Yawan shanu da fari sun bayyana a kwanan nan kaɗan, amma sun gudanar da su a cikin shahararren sharaɗɗun gandun daji a gidaje masu zaman kansu da kuma manyan gonaki. Ya yi nasara tare da adawa ga yanayi daban-daban, ƙarancin zuciya, tsayayya da danniya da madara mai kyau da alamun nama. A cikin labarinmu zamu tattauna game da siffofin abun ciki na waɗannan dabbobi.
Tarihin da halaye na gari
An tsara jinsi a shekarar 1998. Wannan taron ya riga ya rigaya ya wuce aiki mai tsawo da aiki na shayarwa. 
Zaɓin zaɓi
An fara aiki akan nau'in a shekarar 1977. An gudanar da shi a cikin matakai uku:
- Cigaba da shanu guda daya tare da maniyyi na shanu na ja-motley Holstein ya samo don ya sami zuriya na farko;
- samun hybrids II da III ƙarni;
- zaɓi na mutane waɗanda ke biyan bukatun don karin ƙetare tsakanin su, don samun sabon nau'in.
Familiarize kanka tare da shanu na shanu a cikin nama da kiwo wuraren: Alatau, Bestuzhev, Brown Caucasian, Krasnogorbatov, Schwyck.
Standard
- Weight Yawan 900-1100 (namiji), har zuwa 600 kg (mace), har zuwa 485 kg (heifers), 36-38 kilogiram (jariri), 37-39 kg (jariri).
- Height a withers. 140-145 cm (sa), 132-138 cm (saniya).
- A kwat da wando. Red-motley. Bambanci a launi daga haske mai duhu zuwa launin ruwan duhu yana yiwuwa.
- Wina. Short, santsi.
- Udder Ƙirƙin cin kofin-da-da-kullun tare da cylindrical nipples. Index 42-43%.
- Shugaban Babban, tare da goshin goshi.
- Sauti. Ƙananan, fararen, matakai masu launin launin ruwan kasa, sun juya baya.
- Torso. Karamin, ƙwaya, tare da kafa gefuna.
- Neck Dogon, lebur, tare da tsalle a cikin bijimai.
- Chest. Rage, zurfi, tare da raguwa. Girth a shanu - har zuwa 200 cm, a cikin awaki - 230-235 cm.
Abincin nama da masu ba da laushi
- Udy. Kwanan 540 na lactation na farko, 700 kilogiram na biyu, bayan na uku calving - 5-6 ton.
- Fat 3,8-4,09 %.
- Protein. 3,2-3,4 %.
- Kyautar Milk. 1.6-1.8 kg / min.
- An yi amfani da Milk don yin man shanu da cuku mai wuya.
- An haifi maraƙin yana kimanin kilo 33-37. A shekara ta samu 250-300 kg. A cikin watanni 16-18 yana auna kilo 380-400. Adadin nauyi har zuwa watanni shida shine 1.5 kilogiram a kowace rana.
- An saka bullheads a kan fattening a watanni 12-14. Ya kamata a yanka shi a shekara 15-18. A wannan zamani, yawan amfanin nama shine 56-60%. Sakamakon kayan nama shine 52.5-54%.
Ƙara koyo game da madara mai shayarwa: nau'i mai yawa, abun ciki mai kyau, abun da ke ciki, amfani da damuwa, hanyoyin sarrafawa da iri.
Gwani da kuma fursunoni
Binciko na asali:
- yawancin nama da madara mai yawan gaske;
- a cikin rayuwa, saniya zai iya samun har zuwa 14 calving;
- adawa ga kowane yanayi;
- rashin jin dadi a abinci.
Of fursunoni Zaka iya zaɓar kawai yiwuwar lahani na ɓangaren kamarsu tayi, tsaka-tsalle.
Karanta kuma game da nauyin nauyin shanu.
Maintenance da kula
Kwayoyin dabbobi sukan ƙunshi hanyar taya. A cikin hunturu, suna zaune a dakin, kuma a lokacin rani sukanyi tafiya a kan wuraren noma. Ga kowane lokaci na abun ciki yana da halaye na kansa.
Tafiya yana tafiya ƙasa
Dole ne matakan tafiya su kasance a cikin kowane gonaki da ke kula da kiwon dabbobi. Yayinda yake tafiya, saniya tana tallafawa tsarin aikin jiki na dukkanin tsarin jiki. An gina shafin a hanyar da kowane saniya yana da murabba'in mita 15. m yankin a cikin babu surface mai wuya da 8 square mita. m - don shafin da wuya surface. Matasa suna bukatar mita 10 da 5. m, bi da bi, calves - mita 5 da 2 square. m, bi da bi. 
Yana da kyawawa don samar da yankin paddock a gefen kudu na gine-gine don haka ana kiyaye shi daga zayyana. A kan iyakokinta kana buƙatar sanya masu ciyar da masu sha. Har ila yau, wajibi ne don shirya wuri tare da rufiinda dabbobi zasu iya karewa daga yanayin ko rana mai haskakawa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Za'a iya saki dabbobi a kan tafiya har ma a cikin hunturu, amma ba tsawon sa'o'i 4-6 ba. A lokacin rani, za su iya ciyar har zuwa sa'o'i 12-14 a nan.
Shiryawa na sito
Wurin shine babban ɓangare na sito. Don ingantaccen ɗayan mutum ɗaya, dole ne a raba wuri mai mita mita 2.5. A kowane ɗakin ajiya, an shigar da mai ciyarwa inda kimanin 6 kg na hay zai iya dacewa. Ana iya yin itace ko karfe. Ana yin amfani da su a mafi yawan lokuta a kan wuraren kiwo. Zai zama da shawarar yin daya don abinci mai bushe, kuma wani don abinci mai yisti. A kusa ya zama babban kwano, mafi kyau shi ne atomatik. Hanya na masu shayarwa da masu shayawa su zama irin waɗannan dabbobi zasu iya shiga abinda ke ciki.
A cikin shanu na shanu suna dauke da leash. Dole ne a zaba sarkar a cikin hanyar da ba ta hana ƙwayar dabba ba, ba ya cutar da shi, an cire shi sauƙin, amma a lokaci guda yana da tsayi. 
Ƙasa a cikin ɗakin ajiya an layi tare da yankakke, peat. Sau da yawa amfani da cakuda wadannan kayan cikin rabo na 2: 1. Wannan litter yana shayar da fitsari da iskar gas sosai. Ga wani samfurori kana buƙatar kilogiram na 3 na irin wannan kwanciya kowace rana.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan an shigar da tsarin shinge na atomatik a cikin sito, za a iya canza litter ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Fresh bambaro ne aka tara a saman. Lokacin da Layer ya fi ƙarfin mita, sai a maye gurbin litter.
Yanayin tsarewa
Dama mai dadi a cikin sito don shanu ja-motley shine +10 ° C, amma bambancinsa daga +4 ° C (a cikin hunturu) zuwa +20 ° C (a lokacin rani) an halatta. Don kula da yawan zafin jiki a cikin iyakan da aka ƙayyade yana taimakawa wajen samun iska. Har ila yau, yana samar da iska mai tsabta. Zai iya gudana ta hanyar windows, amma ya fi dacewa don shirya iska. An gina ta a hanyar da babu wani fasali.
Don dabbobi su ci gaba da al'ada kuma suna jin dadin aikin samar da madara, mai haske yana da muhimmanci a cikin sito. Dogon lokacin hasken rana ya kamata game da awa 16. Zai fi dacewa don amfani da fitilun LED. Sun kasance mafi fannin tattalin arziki da kuma m. Bugu da kari, an kare lafiyarsu daga danshi.
Ana wanke sito
An saki Ammonawa da carbon dioxide tare da kayan sharar da shanu. A yawancin yawa, suna da illa ga shanu, sabili da haka, tsaftace tsagewa da sauya litter ya kamata a yi yau da kullum. Masu ciyar da masu sha ma suna buƙatar wannan, tun da abubuwa masu rarrafe na kwayoyin halitta zasu iya ingantawa a cikin sharan gona. 
Idan an tattara taki a wuraren ajiya na musamman, zai yiwu a ajiye shanu a kan kwanciya mai nauyi. A wannan yanayin, ana canza sau biyu a shekara. Wannan hanyar kulawa tana da izinin kawai tare da samun iska mai kyau. In ba haka ba, an maye gurbin littafi a kowace rana.
Shin kuna sani? Cows suna da hanzari, saboda haka ana bada shawarar su kasance a hade su a lokaci guda, in ba haka ba za su rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da madara da kuma abun ciki.
Ciyar da abinci
Ga shanu masu launin ja da fari don samar da madara mai kyau da yawa, dole ne a ciyar da su cikin daidaituwa da kuma jadawalin.
Summer tafiya a cikin makiyaya
Dalili akan abinci na shanu a lokacin rani shine ciyawa. Amma don canja wurin dabba zuwa irin wannan menu yana da muhimmanci sosai don haka babu matsaloli tare da ciki. A rana ta farko, saki garke don makiyaya don 2-3 hours da safe da maraice. Yana da kyau don ciyar da shanu tare da hay kafin tafiya.
Kara karantawa game da shanu na kiwo akan makiyaya.
Fasto yana bukatar a shirya a gaba. Wurin ya kamata ya bushe kuma ba tare da mollusks ba, wanda shine tsaka-tsaki a cikin rayuwa ta helminths. Clover, alfalfa, vetch, pea, Timothawus da ciyawa mai naman shuka ya kamata a girma a nan. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna kara yawan abincin mai madara.
Kwanan wata mutum yakan ci 50 kilogiram na ciyawa. Daga cikin wadannan, kilogiram 5 shine busassun wuri, wanda aka ba da dare don aiki mafi kyau na ciki. 
Bugu da ƙari, ganyayyaki, rani na rani na shanu sun hada da beets, karas, raw dankali, turnips, rutabaga. Zaka iya yin magana: Mix bran tare da yankakken dankali, gishiri da ƙara ruwa.
Differences a cikin hunturu ciyar
A lokacin hunturu, shanu na ja-motley suna tuba zuwa hay, kuma an cire shinge da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire daga abinci. A ranar da alamar alaka, 1.5-2 kilogiram na hay da kilo 100 na nauyi, har zuwa 4-6 kilogiram na oatmeal ko hatsin rai, 3-6 kilogiram na fis bambaro, ko 3-4 kilogiram na katako da ake bukata.
Ƙara koyo game da cin abinci da kiwo da shanu a cikin hunturu.
Abinci na hunturu na yau da kullum na mace mace zai kasance kamar haka:
- 9 kg alkama ciyawa hay;
- 2-3 kilogiram na masara silage;
- 8-9 kilogiram na haylage;
- 2-3 kilogiram na busassun ciyawa, legumes;
- har zuwa 3 kilogiram na abinci.
Daily rage cin abinci na sa:
- 5 kilogiram na hay;
- 11 kilogiram na silage;
- 3 kilogiram na ƙira;
- 6 kilogiram na kayan lambu mai tushe;
- 60 g na gishiri da kuma ciyar phosphate.
Shin kuna sani? Tun daga shekara ta 1998, wasan kwaikwayo na duniya ya kira "Cow Balade". Zane-zane na shanu an yi su ne da fiberlass, fenti da kuma nuna a tituna manyan birane. Sa'an nan kuma ana sayar da su, kuma kudaden suna sadaka.
An shayar da nauyin shanu na shanu don samo yawan amfanin gona mai yawa. Wannan shine abin da ke jawo hankalin manoma. Bugu da ƙari, irin waɗannan dabbobi ba su da kyau, tare da kwanciyar hankali, don lokaci mai tsawo ya kasance da damar haifa. Tare da kulawa da kulawa da kyau, za su ba da madara mai daɗi.
