Magunguna na Amurka: TOP 7

A duniya akwai kimanin nau'o'in daban-daban na shanu (shanu). Domin manoma su hadu da tsammaninsu game da samfurin dabba da kuma daidaitawa zuwa yanayi, suna bukatar gano dabi'un kowane jinsin da halayensa. A wannan yanayin, yana da sha'awa a san abin da shanu na shanu sun fi shahara da kuma buƙata a cikin wannan babbar ƙasa kamar Amurka.

Amfani da naman sa da madara mai madara a Amurka

Daya daga cikin manyan masu amfani da naman sa da kiwo a duniya shine Amurka. Mafi yawan kamfanonin samar da madarar raya suna cikin yankunan yammacin kasar. Suna samar da kowace shekara fiye da 6.9% na kayan kiwo daga yawan samar da duniya, wanda shine nau'i na madara miliyan 750.

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, jihar ta ga rage yawan amfanin mai da ake amfani da ita a kimanin kashi 22 cikin 100 idan aka kwatanta da lambobin. Bukatar samfurori na fadowa - a mafi yawan lokuta saboda mabukaci amfani da sauran abubuwan sha.

Saboda haka, bisa ga masana, har zuwa 2020, tallace-tallace na kayan kiwo na iya fada da kashi 11%, wanda shine dala biliyan 15.9. A lokaci guda, akwai bukatar da ake kira "kayan lambu madara" a cikin Amurka. Har zuwa yau, yawan tallace-tallace na irin wannan abin sha shine dala biliyan 2.

Amma ga naman sa, amfani da shi daga shekarar 2005 zuwa 2014 ya rage ta kashi 19%. A cewar CattleFax, kamfani mai zaman kanta, a shekara ta 2015 akwai kimanin kilogiram 25 na nama da mabukaci, yayin da a 2005 wannan adadi ya kai kilogiram 30. An annabta cewa a ƙarshen shekara ta 2018, amfani da naman sa nama zai kara zuwa 26 kg kowace mutum. Hakanan samar da naman sa ga dukan shekaru ya kasance barga. Bukatun duniya na nama daga Amurka yana girma, kuma yawancin kayan samarwa suna fitar da su.

Binciki jerin nau'o'in shanu guda 7 masu shayar daji.

Waɗanne irin shanu suna shahara a Amurka?

Dukkanin shanu za a iya raba kashi uku: kiwo, nama da nama da kiwo. Ma'aikata na kowane nau'in bambanta a cikin sigogi, na waje, alamu na yawan aiki, da dai sauransu. A Amurka, yawancin nau'o'in pedigreeds sun zama mafi mashahuri.

Ayrshire

Ashrair Ayrshire yana nufin dabbobin daji. Wannan jinsin an bred a XVIII, Scotland, Ayr County. A matsayin tushen asalin dabbobi na Ishir, akwai shanu da bijimai na asali na gida, a cikin nau'o'in su suka zub da jini na dangin Dutch da Alderney. Yaran ya karbi mukaminsa a 1862. Bayanin waje Ayurhire shanu suna da:

• Tsarin Mulki, Tsarin Mulki;
• Koma baya;
• Ƙananan gabar jiki;
• Matsakaici mai girman kai, wanda ƙananan ƙaho ne.

Ƙara koyo game da irin Ayrshire irin shanu.

Girmar gashi maras kyau da mai kyau yana da kyakkyawan launi, inda yatsun launin ja-launin suna tsaye a waje. Tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 125 cm, nauyin dabbobi ya kai: mata - 480 kg, bijimai - 700-800 kg.

Sakamakon halaye Abubuwan da aka ba da gandun daji ba su da yawa kawai ba, amma kuma suna da matukar haɓaka saboda ƙananan yawan kwayoyin nono, abun haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka da mai kyau mai ciki. Yawan nama shine mai gamsarwa.

1. Yawancin shekara Asiyan Ayrshire zai iya samar da nauyin kilo 5,000 na madara a kowace shekara.
2. Milk Fat Ya bambanta daga 4% zuwa 4.3%, nauyin haɓaka yana bambanta daga 3.3% zuwa 3.5%.
3. Maturation na mata m sauri. Bayan shekaru 1.5, za'a iya kwashe su. Ana haifa da shanu da nauyin nau'in kilo 25-30, amma suna samun nauyin da sauri kuma zai iya kara yawan nau'i mai nauyin nauyin su ta hanyar kashi 10 a cikin shekara daya.
4. Kashe fita nama - kimanin kashi 50%.

Holstein (Holstein-Friesian)

Shugaban a cikin shahararrun Amurka shine kabilar Holstein, wanda aka dasa a arewacin kasar. Tsohonsa tsohuwar shanu ne da fari, wanda ya fara fitowa a kasashen Turai kuma an kawo su Amurka a tsakiyar karni na XIX.

Kara karantawa game da nau'in shanu na Holstein.

Mun gode da shekaru masu yawa na aikin masu shayarwa kan inganta yanayin, inda suka lura da halayen kyawawan halaye, an gina sabon shanu da ake kira Holstein ko Holstein Frisian.

Bayanin waje Yana da sauƙi in gane maras saniya na Holstein, tun da yake yana da siffofin halayen waje na al'ada:

• akwati yana da siffar nau'in nau'i-nau'i;
• black da motley launi;
• kafadu da karfi;
• Yawan yana da girma amma ba sagging, tare da cike da ci gaba.

Nauyin mace mai girma ya kai kimanin 600-700 kg, namiji - 900-1000 kg. A tsawo a withers ne: mata 145-150 cm, sa - 160 cm. Sakamakon halaye

Masanan 'yan kallo na Holstein sun dogara sosai akan kulawa, kiyayewa, abinci da yanayin damuwa:

1. Yawancin shekara A matsakaita, mace zai iya samarwa a kowace shekara daga 6500 zuwa 9000 kilogiram na madara, duk da haka, ta hanyar samar da yanayi mai dadi don kiyayewa, da kuma tabbatar da inganci mai kyau, daidaitaccen bitamin da kuma ma'adanai, za ku iya cimma yawan amfanin gona na madara na 10,000 kg
2. Milk Fat Burenka shine 3-3.6%, kuma abun cikin gina jiki shine 3-3.2%.
3. Kashe nama. Kogin Holstein sune mafi girma a tsakanin wakilan kiwo. Maza maza zasu iya kai nauyin kilo 1250, kuma mata, a cikin kyakkyawan yanayin, zasu iya kai har zuwa kilogiram 1000. Bugu da kari, yawan amfanin da aka yanka na naman sa shine 52-56%. Naman iri yana da kyau.

Shin kuna sani? Shugaban duniya a samar da madara a kowace shekara ya zama ainihin saniya na nau'in dutse. A shekara ta 1983, tsawon kwanaki 305, mun sami damar ciyar da kilogram 25,000 na madara. Idan aka ba da madara, madarar abu mai yawa ya kasance ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ya kasance 2.8%.

Dutch

Wadannan shanu, duk da sunayensu, sune Amurka ta karu daga U. Cheney fiye da shekaru uku da suka wuce. Siffar da suke bayarwa shine launin baƙar fata da launi tare da ratsan raƙuman da ke bayan bayanan kafada da kuma a gaban macklock.

Bayanin waje Ma'aikatar saniya ta Norway tana da:

• babban bushe tare da ƙaho mai tsawo;
• m jiki;
• tsarin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta;
• jiki na daidai rabbai;
• manyan kafadu da manyan salam.

Matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin sa zai kai 900 kg, shanu - 550 kg. An haifi maraƙi da matsakaicin nauyin kilo 35-40. Tsayin da ake yi a bushe yana da 132.5 cm, a sacrum - 132.4 cm.

Yana da muhimmanci! Yawan shanu na Nasara sun damu sosai game da abun ciki da cin abinci, saboda haka rashin daidaito na yanayi zai iya rinjayar yawancin dabba.

Ma'aikata na Yaren mutanen Holland sun iya fariya da kyau yawan amfanin gona madaidaicin shekara-shekara da alamun nama:

1. Yawancin shekara A matsakaita - daga 4,000 zuwa 5,500 kilogiram na madara.
2. Milk Fat kuma damar gina jiki daidai da 38-4.1% da 3.3-3.5% bi da bi.
3. Precocity farkon A karo na farko zubar da mace yana faruwa a shekaru 14-18.
4. Kashe nama - cikin 52-60%.

Galloway

Dabbobin Gallowian sune irin naman. Sun kasance sun fi dacewa a yankunan Arewa da kudancin Amurka. Haihuwar Gallowayers ita ce lardin Scotland na Galloway, inda a cikin karni na 18 ya fara farawa da sabon nau'in nama.

Zai zama mai ban sha'awa a gare ka ka karanta game da nauyin dabbar da take da ita da kuma nauyin nauyin nauyi, da kuma yadda za'a gano nauyin dabba ba tare da ma'auni ba.

Kusa da karni na XIX, an kawo dabbobin zuwa Kanada da Amurka, inda aikin aiki ya fara inganta nau'in kuma ya haifar da babban garken dabbobi na Gallouvean.

Bayanin waje

A yau, wakilai na wannan jinsin za a iya bambanta da su:

• m curly baki launi gashi tare da m farin "bel";
• kasusuwa mai karfi;
• elongated torso;
• a takaice m shugaban a kan wani m kananan wuyansa;
• rashi horns.

Naman dabbar Gallowian mai taushi, mai daɗi, yana da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi kuma ya ƙunshi babban adadin abubuwan gina jiki mai mahimmanci.

1. Yawancin shekara An yi amfani da man fetur a cikin dabbobi, ba tare da talauci ba, har shekara guda saniya bai bada fiye da kilo 1500 na madara ba.
2. Milk Fat yana da girma da kuma daidai 4%. Hanyoyin sunadarin sunada daga 3.6% zuwa 4%.
3. Rubening mata a matsakaici kuma ya fara a watanni 33.
4. Kashe nama. Ƙara yawan nauyin rayuwa, wanda ya dogara da ciyarwa da yanayin tsarewa, ya bambanta daga 800 g zuwa 1.1 kg. A daidai wannan lokacin, a cikin watanni 15, yawan bijimai daidai da 400-430 kg, yawan amfanin gona ya kai kashi 58-62%.

Jersey

Wani nau'in nau'in shanu da kiwo a ciki shi ne Jersey, wanda ake haifar da 'yan adam ga masu shayarwa. Sunan dabbobi da aka samu daga sunan tsibirin Jersey, wanda ke cikin Turanci Channel.

Muna ba ku shawara don ƙarin koyo game da Jersey irin shanu.

A farkon shekarun dabbobi, hukumomin gida sun hana su fitar da su domin su guje wa wasu dabbobin da kuma adana su mai tsabta. A cikin al'ummomin noma, an kwatanta nau'in ne kawai a 1872. Bayanin waje

Ayyukan rarrabe na Jersey irin su ne:

• wani dogon lokaci, maimakon jiki mai tsaka-tsakin da aka dawo da baya;
• Ƙaramin matsakaicin matsakaici;
• ƙananan wuyansa tare da mahara folds;
• babban, kofin-dimbin yawa nono;
• launin dabba shine ja ko launin ruwan duhu, sau da yawa akan ƙananan jiki zai iya maye gurbinsu da aibobi masu launin fata.

Girma a cikin bushewa da kayan fasaha yana da kimanin 120 cm. Nauyin nauyin shanu na nauyin ya bambanta daga 600 zuwa 750 kg, na mata - 400-450 kg.

Muna bada shawara akan karatu game da kayan aiki masu amfani da makamashi suna da kyau ga shanu.

Sakamakon halaye

Tare da samfurinta, Jersey Burenka zai iya faranta wa manoma manya mafi kyau:

1. Yawancin shekara A wannan shekara ta bada fiye da kilogiram 4,000 na madara, amma tare da kulawa mai kyau za ka iya samun kilo 11,000.
2. Milk Fat Mafi girma kuma a lokuta masu wuya akwai kasa da kashi 5%, nauyin haɓaka 5.5-6%, zai iya kai har zuwa 7%. Har ila yau kayayyakin sun ƙunshi babban adadin sunadarai.
3. Precocity Tsayi, a cikin shekaru na bana, saniya tana iya samar da 'ya'ya. A lokaci guda, an haifi maraƙi mai nauyin kilo 22-25 a lokacin calving.
4. Kashe nama quite low, wanda aka bayyana ta tsananin madaidaiciya fuskantarwa, kuma shi ne 50-54%.

Shorthorn

Yawan nau'in shanu sun sami suna saboda karamin ƙahofunsu - kalmomin nan "gajeren ƙahon" a Turanci suna kama da wannan. Yanayin haihuwa shine Ingila, inda aka bred a cikin karni na XVIII, sakamakon sakamakon ƙetare shanu da ƙananan tsohuwar ƙananan tsofaffin dabba da na awaki na kabilar Holland. Daga baya, dabbobi sun zauna a Amurka da Kanada.

Kara karantawa game da irin nauyin shanu.

Bayanin waje

Hanyoyi masu ban mamaki na waje na ƙirƙiri na Shorthorn sune:

• gwargwadon ganga, maimakon karfi, m, tare da ci gaba da musculature;
• kananan bushe kai;
• gajeren wuyansa wuyansa.
• karfi da gajeren wata gabar jiki;
• madaidaicin matsakaici;
• farin ulu mai laushi, wanda sau da yawa yana juyawa cikin sassan;
• Mafi yawan dabbobi suna da launi mai laushi, mai launi ja-motley, kuma zaka iya samun mutane masu launin fari da ja.

Tsawan shanu a ƙuƙwalwa shine 128-130 cm Nauyin nauyin bijimin ya bambanta tsakanin 700-950 kg, mata - 550-750 kg. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, nauyin dabbobi zai iya isa zuwa kilo 1300 da 800 kg, bi da bi.

Sakamakon halaye Tun da irin shine nau'in nama, ba zai iya faranta masa rai ba tare da halayen sa masu girma a madadin madara.

1. Yawancin shekara Matsakaicin ma'auni na shekara-shekara yana da kilo 2500-3000.
2. Milk Fat jeri daga 3.8% zuwa 3.9%.
3. Kashe nama Daga cikin wakilan da ke cikin rassan ya fi girma fiye da sauran nau'o'in, kuma yana da kusan 75-80%. A wannan yanayin, an haifa maraƙin ne da nauyin kilo 25-35, amma a cikin watanni 18 yana da nauyin kilo 600. Samun kowace rana shine kimanin 1-1.2 kg.

Yana da muhimmanci! Babban hasara na wannan nau'i shine rashin kashinta, wanda ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa yawan dabbobi sun ki yarda sosai a yau.

Schwycka

Ana shayar da shanu na kabilar Swiss, da nama da kiwo, da kayansu na musamman da daraja. Su asalin ƙasar su ne Alps a Suwitzilan, kuma dangidan dangin shanu ne da ke zaune a kasar shekaru da yawa. Domin inganta launi kuma inganta yawan aiki, masu shayarwa sun zaba manyan wakilan da suka bambanta da madara da madara masu nama. Dabbobi sun zo Amurka a karshen karni na karshe.

Shin kuna sani? Dabbobi Schwyzkie suna da hali marar kuskure. A mafi yawan lokuta ba su yarda ba don amfani don man fetur milking milking, amma fi son hannun mutum. Sun kuma ƙaunaci ƙauna da karamin magunguna na nono kafin milking.

Dabbobin Shvitskie sun bambanta da kyau sosai, girman kai. Suna da kyau kuma sun daidaita. Suna da:

• dogon elongated jiki;
• cike da tsokoki;
• manyan kafadu;
• wuyar wuyansa;
• matsakaicin matsakaicin bushe;
• babban maƙala tare da ɓangarori hudu da suka ci gaba.

Dabbobi suna da ƙwayoyi masu kyau kuma suna dage tsaye a kan ƙafãfunsu. Matar mace mai girma tana kimanin kilo 500-800, nau'in - kilo 1100.

Sakamakon halaye

Masu nuni da nama da madara suna a babban matakin:

1. Yawancin shekara Domin shekara daga mace za a iya samu daga 4,500 zuwa 10,000 kilogiram na madara.
2. Milk Fat a matsakaici, ta kai kimanin 4%, kuma nauyin gina jiki shine 3.2-3.6%.
3. Precocity na mata quite tsayi.
4. Kashe nama - kimanin 50-60% kuma ya dogara ne akan mutum, nauyi da kuma shekaru. A matsayinka na mai mulki, maraƙi yana kimanin 35-40 kg bayan haihuwa. Bayan shekara guda mai cin abinci mai tsanani, nauyinsa kusan kimanin kilo 250 ne. A watanni 18, nauyin dabba ya kai kimanin 350-370 kg. Lokacin da yawancin yawancin rana ya karu da 800-1000 g.

Shan shanu yana da amfani mai kyau, a gida da kuma ƙananan masana'antu, don haka manoma a cikin gida su kula da irin abubuwan da suka saba da takwarorinsu na kasashen waje.

Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa waɗannan dabbobi sun dace da yanayin daban-daban, ninka sosai kuma suna girma da sauri. Kuma zaka iya samun daga gare su ba kawai madara mai lafiya ba, amma kuma mai dadi, mai gina jiki, abincin nama.