Versaunar masu inabõbi da ke zaune a yankuna masu sanyi suna neman nau'ikan da zasu iya jure ruwan sanyi waɗanda zasu iya samar da amfanin gona na ɗan gajeren lokaci da sanyi. An cika waɗannan sharuɗɗan ta hanyar farkon tsirar Tason iri-iri, wanda aka rarrabe shi ta hanyar girbin mai yawa da dandano mai ɗanɗano.
Tarihin girma inabi Tason
Tason tebur inabi samu a wucin gadi kan tushen iri Italiya da Zoreva makiyayin T. A. Sonina a All-Rasha Research Institute of Viticulture da Winemaking su. J.I. Potapenko. Ba a haɗa wannan iri-iri ba a cikin rajistar jihar, duk da haka, yawancin masoya suna da haɓaka da shi. Mafi nasara, ana noma shi a cikin yanayin yankin Rostov, Crimea, Ukraine, amma zai iya girma ya ba da 'ya'ya har ma a yankuna na Moscow da Leningrad da kuma arewacin Belarus.
Tason ya shahara sosai saboda yawanta
Bayanin da halaye na iri-iri
Tason yana da farkon lokacin girmewa (kwanaki 100-110 daga lokacin da aka buɗe furannin) don samun amfanin gona. Wannan nau'ikan yana da sauƙin yaduwa - kayansa suna da tushe kuma suna haɗuwa tare da jari.
Bushes suna da girma, suna girma sosai. A lashes da kyau (kusan tare da dukan tsawon) ripen by kaka. Harbe mai 'ya'yan itace suna haɓakawa sama da rabin.
Ganyen yana da lobes biyar, suna daɗaɗa ƙarfi kuma suna da launi mai duhu kore. Furannin fure ne na bisexual, don haka wannan nau'ikan baya buƙatar pollinators.
Itacen furanni na Italiyan suna da tsabta ta ƙudan zuma
Bayan fure, gungu na nuna akan itacen inabin, wanda, lokacin da aka zuba shi, ya sami sifar sikelin. Ensididdigar su matsakaiciya ce, kuma girman tana da girma babba, ɗinda ya kai kilogiram 0-0-08, har zuwa girman kilogram 1.2.
Berries mai siffa-mai launin fata, lokacin da cikakke cikakke, suna da launin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda tare da ja tan a gefen haske. Inabi ya kai girman 25 x 18 mm da kuma 6-7 g .. Fatar fata mai matsakaici ne, idan aka cinye ta, ba a jin ta. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai yawa m, crunchy. Akwai tsaba a cikin berries, amma suna ƙanana sabili da haka kusan ba'a ji ba.
Danshi yana da daɗi, ƙanshi na nutmeg. Babban abun ciki na sukari (19-21 g a 100 cm3ana biyan shi wani adadin acid (5-6 g / dm3), wanda ke tabbatar da dandano mai jituwa.
A cikin haske mai kyau, berries ɗin sun sami kyakkyawan tan.
Tason ya sami ƙaunar masu siyar da giya ba wai kawai a yankuna na kudu ba, har ma a tsakiyar tsaka saboda fa'idarsa:
- ripening da wuri (ƙarnin da ya gabata na Yuli);
- babban samfuri (har zuwa gungu 40 zuwa daga daji 1, wancan shine kilogiram 20-30);
- babban dandano (maki 8.2) da bayyanar kyakkyawa;
- adana tsawon lokaci na berries a daji (kimanin watanni 2);
- jure yanayin rigar (berries ba crack);
- juriya ga harkokin sufuri.
Wannan iri-iri kuma ba tare da fursunoni ba:
- low jure cutar fungal (oidium, mildew, launin toka mai tsayi);
- in mun gwada da rashin juriya sanyi (har zuwa -22 ° C).
Siffofin dasa shuki iri Tason
Tason ya dace da girma a kusan kowane yanayi. Ko da a cikin yanayin gajeren lokacin bazara, yakan iya sarrafa amfanin gona saboda gajeriyar lokacin girma.
A duka yankuna masu dumin sanyi da sanyi, yana da kyau a dasa Tason a gefen rijiyar kudu mai haske sosai a wurin. Tare da rashin hasken rana, berries ba zai sami launi da ya dace ba kuma ya kasance launin fari-fari. A kasar gona a kan shafin ya kamata m da danshi-permeable, a cikin wani hali swampy.
Mafi kyawun duka, inabi yana jin kariya ta shinge ko gine-ginen da ke kare bushes daga iska mai sanyi.
Dukansu bazara da damina sun dace da dasa shuki. Tunda galibi ana yin girma a Tason a yankuna masu sanyi, dasa shuki (har tsakiyar watan Mayu) ya fi dacewa da shi. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire zasu sami lokaci don haɓaka sosai kafin yanayin sanyi.
Hakanan ana shuka Tason tare da amfanin gona mai tushe, kuma ana shuka shi akan ma'aunin girma. Yankan kowane ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin an girbe su a cikin bazara, suna yanyan ɓoyayyen ɓangaren itacen inabi da idanu 4-5. Don lokacin hunturu, sassansu da ke wakkala, kuma an tsabtace da kansu a cikin cellar ko firiji.
Don mafi kyawun adana danshi a cikin yankan, sassan ya kamata a rufe shi da paraffin
Alurar riga kafi an yi kamar haka:
- Zaɓi hannun jari na daji, wanda aka yanke gaba ɗaya, yana barin karamin hemp.
- An yanke cutan da weji kuma an saka shi cikin ɓarna da aka yi tare da ƙyanƙyashe ƙamshi a tsakiyar ɓangaren ɓoyayyen.
- Wurin yin rigakafi yana ɗaure da sutura kuma an rufe shi da yumɓu.
Bidiyo: alurar rigakafi
Idan kuna son yankan ya zama tushen, to sai su yi kamar haka:
- A farkon rabin Fabrairu, ana fitar da su daga ɗakunan ajiya, yanka suna wartsake.
- Sanya ƙananan abin hannun a cikin kwalbar ruwa ko a cikin tukunya (ko kwalban filastik ɗin da aka yanka) tare da ƙasa mai laushi.
- A tsakiyar watan Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu, ana canja seedlings zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Bidiyo: 'Ya'yan itacen innabi masu girma daga Chubuk
Shuka inabi ya ƙunshi matakan nasara:
- Mako guda kafin dasa shuki, an shirya rami tare da zurfin da diamita na 0.8 m.
- A rabin zurfin, ramin yana cike da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki (ƙasa mai ma'ana, takin gargajiya, salts na phosphorus salts), an rufe shi da ƙasa mai bakin ciki.
- An saita seedling a cikin rami, ƙoƙarin kada ya karya matasa fararen Tushen.
- Yayyafa shi tare da ƙasa, compused kuma shayar.
Don a tabbatar da magudanar ruwa, ana jefa maɓallin tsakuwa ko bulo mai fashewa a cikin ramin saitin idan akwai buƙata
Dokokin Kulawa
Tason yana ba da amsa ga kulawa mai kyau, amma babu wasu matsaloli na musamman game da haɓaka wannan nau'in.
Girma da gyaran fuska
Sakamakon haɓaka mai ƙarfi, dole ne a bi da busheshen itacen inabi don samuwar. Hanya mafi sauki ita ce fan. Hakanan zaka iya samar da daji a cikin nau'ikan katangar mai hawa biyu ko kuma kayi girma akan baka. A cikin yankuna masu ɗumi inda inabi ba sa buƙatar a rufe shi don hunturu, ana iya noma shi da daidaitaccen tsari, kamar itace.
Yana ɗaukar shekaru 3-4 don samun daji mai siffa fan
Lokacin cropping, kuna buƙatar tuna da ƙa'idodi na asali:
- Mafi kyawun nauyin Tason bai wuce 30-40 ba akan wani daji.
- Ya kamata a yanka kowane itacen inabi cikin idanu 10-12.
Inabi tare da babban iri za a iya girma a yankuna masu ɗumi
A cikin kaka, an yanke inabi, a cire wasu sassan mara kyau na itacen inabin, karin rassa da harbe mai toho. Idan yanayin hunturu a yankin ya faɗi ƙasa -22 ... -24 ° C, a ƙarshen Oktoba yakamata a aza itacen a ƙasa a rufe. Agrofabric mai dacewa, wani yanki na ƙasa, bambaro ko kayan mai.
Don kare inabi daga sanyi, ya zama dole don ɗaure itacen inabin, sa su a ƙasa kuma ya rufe tare da bambaro
Watse
Watering inabi yana buƙatar matsakaici - danshi mai wuce haddi zai ji rauni kawai. Galibi ana shayar da ruwa sau 3-4 a kakar:
- Bayan fure.
- A lokacin ripening tsawon berries.
- Bayan girbin.
- Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi.
Don mafi kyawun kula da danshi a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes, an bada shawara don ciyawa da'irar gangar jikin tare da kayan halitta:
- peat
- sawdust
- ciyawar ciyawa.
Manyan miya
Don samun girbi mai yawa, kuna buƙatar takin gonar inabin a kai a kai.
- Ana amfani da tushen rigar na farko kwanaki bayan an gama fure.
- Sa'an nan kuma ana ciyar da tsire-tsire a farkon ripening na berries - wannan yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka matsakaiciyar gungu.
- Ana yin riguna na ƙarshe na ƙarshe a cikin bazara tare da salts na potassium, wanda ke ƙara juriya na tsire-tsire masu sanyi.
Ana ba da shawarar wani lokacin don sa riguna a farkon farkon lokacin girma, amma wannan na iya haifar da haɓakar taro mai yawa na daji zuwa lalata amfanin gona.
An gabatar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin nau'i na slurry ko jiko na droppings kaza, kuma za a iya amfani da taki mai jujjuya (ana amfani dashi a lokacin farin ciki na ciyawa cm 7-10 cm). Kada ka manta cewa inabi suna da amfani alama abubuwan:
- boric acid;
- manganese sulfates;
- zinc sulfates.
Inabi ya amsa da kyau don kayan miya na sama. Don yin wannan, shirya hanyoyin magance ruwa na takin mai magani:
- nitrogen (nitonium nitrate 0.3%);
- phosphoric (superphosphate 5-7%);
- potash (potassium chloride potassium 1.5%).
Za a iya haɗuwa da miya da rigakafin hana ruwa a kan cututtukan fungal.
Bidiyo: hadi da hada inabi
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Berries Tason yana girma a tsayin bazara kuma, a zahiri, jawo hankalin tsuntsaye da wasps. Daga tsuntsaye, zaku iya kare shingen itacen inabi tare da raga (zai fi dacewa da tsauri da kuma mes mes).
Kuna iya tserewa daga wasps ta hanyar saita tarkuna masu kashe kwari da lalata nadin makami. Idan baku ji tsoron ƙarin aiki ba, zai fi kyau a kunsa kowane goge a cikin jaka.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa kwari masu amfani na iya fadawa tarkon kwari.
Jakar raga za ta sami nasarar kare amfanin gonar innabi daga wasps
Mafi haɗari fiye da wasps, yana iya juya ya zama phylloxera - aphid na microscopic wanda ke shafar duka sassan ƙasa na shuka da tsarin tushen. A kan shi, jiyya tare da lalacewa mai lalacewa zai taimaka:
- Tare da mummunan rauni na phylloxera, ana amfani da sashi na 300-400 cm3/ m2. Wannan yana ba ku damar lalata kwari, amma gonar inabin na iya mutuwa.
- Don kula da dasa shuki, yi amfani da sashi na 80 cm3/ m2.
Rashin nasarar inabi inabi phylloxera an dauki ɗayan mafi haɗari
Hanya mafi kyau don hana phylloxera shine grafting akan hannun jari mai tsayayya da phylloxera.
Tason ba shi da tsayayya sosai ga oidium, mildew da launin toka. Saboda farkon 'ya'yan itacen inabi, waɗannan cututtukan ba koyaushe suke "ci gaba da sauri" tare da girbin ba. Amma yin rigakafin ya zama dole a kowane yanayi. Shirye-shiryen jan karfe sun dace:
- Bordeaux ruwa
- Captan
- Vitriol,
- Tsinos.
Girbi, adanawa da amfanin gona
Tason fara tattarawa a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Yuli. Idan amfanin gona yayi yawa, zaka iya barin wasu abubuwan gogewa a daji - sun rataye har zuwa tsakiyar Satumba, ba tare da rasa ɗanɗano su ba.
An adana 'ya'yan inabi inabi a cikin firiji na kimanin wata daya. 'Ya'yan innabi da aka dakatar a cikin dakin sanyi mai sanyi na tsawon watanni 2-3.
Tason galibi ana cinye sabo, amma ana iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar:
- raisins
- giya
- ruwan 'ya'yan itace
- compote
- jigogi.
Beckmes, ko kurangar innabi, ba kawai dadi ba ne, har ma da lafiya
Masu saida kayan inabi
Ni cikakken mamakin da ikon wannan iri-iri don adana na dogon lokaci a cikin bushes. An sanya shi ranar 5 ga Agusta kuma yanzu Satumba 12 yana rataye a jaka. Tasteanɗanarta sun yi haske sosai fiye da nutmeg. Berry cikakke ne mai ruwan hoda, mai laushi kuma mai dumin yawa, ban lura da wani saurin ɗaukar hankali ba, kamar yadda ya faru da Krasa Nikopol a yau (amma ban gwada irin sukari kamar a cikin KN ba, wata daya bayan an farfado, a cikin tebur iri ɗaya).
Evgeny Anatolyevich, Tervropol Territory//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=668
Tason a cikin gonar inabinsa na daya daga cikin manyan dangi da ake girmamawa da kuma ƙaunataccen dangi na. A lokaci guda, shine ma katin kirana a kowane nune-nunen. Wannan nau'ikan yana buƙatar zaɓin, da farko, kyakkyawan yanayi mai kyau da haske, mai dacewa da kariya ta zamani daga cututtuka, sannan kuma kyakkyawa! Amma ga arewacin Belarus, Na yi la'akari da shi ya zama daidaitaccen dandano a cikin dandano da kasuwancin don girma a cikin iskar gas, amma a cikin al'adun parietal, yana samar da kyakkyawan ingantattun gungu waɗanda ke nauyin 500-600 g (a cikin buhu na shinkafa har zuwa 800 g, yana girma a can ma) tare da kyakkyawan launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi-8 g, saboda a arewa bamu "mai ba". Abun sukari kusan kashi 17-19% yana samun wadataccen acidity, babu wasu matsaloli musamman game da matatturan vine, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da tsawo. Bugu da kari, Na lura cewa gungu sun rataye da kyau na dogon lokaci akan bushes. Amma sake Ina jaddada slack lokacin namowa baya yafewa.
Vadim Tochilin, Novopolotsk, Belarus//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=185.0
Tason, idan aka kwatanta da na Asiya ta Tsakiya iri ɗaya, sosai "ya bar" cututtukan fungal, a cikin yanayinmu, tare da gurɓataccen iska da kuma fesa ruwa, zaku iya samun oidium akan bunches, amma gabaɗaya, tare da talakawa, ba tsananin wuce gona da iri ba, iri-iri suna nuna kanta sosai (ba Rizamat ba Shahin bane, a wata kalma), don haka ina tsammanin cewa har Tason ƙaƙƙarfan Turai ne, amma ya cancanci kulawa.
Krasokhina, Novocherkassk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=668
Drawaya daga cikin hasarar Tason shine murfin. A wannan shekara girbin farko shine - 6 kilogiram (a baya - ƙarancin siginar kan ɗan shekaru 2 ba mai ban sha'awa bane) mafi girma goge shine 850 g., Launi da dandano ba su da alaƙa! Amma wasps din har yanzu basu ciba. Zan rataye jaka a shekara mai zuwa.
HITRO, garin Ochakov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=668
Dandano na Tason shine KYAUTA, nutmeg. Oidium - kadan Ee. Mildew - a'a. Wasps - i, mai dadi sosai kuma harsashi yana da bakin ciki.
Belikova Galina, Volgograd//vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=62&t=115
Ina da daji daya na fruan itace na wannan nau'ikan.Na shirya sake sake samun ma'aurata da yawa don wannan nau'in.Tason hakika ainihin farkon innabi iri-iri ne tare da berry mai dadi. Ana shimfiɗa shi da kyau, gungu na suturar cinikayya, matsakaici mai yawa, ba tare da fis ba. Cikakke mai launin shuɗi-ruwan hoda, mai dadi tare da mmemeg. Babu cututtukan fungal a kan gadajen sarauta. Bayan mun girbe, yana da kyau a aiwatar da haɓakar kore daga mildew da oidium, saboda a watan Satumba, yawanci ana cutar da Tason. Wannan magani yana kiyaye murfin mai lalacewa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantacciyar ƙwayar bishiyar itacen inabi da kuma jingina amfanin gona na gaba.
Senchanin, Ukraine//vinograd777.ru/forum/showthread.php?t=288
Itacen inabi na Tason yana dacewa da masu samar da giya daga kusan kowace yanki na Rasha. Tabbas, samun kyakkyawan girbi zai buƙaci ɗan aiki da lokaci, amma zasu biya tare da kyawawan halayen berries.
