mafi kyawun shafin shine inuwa mara ma'ana ba tare da zane ba, amma kwararru suna yin la’akari da dokar cewa mafi yawan launuka suna da haske, kamar yadda shuka yake da matukar farin jini.

Wakilan haske masu haske sun zaɓi wuraren da tsakar rana daga penumbra, da sauran lokacin da rana.

Fasali na ƙasa

An tattara ƙasa da abinci mai kyau da ruwa. Manufa - horar da loam. Tashin hankali - 6.5-7.5. Ba a taɓa amfani da ƙasa maras amfani da sandstones bushe ba.

Mai watsa shiri ya amsa gaskiya ma abun ciki na abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa, sabili da haka, ban da hadi da takin zamani, ana shuka ciyawar a kai a kai.

Gasar baƙi

Tazara tsakanin rami yana hade da nau'ikan tsire-tsire da aka sanya a cikin ƙasa:

• ƙanana da matsakaici - 30-50 cm;
• Kattai - 0.8-1 m.

Don ci gaban nasara, an shayar da seedlings a cikin tukwane. An tura ta zuwa ramuka tare da dunƙule mai ƙura. Yayyafa tare da ƙasa a saman kuma sanya shi saboda matakin ya zama 2-3 cm a ƙasa da sauran ƙasar.

Idan an yi dasa shuki ta hanyar rarraba daji, to sai a cire ganye mai bushe da rhizomes da aka lalatar daga kowane bangare.

Mai watsa shiri Mai Kula

Gudanar da girmar da kulawa da runduna, kiyaye dokoki da yawa.

Watse

Sanya abubuwa masu yawa da yawa (sau biyu a mako). An gabatar da ruwa da safe. Ana kiyaye ƙasa mai laushi, amma ba ta bada izinin turɓaya ba, in ba haka ba inji yana shafar naman gwari.

Ciyar da abinci

Tsarinka har sau uku yayin girman girma. Ciyarwa ta farko ita ce farkon farkon girma. Na biyu - bayan samuwar furanni. Na uku - bayan buds sun faɗi.

An bada shawara don haɗuwa da gabatarwar hanyoyin samar da hadaddun takin. Nan da nan bayan an ciyar, an ciyayi ƙasa.

Kayan gado

Ana yin ofaukar tsirar da shuka ta hanyar hanyoyin keɓe da rarraba daji.

Yankan

Ana yin yankan a kowane lokaci daga bazara zuwa kaka. Bangaren da ke da kodan sa da kuma karamin rhizome an rabashi da shi daga uwar uwar. Abubuwan da aka haifar suna sanya shi a cikin inuwa, an rufe shi da kwalban da aka riga aka yanke. A tsawon lokaci, ana sake yin jujjuyawar gabobin da suka ɓace da kuma samar da ingantaccen ganye.

Raba Bush

Yi a cikin bazara, bayan fitowar seedlings. An cire ciyawar mahaifiyar a hankali daga ƙasa, an cire manyan duniyoyi, kuma an yanke wuraren lalata. An yanke shuka da wuka ko kuma shebur da aka nuna. Kowane ɗayan sassan dole ne ya sami koda da yanki na rhizome.

Delenki motsa zuwa ƙasa kuma makonni na farko ana shayar da su koyaushe.

Karin kwari, cututtuka

A lokacin haɓaka, masu runduna suna shafar cututtuka daban-daban, kuma lambu koyaushe suna lura da harin kwari:

Tare da gano cututtukan da suka dace na lokaci da fure, fure yakan daɗe yana gamsar da fure.

Mr. Maigidan bazara ya ba da shawara: mai watsa shiri a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi

Ana amfani da shuka sosai a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi saboda kayan kyan ado da haƙurin inuwa. Ana amfani da manyan wakilan nau'in a matsayin abubuwa guda ɗaya, samfurori tare da girman ƙasa da 10 cm, adon tsaunuka masu tsayi ko ragi. Tsarin furanni na tsakiya jituwa ya shiga cikin jerin kayan lambu daban-daban.

Runduna tana jaddada asalin itacen fure da kan iyakoki. A bango daga waƙoƙin zamani ko ɗamarar ƙasa, furanni suna nuna cikakkiyar adonsu.

Suna girma kusa da low coniferous perennials, ferns, daylilies da dama wasu fure deciduous da na ado irin flora.