A yau, masu shayarwa suna ba wa lambu cikakkun nau'ikan tsire-tsire na musamman waɗanda ke jawo hankali tare da sababbin 'ya'yan itatuwa, ƙanshi ko kyan kayan ado. Irin waɗannan misalai sun haɗa da matasan currant da gooseberries.
Sanarwa da halaye na matasan na currants da gooseberries
Wannan nau'in shuka yana da tarihi mai wahala, saboda an samo shi ta hanyar ƙetarawa.
Asalin sunan: gooseberries ketare tare da currants, kamar yadda suke faɗa
Yawancin lambu sun riga sun ji game da iri-iri da aka samu ta hanyar haye gooseberries da currants. Bambanci a cikin halayensa, ana kiran matasan a cikin yoshta.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
Asalin tarihi
Ivan Michurin ya yi nasarar tsallake wasu ire-iren ire-ire har guda biyu, amma dai mai shayarwa Rudolf Bauer ne ya yi sa'a. Yoshta matasan ya zo Rasha ne a 1986. Bayan haka, shuka ya inganta, kuma halayensa sun inganta.
Shahararrun nau'ikan
Zuwa ga tambayar, gauraya daga gooseberries da baƙar fata, kamar yadda suke faɗa, ana iya amsa ta jerin sunayen iri. Wannan shi ne:
- Dan kasar Hungary Rike;
- Soyayyar Soviet Zvyagina;
- Chrome ya rasa gado;
- Krondal dan Amurka ne.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da waɗannan gaurayawan suna kama da currants da gooseberries. Ba su sami rarrabawa mai ƙarfi ba a cikin yankuna na Rasha.
Sabbin abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da ire-irensu, waɗanda aka fara kiranta:
- EMB. Dajin Ingilishi mai shayarwa yana da tsawo na 1.8 a farkon fure yana samar da wuri da wuri. Yawan aiki - 5-10 kilogiram a kowane daji;
- Crohn. A iri-iri nasa ne da Yaren mutanen Sweden ci gaba. Berries yana da ɗan ƙaramin girman girma, tanadin dogon lokaci akan daji da ɗanɗano mara kyau. Ana amfani da wannan iri-iri don ƙirƙirar shinge mai kyau. Yawan aiki - har zuwa 3 kilogiram a kowane daji;
- Moreau. Wannan ciyawar tana da siffar columnar. Area similaran itacen sunyi kama da cherries, fatar jikinsu launin shunayya ce, ƙanshinta yana da wuyan musky;
- Yohimi. Za'a iya kiran nau'ikan iri ɗaya mafi nasara ci gaba. Tana ba da amfani mai kyau a cikin ƙasashen Bahar Rum. Bushes yayi girma har zuwa mita 2. Yawan aiki - har zuwa kilogiram 10 a kowane daji;
- Rext An kafa tatsuniya tare da harbe da kafaffun, berries suna da dadi. Yawan aiki - 5-10 kilogiram daga wani daji.
Kula! Masu shayarwa har yanzu suna ci gaba da ƙirƙirar nau'ikan currants na hatsi tare da ja gooseberries, suna fata su sami al'adar samar da wadataccen haɓaka wacce ke da tsayayya da kamuwa da cuta.
Halayen bushes
Yoshta wani tsararren tsinken daji ne wanda baya da ƙaya. Ikonsa da ke yaduwa masu lalacewa suna lokaci zuwa lokaci. Itace don kyawawan fruiting ya kamata ya sami rassa 20 (a daidai yawan adadin rassa na shekara 1 da shekara na girma). Tushen da aka haɓaka ya yi zurfi cikin ƙasa zuwa 40 cm, saboda haka ana buƙatar dasa shuka a wuraren buɗe.
Halayen berries
Berries ana kafa su a cikin buroshi har zuwa 5 (wani lokacin har zuwa 9) guda. Yawancin nauyinsu yawanci kusan g 3. Duk da haka, a wasu nau'ikan wannan mai nuna alama ya kai g 5. Yoshta berries suna kama da cherry cikakke. Jiki-baƙar fata-baƙar fata daga cikin 'ya'yan itace mai yawa ne, ƙarancin tsaba a ciki. Jiki yana da dandano mai daɗi da ɗanɗano tare da ɗanɗarin musky.
Berries suna cikin buƙata a dafa abinci. An kwashe su da kyau kuma an adana su na dogon lokaci. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari su zauna a kan rassan har zuwa faɗuwa, koda kuwa sun riga sun cikakke.
Fasali Fasali
Yawancin iri ne na musamman, saboda yana haɗa halayen currants da gooseberries. Don fahimtar menene halayen iri-iri, ya kamata kuyi nazarin tsari na 'ya'yan itace, ɗanɗano dandano da sauran mahimman sigogi na matasan.
Ripening zamani da yawan amfanin ƙasa
Ripening na yoshta berries yana farawa a watan Yuli kuma yana makonni 3. Tun da yake 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da tabbaci a kan rassan, ba shi da daraja tsoron cewa za su fara murƙushe.
Ya danganta da iri-iri, nauyin berries zai iya zama 3-5 g, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa tare da kulawa mai dacewa - daga kilogiram 5 zuwa 10 a kowane daji.
Ku ɗanɗani halaye
Shayarwa masu tasowa, masu tasowa sabbin nau'ikan hybrids na currant tare da gooseberries, koyaushe suna ƙoƙari don inganta dandano. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana amfani da ɗanyen itace da bayanan zaki da na ɗanɗano tare da taɓawa ta nutmeg.
Kula! Yohimi iri-iri suna da ɗanɗano na asali mai daɗi, ba kama da gooseberries da currants. Hakanan ana rarrabe saitin rext ta ɗanɗano mai kyau.
Kamfar ruwa da juriya
Abubuwan da ke faruwa na kwanan nan na gicciye tsakanin gooseberries da baƙar fata currants an yi niyya don haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da dandano na amfanin gona. An ba da muhimmin wuri don juriya sanyi da jure fari. Latterayan na ƙarshen ya sami karuwar juriya sanyi, ƙarancin buƙatun don ban ruwa da nau'in ƙasa.
Kwanan nan bred hybrids ba sa son wuce haddi danshi kuma baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman kafin farkon sanyi.
Cutar da kwaro
Masu kiwo suna aiwatarwa don ƙetare currants tare da gooseberries suna ba da wuri mai mahimmanci don ƙarfafa juriya na hybrids zuwa cututtukan gado da kwari. Sabili da haka, girbin zamani sun riga sun zama marasa lafiya fiye da iyayensu. Ba su da saukin kamuwa da hare-hare ta kashin koda, sun fi tsayayya wa launin launin ruwan ƙasa da terry.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin da alamun terry suka bayyana, masana suna ba da shawara don halakar da shuka nan da nan don cutar cutar hoto ko bidiyo mai yaduwa ba ta watsu cikin makwabta bushes.
Yin amfani da Berry
Berries na Yoshta wani shago ne na musamman na bitamin da abubuwa masu amfani ga jikin mutum. A ƙarƙashin tasirin su, hanyoyin haɓaka sun haɓaka, ƙarfe masu nauyi da abubuwa masu guba, an kawar da tsarin rigakafi.
Tare da furannin yoshta marasa kwalliya, kuna samun jelly, jam da jam. Daga 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke suna sanya giya, giya, compotes.
Wine
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin iri-iri
Fa'idodin matasan sun hada da:
- ilimin halittar duniya na shuka (an shuka shi don samo berries kuma a zaman wani yanki na shimfidar wuri);
- rashin spikes a kan harbe;
- ɗanɗano musky na ainihi;
- sanyi juriya;
- ƙananan tushen harbe;
- undemanding ga kasar gona.
Yarda:
- a kwatancen da iyaye ke ba da ƙananan kayan aiki;
- Yana da kyau don pollination shuka gooseberries da currants kusa;
- lokacin tumatir din yana da tsawon watanni 2.
Tsarin ƙasa
Dasa matasa seedlings a shafin
Yoshta saukowa yana nuna wasu fasali. Da ke ƙasa za a bayyana sharudda game da shirya shuka da kuma yanayin dasa su.
Zabi da kuma shirya na seedlings
Don dasawa, ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu shekaru 1-3. Seedlings dole ne ya ci gaba tushen tsarin. Ganyayyaki masu duhu-kore zasu bada shaida ga kyakkyawan yanayin tsirar.
Lokaci da tsarin saukowa
Za'a iya aiwatar da saukowa a cikin Satumba ko Afrilu. Yankin da aka tura da kuma ruwan rana zasu zama abun so.
Mahimmanci! Don samun amfanin gona, ana shuka bushes a nesa na 1.5-2 m. Idan an ƙirƙiri shinge, to, yawan dasa shuki na iri-iri na matasan bai wuce 1 m ba.
Zabi wurin sauka
A shuka ji dadi a kan m kasa da high aeration. M chernozems, loamy da yashi loamy ƙasa. Tunda tsire-tsire sun fi son yanayin acidic mai tsaka-tsaki ko tsaka tsaki, ya kamata a ƙara alli lokacin dasa shuki a cikin rijiyoyin.
Shirya shafin
Kafin dasa shuki (a cikin kwanaki 60), wuraren da za a dasa tsire-tsire ya kamata a haƙa zuwa zurfin 50 cm. Yana da mahimmanci a cire tushen sako da duwatsun.
Tsarin ƙasa
An yi rijiyoyin mai zurfin zurfafa na cm 25. Koyaushe sanya tubalin da aka sare da ash a ƙasa. An sanya tushen tushen shuka a cikin rami a binne. Ruwa mai yawa yana zuba a cikin zangon saukowa, saman saman ƙasa yana rufe bambaro.
Ramin ramuka
Siffofin kulawa na yanayi
Yoshta, kamar kowane shuka da aka shuka, yana buƙatar kulawa. Da ke ƙasa za a bayyana fasalulluka na shayarwa da kwance.
Watering da ciyar
Ganin cewa nau'in yoshta na dangi Kryzhovnikov, yana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi. Reinforced watering za a iya za'ayi kawai a lokacin da tsananin fari da kuma lokacin da ripening na berries. Masana sun ba da shawara ga shayar da bushes sau ɗaya a mako, suna cika shuka tare da lita 10 na ruwa.
An shuka abinci mai gina jiki kamar haka:
- Tsarin tsuntsayen tsuntsaye (ko mullein) ana gabatar dasu ne a karkashin bishiya a lokacin bazara lokacin da buds suka bayyana. Litter tattara ne diluted a cikin ruwa a wani rabo daga 1:10 kuma zuba a karkashin daji 10 l / m2;
- a lokacin tumatir, ana hadi da bushes tare da superphosphate ko potassium sulfate. A ƙarƙashin tushe ta 1 m2, 40 g na kowane magani ana amfani dashi;
- Autumn saman miya na shuka yana mai da hankali kan ingancin ƙasa. Za'a iya amfani da humus, mullein ko takin ma'adinai (misali nitroammofosk 40 g / m2).
Mulching da namo
Tun da tushen yoshta ya bar 40 cm zuwa cikin ƙasa, ana kwance aikin layya bayan an shayar da ruwa ba tare da haɗarin lalacewar shuka ba. Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar mulching maimakon loosening.
Amfani da props
Tumbin, da ake kira yoshta, yana nufin tsiren da yake yaɗuwa, wanda ke zama matsala a lokacin girman 'ya'yan itace. Manyan reshe na bakin ciki suna fara lanƙwasawa da taɓa ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar bushes ta hanyar fungi da cututtuka. Don kauce wa wannan, masana sun bada shawarar tying bushes.
Hankali! Enarfafa bushes don kada su samar da wuce kima thickening.
Jiyya na hanawa
Yoshta, kamar currants, yana da sauƙin lalacewa ta hanyar tsatsa da septoria. Mites, butterflies, aphids, aphids da glaziers suna farin cikin yanke shawara akan sa. Ilasa da tsire-tsire za a iya hana ta fungicides (alal misali, sulphate jan karfe).
Mai jan tsami
Tun da daji ba ya fitar da harbe-harbe da yawa, ana kafa 'ya'yan itatuwa a kan gamammen bara. Ya kamata a yi shukar shuki a matsayin matakan kariya a cikin bazara kafin harbe su bayyana ko a cikin kaka bayan girbi. Ya fashe da rassan marassa lafiya, har ma da wadanda suka kara da daji, ya kamata a cire su.
Kula! Idan yoshta asashe don yin kwalliyar shimfidar wuri, to za a iya aiwatar da kayan kwalliya, bisa ga tunaninsu.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
Bayan an girbe, an shirya shuka don hunturu - an cire rassa da yawa, lalatattun kuma an kera pagons. Ana yin gajeren harbe, suna taɓa ƙasa. Bayan pruning, an bai wa bushes manyan miya.
Mai jan tsami
Kiwo
Lokacin da ya zama dole don yaduwar yoshta, zaku iya amfani da hanyoyi da yawa: rarraba daji, rarrabe harbe da itace.
Tsarin tsutsa tsintsiya yana komawa zuwa idan shuka ya tsufa ko yana buƙatar sake dasa shi. Sannan rhizome na daji da aka haƙa ya kasu kashi biyu, ana bi da shi ta hanyar maganin manganese kuma a shuka.
Yankan
An yi wannan man ta amfani da kore ko gefuna da aka raba. A cikin farkon zane, an yanke sassan halittar apagons kuma an shuka su.
Tsawon tsintsin ya zama bai wuce cm 20 ba. Theasar da ke zagaye da sassan jikinta tana da ƙanshi kuma tana shayar lokaci-lokaci.
Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa
Yaduwa da shuka ta hanyar farashi mai sauki ne. A lokacin bazara, ana tura tarar yoshta zuwa ƙasa, a dage farawa a cikin ɓoye tare da binne ƙasa. A cikin kaka, an yanke itace daga daji, an haƙa shi kuma an dasa shi a wani yanki.
Shiri
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Joshta, kamar iyayenta, ya lalace:
- powdery mildew;
- anthracosis;
- cercosporosis;
- Septoria
- tsatsa
Mahimmanci! An zaɓi Fungicides don lura da cututtuka, kuma an yi ban ruwa bushes tare da kwari don sarrafa kwari.
Cutar
Godiya ga ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi don kula da matasan na currants da gooseberries, kazalika da dandano na musamman na 'ya'yan itãcensa, ana iya ƙara samun shi a cikin ɗakunan rani kusa da lambu. Kodayake ba duk nau'in yoshta suna da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa ba, tsire-tsire zai kasance a kowane yanayi ya zama ado mai ban sha'awa na shafin.
