Tsuntsaye mai tsada, nama mara kyau, m ƙanshi da m kayan 'ya'yan itace strawberry - wadannan halaye na strawberry cikakken bayanin sunan iri iri "Mai ban mamaki". Shin yana da daraja a saya wannan nau'i na berries a kan shafinku, munyi la'akari a wannan labarin.
Bambancin bayanin
A lokacin tarihin shekaru talatin, Strawberry "Shirye-shiryen" ya kafa kanta a matsayin nau'i mai girma da yawan amfanin ƙasa tare da ƙara ƙarfin hali ga sanyi da fari. Ganye yana da tushe sosai a kowace ƙasa kuma ya dace da sauri zuwa sababbin yanayi. Saboda haka, iri-iri yana girma duka a cikin greenhouses da cikin gadaje masu gada. A cewar masana, wannan nau'i ne na strawberries, wanda za a iya amfani dasu don masana'antu da dalilai masu son. Bugu da ƙari, wasu masu gida suna gudanar da girbi har ma a ƙarƙashin yanayin ɗakin da tukunya.
"Madaukaki" ya gaji mai yawa daga iyaye iri - '' Holiday '' da '' bikin '. Outwardly, yana da tsayi, ba sprawling, wani daji na m siffan da karfi madaidaiciya-girma harbe, babban wrinkled m foliage da tsawon mustaches na matsakaici kauri. Wani babban amfani da iri-iri shine cewa yawancin flower stalks suna samuwa a matakin foliage. Da yawa-flowered inflorescences.
Shin kuna sani? Strawberry ba Berry bane, amma kwaya. Gaskiyar ita ce, 'ya'yan itatuwa na hakika' ya'yan itatuwa ne masu launin rawaya da suke samuwa a saman wani babban shunin ja.
Bisa ga masana'antun da suka fi dacewa, masu amfani da wannan nau'in sune:
- farkon Bloom;
- sanyi juriya;
- rashin jin dadi ga yanayin girma;
- juriya na kowa cututtuka strawberry (m mold, virticillosis);
- kyau strawberry transportability;
- versatility (berries za a iya amfani raw, daskararre ko gwangwani).
Muna bada shawara mu koyi yadda za mu shuka shuki a cikin bazara da kaka.
A wani wuri daji ba zai iya girma fiye da shekaru 4 ba. Har ila yau, injin yana da kyau ga tsabtace gizo-gizo. Alamomin purple blotch na iya bayyana a jikin bishiyoyin da aka wrinkled a spring da kaka. Saboda haka, na yau da kullum dubawa na bushes ga alamun kwari da cuta bayyanar cututtuka ba zai tsoma baki.
Ga ƙuntatawar da dama, yawanci suna bashi da kwarewa sosai. Idan wannan ba ya tsangwama ba, "Mai banmamaki" yayi jaruntaka duk abin da ke kewaye.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin gidan cin abinci na New Orleans '' '' 'Arnaud's' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''. Ya haɗa da 'ya'yan itace sabo, cream, Mint, da zoben lu'u-lu'u 5 carat..
Halaye na berries da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa
Bisa ga nau'ikan iri, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da alaƙa da wani nau'i mai siffar elongated mai tsinkaye tare da zane-zane. Sau da yawa, saboda wannan ingancin, an kira su "yatsa". Yana da halayyar cewa a tsarin ciyawa, ba tare da yanayin yanayi, yanayin hawan dutse ko yanayin ƙasa ba, berries za su canza canjin su. Sau da yawa sun kasance masu sassaucin ra'ayi, masu sassauci, masu saɓo, mai siffa-siffofi da kuma maras kyau.
Na farko 'ya'yan itatuwa sukan bambanta da nauyi. Sun yi girma fiye da na gaba. Kowane berry yayi nauyi a cikin iyakar 17-25 grams, da wuya Kattai (har zuwa 35 grams). Kwanan kuɗin kuɗi sun yi yawa.
Kuna iya sha'awar irin nauyin strawberry kamar: "Marmalade", "Darlelekt", "Vicoda", "Florence", "Bereginya", "Alba", "Albion", "Sarauniya Elizabeth II", "Malvina", "Albion" , "Asia", "Gigantella", "Ubangiji".
Externally, strawberries ne na al'ada ja a cikin launi tare da rawaya matsakaici-kwance tsaba na sãɓãwar launukansa kauri. Naman jiki mai yawa ne, amma m. A cikin Berry babu wani wuri mara kyau da ƙananan filaye na tsakiya. Fata ne na roba, wanda ya sa 'ya'yan itatuwa su dace da dogon lokaci. Suna dandano mai dadi ko mai ban sha'awa (dangane da yanayin haske).
Video: Description of strawberries iri "Wondrous"
"Madaukakin Sarki" yana da lahani mai kyau. Domin kakar, kowane daji yana ba har zuwa 1 kilogram na amfanin gona. Ko da a yankuna da yanayin sanyi, har zuwa 1.2 kilogiram na berries za a iya girbe daga kowace shuka tare da taimakon aikin gona mai zurfi. A cewar manoma, kimanin iri-iri sunyi da kanta a kan sikelin masana'antu, tun da yawan amfanin gona a kowace hectare yana da kimanin 149.2 tsakiya.
Shin kuna sani? An ƙaddamar da babban hatsi a 1983 a Kent (Amurka). Wannan giant yana da nauyin kilo 231. Amma dandano na Berry yana da m da ruwa.
Agrotechnics na girma da kula da strawberries
Idan an bar gado mai gishiri ba tare da kulawa da kyau ba, to, kada ku ƙidaya yawan amfanin ƙasa. Domin berries suyi da alamar marketable, dandano mai kyau kuma suyi tasiri a cikin adadi mai mahimmanci, kana buƙatar yin ƙoƙari mai yawa. Yi la'akari da matakai abin da mai mallakar gidan ya kamata ya yi don yin amfani da shi.
Karanta kuma yadda aka ciyar da kayan lambu a cikin bazara da kaka; yadda za a magance shi a cikin bazara (lokacin flowering), bayan girbi, a cikin fall.
Zabi na seedlings
Siyar da kowane seedlings mafi kyau a cikin ɗakunan shan magani ko cibiyoyin kasuwanci na musamman. Wannan ita ce kadai hanyar da za ka iya tabbata cewa ka zama mai mallakar mai ciki na mahaifa.
Zai fi kyau sayan seedlings tare da budewa kuma rufe tushen tsarin daga May zuwa Yuli. Wadannan al'adun sun riga sun ci gaba da ƙarfafawa. Wadannan su ne mafi shuka, saboda a watan Agustan girbi na shekara mai zuwa zata fara. Har sai lokacin nan, daji zaiyi tushe kuma zai sami lokaci don daidaitawa da sabon yanayin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Domin kada su yi amfani da gadajen gadonsu tare da mite, sai su watsar da duk kaya. Ka tuna cewa wannan kwayar microscopic yana ɗauke da takalma da tufafi. An shawarci ma'aikata masu kwarewa, a matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi, don fara aiki a kan ƙananan dabbobi.
A cikin kaka, kana buƙatar saya kawai seedlings tare da tushen tushen tsarin.. A matsayinka na mulkin, suna da rahusa. Rashin haɓakar irin wannan tushen, bisa ga masana, shine rashin girbi a cikin shekara ta gaba. Don lambun lambun lambu ya rasa lokaci a cikin komai mara kyau.
Lokacin zabar kayan dasa kayan, kana buƙatar yin la'akari da yanayin sa ido. Ka tuna cewa strawberries suna da matukar damuwa ga cututtukan cututtuka da cututtuka, kazalika da kwari. Saboda haka, zabi kawai samfurori lafiya.
Idan kun kasance mai kula da mahimmanci, muna ba ku shawara ku koyi yadda za ku yi dala da kuma gado na tsaye don strawberries tare da hannuwan ku.
Sun bambanta:
- Tsarin ƙarfi, tsarin da aka haɓaka (tsawon 7 cm) ba tare da lalacewar injiniya da alamun rotting ba. A cikin tsire-tsire a cikin cassettes da kofuna, dole ne asalinsu su cika nauyin tukunyar. Zaka iya tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar cire tsire-tsire daga akwati ta hanyar kwalliya. Idan tukunya yana da kyau, dole ne a kafa shi waje.
- Hasken inuwa mai duhu mai launi, kazalika da tsabta mai tsabta ko tsabta.
- Kakakin mai girma (ba kasa da 70 mm) ba. Daga wannan alamar ya dogara da yawan amfanin gonar.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan spotting, kodadde foliage ko lalata na matasa ganye ne m on strawberry seedlings, da saya ya kamata a watsi. Waɗannan su ne alamun alamun rashin lafiya.
Yanayin tsarewa
Lambu na zamani sukan noma "iri-iri" iri-iri a cikin fili, greenhouses da greenhouses. Kadan sau da yawa - a cikin tunnels. Ma'anar namo ba bambanta ba ne daga daidaitattun.
Don iyakar tasiri, zabin wurin zama muhimmi. Bayan haka, strawberry yana da haɗari a cikin inuwa da m inuwa. Ga ita, mafi kyawun zaɓi shi ne yankunan da suke da kyau, daga ƙananan wurare, inda aka tattara iska mai sanyi da yawa mai laushi. A cikin yanayin mara kyau, injin yana da cututtukan cututtuka kuma ya mutu sau da yawa.
Yana da muhimmanci! A matsayin amfanin gona na tushen lambu na strawberries, duk amfanin gona na tushen, albasa, tafarnuwa, legumes da kuma kayan lambu suna da kyau. Mafi kyawun dankali da tumatir.
A cikin yankin da aka zaɓa, matakin ƙwayoyin ƙasa bazai zo kusa da ƙasa ba fiye da 70-80 cm. Yana da kyawawa cewa saukowa ba a fallasawa zuwa zane-zane da iska mai nisa.
Kasar gona da taki
Yana da mahimmanci don kulawa da matakin ƙasa da iskar shaka. Wannan al'ada ya fi son wuraren da ba su da kyau tare da ƙasa mai wadata. Masana masu kwarewa da manyan berries lokacin zabar wuri don dasa shuki "Mai ƙarfin zuciya" ya shawarce ka ka dubi girma amfanin gona.
Alal misali, clover farin yana nuna ƙasa mai ƙazanta. Kwayar daji da mai launi, da bambanci, shaida ne mai ban mamaki game da yawan nitrogen. Idan a nan gaba dabbar da ke tsiro da dutse, horsetail da doki mai doki, mai shi zai buƙaci ƙasa mai nauyi tare da peat.
Ko da ma'anar mãkirci ya kamata a hadu da takin gargajiya ko gurasa a cikin nauyin kilo 5-10 na kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta ta mita mita na yanki. Zai fi dacewa don gudanar da waɗannan ayyukan don watanni shida kafin sauka.
Idan shirin rushewa a aiwatar da shi a cikin bazara, kuma kasa a cikin fall ba'a shirya ba, Dole ne a dasa shuki a cikin kwanaki 14 bayan hadi. Har ila yau, 'yan bangare, wanda babban aikin su ne su gurfanar da su, bazai tsoma baki ba.
Kada ka manta bayan dasa shuki yankin tare da takin, bambaro ko ƙoshin peat. Wannan Layer ba zai bada izinin laka don ƙafe ba, wanda zai zama maɓalli ga yawan 'ya'yan itace.
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin damina, kayan aikin tausayi da shirye-shirye na bactericidal suna bada shawara don disinfecting strawberry bushes ("Alette", "Infinito", "Teldor", "Coronet").
Watering da danshi
A wannan batu, kana buƙatar mayar da hankali ga yanayin yanayi. Idan bazara ba ruwa, to, yawan watering zai kasance dacewa a cikin shekaru goma na bara na Afrilu. A watan Mayu, Yuni Yuli da Yuli sun shayar da su fiye da sau 3 a wata. A watan Agusta da Satumba - isa da sau 2. Anyi amfani da ruwan sanyi a ƙarshen lokacin da ake bukata (idan ƙasa ta bushe).
Ga kowane mita mita kana buƙatar zuba daga lita 10 zuwa 12 na ruwa, kuma a lokacin lokacin flowering akwai rabi 20-25. Rashin rashin ruwa yana da mahimmanci yayin da aka kafa ovary akan bishiyoyi. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a wannan lokaci don samar da gado tare da cikakken ruwa.
Muna bada shawara don fahimtar da kwarewa kan watering strawberries.
Yawancin lambu sun warware wannan matsala tare da taimakon tsire-tsire. Idan ba ku da irin wannan dama, kada ku yi amfani da ruwan sanyi lokacin da ake yin gyaran hannu da hannu. Ka ba ta damar da za ta daɗe kaɗan kuma ka dumi a kalla a cikin zafin jiki. Ya kamata a yi watering da safe.
A lokacin raguwar ruwa mai tsawo, masu sana'a sun shawarta su rufe gonar tare da filastik filastik.
A cewar lambu, strawberries na buƙatar ƙarin danshi a duk shekara. Don ba cutar da ita, ruwa da plantation, shiryar da wadannan dokokin:
- A lokacin bazara, watering yana dacewa, lokacin da ganye fara girma a kan bishiyoyi.
- Na farko makonni 2 ana bada shawarar da za a gudanar da shi ta hanyar watering 20 g na ammonium nitrate diluted a cikin guga na ruwa.
- Ana bada shawara a ninka yawan ruwan da aka zuba bayan da aka yi sanyi tare da dusar ƙanƙara, a lokacin lokacin fari da lokacin flowering.
- Tabbatar moisten da shuka lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa fara ripen.
- A cikin kaka, bayan girbi (idan babu ruwan sama), ya kamata a shayar da Berry sosai.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin garin Nemi a Italiya, an yi bikin bikin strawberries a kowace rani. A wannan biki, al'ada ne don cika nau'in vat (tare da nauyin kilogram dubu) tare da sabbin 'ya'yan itace, sannan kuma cika abubuwan da ke ciki tare da kyan zuma. Kowa zai iya dandana dandalin festive.
Abota da zafin jiki
An shayar da iri iri a ƙarƙashin yanayin Leningrad Fruit and Vegetable Station Testing da aka gwada a cikin matsanancin yanayi na tsakiyar Rasha. Botanists sun lura cewa ripening berries kusa da arewa na faruwa tare da wasu matsakaici da matsakaici-iri iri. Kuma a tsakiyar Ukraine, wadannan sharuɗɗa sun canja kusan makonni 2 da suka gabata.
Da iri-iri suna jituwa ga abin mamaki na yanayin nahiyar na duniya kuma zai ba da girbi mai kyau har ma a kan shafin yanar gizon bazara. A cikin yankin Moscow da yankin Leningrad, wannan nau'in jinsin yana da kyau. Har ila yau, zai iya tsayayya da ruwan fari mai tsawo.
Yana da amfani a san ko za a cike da strawberries.
Bisa ga masu shayarwa, don ci gaba da ci gaban strawberries, yawan zazzabi mai kyau shine + digiri 17-22. Tare da ragowar snowless, har ma da yanayin hunturu-hardy, alamar -12 ° C na da muhimmanci ga ci gaba da yin amfani da bushes. A wannan zafin jiki, haɓarsu ta fara. Yi la'akari da cewa ambaliya mai sanyi zai iya zama cutarwa: buds suna mutuwa a -3 ° C da pollen a -5 ° C.
Bisa ga irin 'ya'yan itace iri iri na farko, "Mai banmamaki", wajibi ne a rufe su a lokacin da suke gabatowa. Ga waɗannan dalilai ya dace ya yi amfani da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire. A cikin arewacin yankunan ba superfluous fim tunnels.
Yana da muhimmanci! A farkon kakar girma, ya kamata a ciyar da bishiyoyi tare da abubuwan dake dauke da nitrogen, da kuma lokacin da aka samu buds da ovaries - tare da microelements. Ya kamata a sanya muhimmancin girmamawa akan potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron.
Sake bugun da dasa
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa da ta fi dacewa ta kiwon kiwo strawberries "Mai banmamaki" ana aiwatar da shi tare da taimakon nau'i-nau'i, daga abin da aka samo rosettes. Lokacin da suka samo 6 ganye, za ka iya raba shuka daga iyaye daji. Ka lura da cewa matakai na farko na 2 daga masterbatch suna da ƙarfin gaske. Ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwa mai mahimmanci don cire lokaci dace.
Har ila yau, mutane da dama sun samu nasara wajen fadada al'ada ta rarraba wani daji wanda ya juya fiye da shekaru 4. Ana buƙatar digirinsa a spring ko kaka. Yana da mahimmanci cewa a lokacin da aka samu rabuwa, a kowanne bangare ya kasance wani yanki na ƙaho. Amma tun da "Mai banmamaki" ba kallon bane ba ne, babu abinda ake buƙatar irin abubuwan nan.
Muna ba da shawara ka karanta game da hanyoyin da ake dasawa da kuma girma strawberries: a ƙarƙashin sutura, a cikin wani gine-gine, bisa ga fasahar Dutch, hydroponics, daga tsaba.
Kuma ga masoya na gwaje-gwaje na botanical, hanyar haifuwa na iya zama daidai. An dauke shi mafi yawan ciwo da ba a koyaushe ba. Ana amfani dashi a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwajen don kiwon sababbin iri. Har ila yau, shine kawai zaɓi don yada nau'in iri iri iri.
Shin kuna sani? Strawberries ake kira "ƙauna berries". Wannan shi ne saboda binciken da masanin kimiyyar Ingilishi Patrick Holford ya gano, wanda ya gano zinc mai yawa a cikin abun da ke ciki. Wannan sifa ne wanda yake rinjayar janyo hankalin mata a maza da mata..
Dasa strawberry seedlings ne kamar haka:
- Yi hankali a duba tushen tsarin don lalacewa da rot. Idan ya cancanta, cire duk wani lahani kuma disinfect tare da rauni bayani na potassium permanganate.
- Rage tushen don dace da tsayin ƙasa.
- Tsoma tushen tsarin har tsawon sa'o'i a cikin wani bayani game da ci gaban bunkasa (Emistim da Kornevin).
- Yi rami mai zurfi don la'akari da girman rhizome kuma ku zuba shi da alheri tare da bayani na ammonium nitrate (lita 10 na ruwa a wasan kwaikwayo na abu).
- Ƙananan seedlings cikin rami. Yi lura da hanyoyi.
- Tare da rufe ƙasa mai kyau da tamp. Yi hankali: Tushen kada ya dubi kullun.
Tsakanin bishiyoyi ya ragu 30 centimeters. Ka tuna cewa yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba zai. Sabili da haka, shirya kan kowane mita mita fiye da 4, saboda wannan iri-iri yana halin karuwa.
Matsalar girma da shawarwari
Zabi da dasa shuki shuki daidai shine rabi hanyar zuwa nasara. A yayin da ake girma strawberries, manoma sukan fuskanci matsaloli masu yawa:
- Rashin ovary. Wannan yakan faru ne lokacin da tsire-tsire suke girma na dogon lokaci a wuri guda. Sannan safar ta shiga cikin jinsin weeds. Don hana wannan daga faruwa, kowane shekaru 4 samar da sevosmenu.
- Ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa kuma suna ƙananan girman. Wannan ci gaba zai yiwu a lokacin da ba a yi fure ba. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar ruwan sama mai tsawo. Sai ƙudan zuma da bumblebees kawai zasu iya ajiye ranar. Har ila yau, ya kamata ku la'akari da bambancin bambancin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban sha'awa.
- Strong saukowa thickening. Wannan wahalar ne saboda kara yawan ƙwayar fata a kan bishiyoyi. Matsalar za a iya magance ta ta hanyar cirewar rassan da ba dole ba.
- Fumfuna da ƙananan sassan launi. Bayyana ci gaba da cutar. Fitosporin ya zo wurin ceto. Tare da bayyanar taro, an bada shawara a gaba daya yanka kashi sama da ƙasa kuma ƙone shi.
- Gwaran shuke-shuke Nuna rashin isasshen ruwa.
Shin kuna sani? Wani mashahurin masaniyar juyin juya hali na Faransa da kuma mutumin da ke da kyan gani a kotu na Napoleon, Madam Talien, ta ɗauki wani abincin ruwa. Don ci gaba da ciwon fata ta ko da yaushe kuma yana haskakawa, ta yi amfani da kilo 10 na berries na kowane wanka.
Kwaro, cututtuka da kuma rigakafi
Za'a iya hukunta lafiyar wata shuka ta strawberry ta bayyanarta. Idan ƙananan bishiyoyi sun bushe, sun rasa turgor, sunyi ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa maras kyau, kana bukatar ka duba su nan da nan. Wataƙila a gonar ya zaba baƙi da ba a tsammani ba a cikin irin kwari mai cutarwa ko pathogens.
Dukkan strawberries suna kula da cututtuka masu zuwa:
- tushen rot;
- Fusarium;
- phytosporosis;
- Alamar rufewa;
- launin toka da baƙar fata;
- tabo;
- yankakken man fetur;
- Alamar shiga;
- xanthosis;
- septoria
Don kada su tsokana ci gaban su, yana da muhimmanci a kawar da sauri daga cikin gadaje don tabbatar da ingantacciyar watering da samun iska ga bushes. Tabbatar saukowa bai yi yawa ba. Ka sanya shi mulki: kowane kaka da kuma bazara don gudanar da maganin rigakafin shuka tare da shirye-shiryen fuka-fuka (Fitosporin, Skor, Maxim), jan karfe chloroxide ko cakuda. Za su zo wurin ceto a yanayin shari'ar.
Shin kuna sani? Akwai kusan ba sugars a cikin strawberry abun da ke ciki. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Hollywood ya yi amfani da Berry a matsayin tushen abincin.
Daga cikin kwari, ci gaban al'adu yana shawo kan:
- aphid;
- strawberry da gizo-gizo mites;
- weevils;
- caterpillars;
- Mayu ƙwara;
- slugs;
- strawberry leaf irin ƙwaro;
- tururuwa;
- nematodes.
Domin ant wanda ya zaba gonar dole ne ya shirya sayan magunguna masu guba. Amma yakin da tsuntsaye za a yi nasara tare da nasara, idan kun shimfiɗa raga mai kyau a kan rabin mita a kusa da kewaye da wannan makirci.
Don jin tsoro daga kwayar cutar, kada ka manta da maganin rigakafi a farkon kakar girma. A wannan yanayin magunguna zasu zo don taimakon ku: Aktara, Aktellik, da kuma Karbofos.
Ma'anar "Maɗaukaki" iri-iri daidai yake da sunansa, saboda akwai halaye masu kyau a cikin berries. Tare da ayyukan aikin noma masu gagarumin aiki, gonar za ta yi mamakin ku da girbi mai kyau na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi da dadi. Muna fatan mu labarin zai taimake ka cimma nasara a cikin namo of strawberries.
