Daga cikin 'ya'yan itace Tsarin latsawa Itacen bishiyoyi a yanki da amfanin gona yana daukan wuri na fari.
A kowane lambun lambun gida game da 80% na saukowa - wannan itace itacen apple.
Amfanin apples sun dade da yawa. Sabbin nau'o'in nau'in nau'i suna nunawa kullum.
Daya daga cikin wadannan iri ne Pear hunturu- bayanin da hoto daga baya a cikin labarin.
Wane irin ne?
An yarda da yanayin hunturu don amfani don Moscow, Tambov, Kaliningrad da Leningrad.
Bambancin shine hunturu, aminci na 'ya'yan itace yana da kyau.
Mafi kyawun kiyayewa har zuwa ƙarshen bazara.
Sauran hunturu sun hada da Renet Simirenko, Utes, Fuji, Jubilee da Lobo.
Bayani na kwatanta Grushovka Winter
Yi la'akari da bambancin kwatancin bayyanar itace da 'ya'yan itacen kanta.
Itacen ya ragu da lokacin farin ciki spherical kambi da manyan ganye.
Ba ya bambanta juriya sanyi. Don kai 'ya'ya farawa cikin shekaru 4-5 bayan saukowa. Yawan aiki yana da kyau.
A 'ya'yan itatuwa ne quite manyan, dan kadan elongated, launi mai laushi mai launi tare da cututtuka na carmine.
Da dandano ne mai dadi da m, m apples.
Kyakkyawan amfanin gona da kuma dandano mai kyau suna nuna su ta hanyar Bryansk, Marina, Altai Rumyana, Nastya da Orlinka.
Tarihin kiwo
Wannan bred iri iri a shekarar 1957 shahararren masu siyarwa S.F. Chernenko.
Takardar samu ta hanyar tsallakawa Kronselsky m da Pears na Moscow.
Yawancin iri-iri ba a karɓa ba saboda low hunturu hardiness da kuma cuta propensity.
Amma, godiya ga yawan amfanin ƙasa mai kyau da kuma inganci, kuma yana da hakkin kasancewa a cikin mãkircin gonar.
Hannun wannan makiyaya na Rennet Chernenko, Yuli Chernenko, Kandil Orlovsky, Anis Aly da Altai Bagryanaya.
Yankin ci gaban halitta
Winter Pear - iri-iri iri don tsakiyar Rasha.
Saboda rashin rashin lafiyar sanyi, ana iya girma a yankunan kudancin kudanci.
Har ila yau rarraba a Belarus da Ukraine.
Yawo
Differs a high yawan aikigame da 90-100 kg. daga itace. Girbi a karshen Satumba - Oktoba.
Bayan watanni 2-3 na ajiya, an inganta dandano. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin shekara guda.
Winter Grushovka ke tsiro a kusa da pollinators: Anis Striped, Antonovka, Papirovka, Kwanƙasa Kwanƙasa, Cinwan Kirtani.
Tsinkayar bishiyoyi kawai ne kawai tare da irin wannan furanni. Sabili da haka, waɗannan bishiyoyi sun fi kyau dasa su gaba.
Dasa da kulawa
Lokacin zabar shafin don dasa shuki, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da taimako, abun da ke cikin ƙasa, zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa, da dai sauransu.
Idan lamarin ya bunƙasa pears, itatuwan oak, rowan, maples da lindensto, yana da kyau a shuka itacen apple.
Ba za ka iya zaɓar shuka furanni ba.
Wannan zai haifar da mutuwar apple daga ambaliya da daskarewa.
Zai fi kyau a zabi don saukowa ba layin layi ba, amma sannu mai zurfi.
Ƙasar da ta fi dacewa don apple itatuwa suna sod, sod-podzolic, sod low- da matsakaici-podzolic, haske loamy da yashi loam.
Kada ku sanya lambuna a kan kasa.
Zai fi kyau shuka shuke-shuke a spring amma a kakagame da wata daya kafin farkon wannan sanyi. Amma a cikin bazara ba lallai ba ne a jinkirta saukowa.
Don aiwatar da dasa shuki a lokacin, duk aikin aikin shiri dole ne a gudanar a cikin fall. Ramin a karkashin seedlings ya kamata tare da m gangara, 80-100 cm fadi da 50-70 cm zurfi.
An tanada takin mai magani a cikin rami 3-4 days kafin saukowa. A cikin rami mai shirya Yi kimanin kilogram 30. humus Yi sabo taki kada ta kasance. An yi rami a cikin rami da aka haƙa domin a iya sa tushen bishiyar.
Saukowa mafi kyau ne don aiwatarwa tare da garter hadarurruka seedlings. Wannan zai ba su zaman lafiya a farkon ci gaba da ci gaba.
Ana fitar da ƙidaya a gaban dasa, to, ana dasa itacen apple. Ana sanya wani gungumen azaba a gefen arewacin gangar jikin, don kare seedling daga sanyi da rana.
Saukowa ya kamata ya zama zurfi, tare da maƙerin kwalliya tare da kan iyakoki na rami. Nan da nan bayan saukowa a cikin kwari 20-30 l. ruwa. Bayan dafa ruwan ciyawa takin da humus. A cikin yanayin bushe, ruwa sau 2-3 a cikin kwanaki 12-15.
A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki, wajibi ne mai laushi mai kyau. da kuma kiyaye shi tsabta daga weeds kuma lokaci-lokaci ya rabu.
Ba a amfani da takin mai magani a wannan lokacin.
Da farko na sanyi, itacen bishiyoyi nannade spruce don kare daga rodents.
Na farko pruning yi don daidaita rassan da kuma samuwar babban akwati.
Don yin wannan, yanke rassan gefen: saman - 1/3 na tsawon, kasa baya taɓa.
Grushovka ta babban akwati an yanke 30-35 cm mafi girma daga gefen rassan. Trimming ne da za'ayi a cikin bazara.
A cikin shekara ta biyu, a lokacin bazara, an cire spruce, ana haƙa ƙasa kuma an hadu da humus a nesa na 30 cm daga akwati.
A cikin bazara suka ƙara ƙarin nitrogen da takin mai magani, a cikin fall - phosphorus-potassium da takin mai magani.
Top dressing ne da za'ayi kafin da kuma bayan flowering. A cikin kaka suna tono sama da aisles.
Trunks har zuwa 5 shekaru chalked, sa'an nan kuma lemun tsami. Kada ka manta game da tying trunks don hunturu.
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa gudanar da abincin potassium da phosphorus kowace shekara 3-4, da takin mai magani nitrogen - a kowace shekara. Ƙararruwar da ba ta da tushe ta kara yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma juriya ga cutar. Kamar yadda ake buƙatar yin pruning.
Dubi bidiyo akan yadda za'a kare seedlings daga rodents.
Cututtuka da kwari
Apple kwari sun hada da:
- Brown 'ya'yan itace tick, ja apple kaska. Bar suna ban mamaki. Don magance matsalolin, yayyafa itace tare da chamomile ko fusion taba a cikin bazara. Bayan ɗan lokaci, zaka iya amfani da 10% karbofos, bayan flowering - don aiwatar da colloidal sulfur. An yanke rassan da aka haramta da kone su.
- Rufin leaf Apple. A lokacin da ake magance larvae, an yi amfani da ruwa da ruwa mai tsabta. An cigaba da tsufa da hayaki na taba.
- Green apple aphid, ja apple peach. Za ku iya yin yaki da shi ta hanyar yaduwar karbofos, ruwan sha, ko infusions na taba, tafarnuwa, pine needles. Barrel tsabtace da lemun tsami.
- Apple treeworm shchitovka, ringed silkworm, hunturu asu, leafworm, apple asu, apple asu, apple sawfly, 'ya'yan itace sapwood. Matakan tsaro sunyi daidai da juna: spraying, pruning, harkar ƙasa a kusa da gangar jikin kuma samar da belt na musamman, whitewashing.
Koshin hunturu, ko da yake zuwa karami fiye da Moscow, amma har ma yiwuwa ga scab da powdery mildew. Har ila yau, za a iya shafa ciwon daji na kowa da kuma 'ya'yan itace rot.
Matakan sarrafawa. Spraying Bordeaux cakuda, whitewashing Trunks tare da Bugu da kari na jan karfe sulfate, dace aikace-aikace na ma'adinai da takin mai magani, pruning da kuma kone shafi rassan.
Babban abinda ke girma itacen apple shine kulawa mai kyau (dasa shuki, watering, ciyarwa da fadace-fadace). Itacen bishiya ba al'ada ba ne mai girma ya yi girma kuma ya dace da masu farawa.
