Raspberries sun yi ƙaura daga daji zuwa cikin gidajensu na rani. 'Yan lambu sun samu nasarar shuka shi, kuma masu shayarwa suna fadada kewayon kullun. Irƙirar sabbin nau'ikan, suna ƙoƙarin inganta ba kawai dandano ba, har ma da sauran halaye waɗanda ke faɗaɗa yanki na amfanin gona. Meteor yana ɗayan nau'ikan rasberi wanda masanan kimiyyar Rasha suka kirkira don tsaka-tsakin tsakiya da latitude na arewa, wanda ke da ban sha'awa ga lambu da manoma a cikin waɗannan yankuna.
Tarihin ci gaba
The meteor shine babban rabo na masu shayarwa na Rashanci na Kokinsky da karfi na Cibiyar Noma da Noma ta Duk-Rasha. A karkashin jagorancin I.V. Kazakov, ɗayan tsoffin nau'ikan Novosti Kuzmin sun haɗu tare da Rasberi na Rasberi Kostinbrodskaya. Dukansu “iyaye” suna da tsayi a cikin halayensu da kuma tsakiyar girma cikin yanayin balaga, amma, “zuriyar” ya zama mai tsayi da tsayi.
Tun daga 1979, sabon labari yana cikin gwaji iri-iri a cikin jihar kuma a cikin 1993 an haɗa shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha a Arewacin, Arewa-Yammaci, Tsakiya, Volga-Vyatka, Tsakiyar Black Earth da Tsakiyar Volga ta Tsakiya.
Sanarwa da halaye na raspberries Meteor
Farkon balaga shine babban fasali na iri-iri. Ya shahara a layin tsakiya da yankuna na arewacin, inda ake samun fifikon fari musamman daraja. Girbi yana fara yin girbi a farkon rabin Yuni, kuma a cikin yanayi mai dumin gaske zaka iya yin wannan a farkon watan. Rasberi Meteor talakawa ne, ba remontant ba, amma tare da tsawanta da lokacin zafi a watan Agusta, furanni da ganyayyaki na iya kafawa a harbe shekara-shekara.
Matsakaici-sized, dan kadan yadawo bushes (har zuwa mita biyu) suna da ƙarfi, kafa mai tushe tare da karamin ruy shafi da saman drooping. Akwai ƙaya ne sosai, ƙanƙane, ƙanƙane kuma gajere. Shuke-shuke suna da matsakaicin damar harbi, suna girma 20-25 a kowace mita.
Rasberi rasberi Meteor matsakaici-sized, dan kadan yada, 20-25 harbe girma a kowace mita
'Ya'yan itãcen matsakaici na matsakaici (nauyi 2.3-3.0 gram) siffar conical tare da ƙarshen ƙarshe. Launin launin ja ne; lokacin da aka gama cikakke shi, launinsa ya bayyana. Berries an cire su sosai daga ganyayyakin kuma ana kiyaye su yayin girbi da sufuri saboda tsananin ƙazamar ƙazamar.
Rasberi Rasberi Meteor wawan conical, masu nauyin 2.3 -3 grams, lokacin da ripening launin ja-jan yaƙutu
Dalilin yin amfani da kowa ne na duniya, ɗanɗano shine kayan zaki. Abun sukari - 8,2%, acidity - 1.1%. Lokacin amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa don sarrafawa, samfurori (adana, jam, compotes, cika, da sauransu) suna da inganci. Berries ma dace da daskarewa.
Yawan aiki - 50-70 kg / ha, tare da kyakkyawar fasahar aikin gona na iya isa 110 kg / ha. Daga wani daji zaka iya tattarawa zuwa kilo biyu na kayayyakin. Dawowar girbin yana da kyau.
Hardness na hunturu yana da girma, wanda ke ba da fifiko na musamman lokacin da ake girma a matsakaici da arewacin latitude. Rashin haƙuri mai matsakaici ne matsakaici. Rashin rigakafin manyan cututtukan fungal yana da yawa. An lura da rashin ƙarfi ga girma, tabin shunayya, gizo-gizo gizo da harbe harbe.
Bidiyo: Meteor rasberi iri-iri
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Rasberi Meteor yana da fa'idodi masu yawa:
- matsananci-farkon balaga;
- mai ƙarfi resistant mai tushe:
- mafi ƙarancin ƙananan ƙananan ratsin bakin ciki akan mai tushe;
- babban sufuri;
- kyakkyawan kayan zaki na 'ya'yan itatuwa, manufar su ta duniya (wacce aka yi amfani da sabo, wacce ta dace da sarrafawa da daskarewa);
- cikakken haɓaka aiki (yana ƙaruwa tare da kyakkyawar fasahar noma);
- babban lokacin sanyi;
- jure cututtukan fungal.
Hakanan akwai kasala, amma sun fi kadan:
- low haƙuri haƙuri;
- tare da haɓaka mai mahimmanci na iya buƙatar garters zuwa goyon baya;
- mai saukin kamuwa da tabo mai launin toka da wuce gona da iri, m ba zai iya lalacewa ta hanyar gizo-gizo baƙar fata da harbe-harben gurnati.
Domin kare kanka da kyawawan kaddarorin iri-iri, masu shirin lambu suna jure wa kananan rashi, wadanda ba su da tushe balle kuma a cire su da fasahar aikin gona ta dace.
Siffofin girma Rasberi Meteor
Kuna iya samun amfanin gona mai kyau tare da kulawa na yau da kullun. Meteor yana da ƙarancin fasahar aikin gona, amma idan ya yi girma zai fi kyau a yi la’akari da su domin ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Saukowa
Yanayin girma na Meteor sune daidaitattun:
- bude da kuma cike da hasken;
- kasar gona da yawan acidity ba da shawarar ba;
- an fi son wadatar ƙasa;
- ba ya yin girma a cikin ciyayi;
- aikace-aikacen takin gargajiya kafin dasa shuki.
Ana amfani da tsarin dasawa kamar yadda aka saba na tsaka-tsakin nau'in wannan amfanin gona: daji (1-1.5 mita tsakanin bushes, anyi amfani da shi don shuka guda ɗaya) da tef (30-50x2-2.5 m) Ana ƙara cakuda humus ko takin tare da takin mai magani na potassium-phosphorus a cikin ramuka da aka riga aka shirya na auna 40x40x40. Kuna iya shuka a cikin bazara da kaka.
Kulawa
Wajibi ne a cire tushen tushe a kai a kai, yankan shi da shebur a cikin ƙasa a zurfin 3-5 cm Daga tsakiyar daji 10-12 arna masu ba da izinin girma a shekara. A cikin bazara, bar 6-7 mai tushe a kowane daji kuma ka rage su da 25-30 cm Duk da ikon madaidaicin harbe, lokacin da albarkatu suka girma, suna iya gangara ƙasa, don haka ana buƙatar mai garter zuwa trellis.
Meteor rasberi rashen bisa ga al'ada, barin 6-7 mai tushe a kowane daji, kuma ƙulla su zuwa trellis
Tun da isasshen juriya game da bushewar iska da ƙasa an ayyana, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman, amma yana da muhimmanci kada a wuce shi. Para yawan damp ba zai amfana da tsirrai ba. Danshi ne ake buƙata mafi yawan lokacin girbi 'ya'yan itace da kuma cika. Bayan ruwa, ana bada shawara don ciyawa kasar gona da abubuwa na Organic don kiyaye danshi.
Ruwa yana hade sosai tare da kayan miya. A farkon fitar da kodan, ana ciyar da su da farko, sannan kuma sau biyu tare da tazara tsakanin makonni biyu. Babban buƙatar tsirrai a cikin nitrogen. Ciyar da takin gargajiya na ruwa ya fi inganci; in babu, ana amfani da takin ma'adinai. Zaɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa don haɗawar cakuda abinci mai gina jiki da kuma sashi mai yiwuwa ne:
- 1 lita na tsuntsu droppings jiko da lita 20 na ruwa (3-5 a kowace muraba'in mita);
- 1 lita na taki saniya jiko da lita 10 na ruwa (3-5 a kowace muraba'in mita);
- 30 g na urea da lita 10 na ruwa (1-1.5 lita a daji).
Idan an yi amfani da takin mai magani na potassium da phosphorus yayin dasawa, to bayan hakan ana amfani dasu duk bayan shekaru uku.
Cutar da kwari
Hadarin da ake samu na rage amfanin gona ya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na raspberries Meteor ga wasu cututtuka da kwari. Kuna buƙatar sanin su sosai don ku kasance cikin shiri don kare tsirrai.
Haske mai tabo
A shekara-shekara harbe kasa da ma'anar abin da aka makala na ganye petiole, purple blurry aibobi bayyana. Petioles, ganye da 'ya'yan itace twigs suna shafi necrosis. Cutar na haifar da mutuwar gabobin da abin ya shafa. Tushen maganin cutar shine Didymella applanata Sacc., Don haka ana iya kiran cutar da didimella.
Bayyanar kwarzana a jikin furannin rasberi ita ce alamar farko ta kamuwa da cuta da tabo mai ruwan hoda (didimella)
Don hanawa, suna lalata tarkace tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta, suna ba da iska don dasa shuki, kuma suna hana yawan shan ruwa. Hanyoyinsu na sunadarai suna amfani da fesawa tare da 1% ruwan Bordeaux har sai furanni sun buɗe. Sa'an nan kuma ana bi da su a farkon farkon girma (a tsayi har zuwa 20 cm), kafin fure kuma nan da nan bayan fure tare da chloroxide jan karfe (3-4 g da 1 lita na ruwa) ko ruwa na Bordeaux.
Bidiyo: Yin Yaƙin Rasberi Rasberi
Sprouting raspberries
Cutar kwayar cuta da ke yaduwa ta hanyar kwari - cicadas. Hakanan yana da sunan kowa d berry rasberi ko tsintsiya. Tare da shan kashi na wannan cuta, maimakon da yawa lafiya mai tushe, mai bakin ciki da gajeru harbe tare da kananan ganye da samar da m bunches girma cikin babbar yawa a cikin hanyar tushen harbe.
A lokacin da raspberries girma, babban adadin na bakin ciki da gajerun harbe girma, forming m bunches
Hanyoyi don magance cutar suna rigakafin yanayi, tunda a yau babu wasu kwayoyi da za su iya dakatar da cutar. An lalatar da marasa lafiya bushes. A kan tsotsa kwari (masu ɗaukar kwayar cutar), ana kula da kwari (Actellik, Akarin, Fitoverm da sauransu). A hankali zaɓi abu mai dasa.
Spider mite
Girman wannan kwaro mai tsotsa yara ƙanƙane - daga 0.6 zuwa 1 mm. An sauƙaƙa da rarraba shi ta hanyar bushe da yanayin zafi. Kaska ta zauna a bakin ganyen sannan ta fara tsotse ruwan a jikin ta sannan ta sa masa yanar gizo. Sakamakon kamuwa da cuta, fararen fata sun bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, sun bushe kuma sun faɗi a ƙasa. A lokacin fari, asarar amfanin gona na iya zuwa kusan 70%.
Wani gizo-gizo gizo-gizo tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga rasberi rasberi braids su da yanar gizo
Yin rigakafin ya ƙunshi a lokacin ciyarwa a cikin yanayin zafi, lalata ganye da ciyawar da ke lalacewa, digging ƙasa a kewayen bushes don rage yawan kaska. Idan mummunan lalacewa ta gizo-gizo mite daga shirye-shiryen sunadarai don fesawa, zaku iya amfani da Fufanon, Akreks, Actellik da sauran kwari.
Gudun tsira
A tsutsa na shoot gall midge siffofin annular kumburi ko growths (galls) a kan rasberi stalks, da harba an halaka daga ciki da fashe a waje, ya zama gaggautsa a wurin lalacewa da kuma sauƙi karya kashe. A cikin masarar akwai kwaro na kwaro, wanda daga baya ya zama sauro sakamakon ci gaban rayuwa. A lokacin girma, yawancin ƙarni na zuriyar ana kafa su. Yawancin lokaci, haɓakawa suna haɓaka a ƙasa, basu da nisa daga tsarin tushe. Take hakkin ya kwarara ruwan itace yana haifar da mutuwar wani harbi da ya lalace.
A harbi goge Midge tsutsa shiga cikin rasberi kara kuma halaka shi daga ciki, forming zobe tsiro (galls)
Tun lokacin da tsutsa take a cikin harbin, hanyoyin sunadarai masu sarrafa ƙwayar cuta ba su da tasiri. Mako-mako, suna bincika rasberi, idan sun sami harbe-harben da aka shafa, an yanke su ga tushen kuma a ƙone su. A cikin kaka, suna tono ƙasa mai zurfi, wanda ke taimakawa ga lalata larvae. Sannan mulch shi tare da peat Layer of 15 cm, wannan yana jinkirta sakin kwari.
Bidiyo: Rasberi ta soke tare da harbin lemo
Nasiha
My hussar da meteor suna girma. The meteor gaske ripens da wuri, da dandano mai dadi, ba tare da babbar sha'awa. Na sayo shi don balagarsa.
jawabai//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/124983/page-80
Ina da Meteor don shekara ta biyu - 'ya'yan itace na farko, a yau sun karɓi farkon ɗinki na berries, mai daɗi sosai, amma har yanzu ya yi ƙanana. Na farko dai na iri. Shekaru biyu da suka gabata na dasa shuki uku kuma a yau shi ne mita biyu na daji. Otsan buɗe ido suna girma, kuma tare da 'ya'yan itace za mu gani.
Ksenia95//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9990
Ina da Meteor tsawon shekaru 3, yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan rasberi na farko, Semi-remontant, Berry yana da girma, mai daɗi kuma mai tsami, daji yana da girma kuma dole ne a ɗaure shi.
Genmin//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9990
Ina da Meteor a daidai lokacin da farkon raspberries yake fara bada 'ya'ya. Dandano yana da kyau ... amma Berry ya yi kaɗan. Gaskiya ne, lokacin da kaka mai kaka da daji ke fara gyarawa, bishiran saboda wasu dalilai kusan kusan sau 2 ya fi girma lokacin amfanin gona. Maƙarƙashiya yana ba da teku. Dangane da farkon fruiting, an yafe duk kurakuransa.
Leva//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9990
Na kuma yi girma irin waɗannan nau'in rani kuma ina da tunani don maye gurbin Meteor tare da Hussar saboda "cutar" ta Meteor. A cikin "rigar" yanayin, My Meteor sosai shafi cutar fungal da kwari, Na yanka 3/4 na shekara-shekara harbe a cikin fall. Kodayake a cikin 2016, ta tattara litattafan rassa 23 na ras daga kantin Meteor mai tsayi 4 mita.
Tamara St. Petersburg//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=308&start=2340
Zai yi wuya mutum ya yi tunanin cewa kowa na iya zama mai sha'ani zuwa raspberries. Suna ɗokin ganinsa suna farin ciki lokacin da aka rufe furanni da hasken jan-ruby. Rasberi Meteor yawanci yana buɗe kakar, saboda haka masu lambu suna gafarta ƙananan laifofinta. Idan ka yi girma iri-iri, yin la’akari da halaye na ta, zaka iya samun yawan amfanin ƙasa mai ƙanshi da na bazara mai zafi. Riarfin Farko da haɗe tare da tsananin sanyi lokacin sanyi yana sa Meteor ya zama dole don yanayin canjin yanayi da sanyi.
