Inabi suna ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin amfanin gona da mutum ya shuka. Mutane sun fara zama mai narkewa shekaru 6 da suka gabata. Don kwatantawa, an noma alkama shekaru 7 da suka gabata. A yau a duniya akwai nau'ikan innabi kusan dubu ashirin. Zabi daga irin wannan babban nau'in ba mai sauƙi bane, musamman idan kawai yanke shawara don fara viticulture. Saboda kayan aikinsa, Rusball yana da kyau kamar innabi na farko a shafin.
Tarihin asalin innabi na Rusbol
Yawancin lokaci, sabon nau'in innabi ana bred a cikin takamaiman cibiyar bincike. Wani lokacin sabbin nau'ikan ana kawo su ta hanyar masana girki da suka kware. Amma Rusball yana da asali na musamman na duniya. Wannan nau'in ya kasance sakamakon aikin haɗin gwiwa na NIIIViV (Bulgaria) da Y.I. Potapenko (Rasha). An samo kwallon ƙwallo sakamakon sakamakon tsallake wani hadadden Europeanan asalin Turai dan asalin Amurka na CB 12-375 tare da nau'ikan Haɓakawa. Marubutan da suka bambanta sune ƙungiyar masana kimiyya ta Rasha-Bulgaria: I.A. Kostrikin, L.A. Maistrenko, A.S. Skripnikova, I. Ivanov da V. Vylchev.
Halayen halayen innabi na Rusbol iri-iri
Rusbol shine farkon fari-hatsi mai amfani da nuta ofan inabin-da-hanji. Lokacin girma shine kwanakin 115-125. Furannin fure ne masu biyun. Rusball hidima a matsayin pollinator ga dukkan nau'in innabi waɗanda ke da lokaci iri ɗaya.
'Ya'yan itaciya masu launin amba-rawaya suna da dandano mai ɗanɗano musky. Yawan dandano na 'ya'yan inabi sabo maki 7.6, da busasshen raisins - 7.8. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai tsananin yawa. Berry na aji na huɗu na rashin shuka, shine, tare da manyan ƙoshin ƙwaya na tsaba 40-60 MG. Seedsa'idodin tsaba na Rusbol suna ba da ɗanɗano na musamman mai daɗin ɗanɗano ga raisins. Girman Berry ɗaya shine 3-4 g. Legsafun beranyen berry sune matsakaici. Abun sukari - 19-21%, acidity - 5-8 g / l. A fata na bakin ciki ne, dan kadan an san lokacin da zazzage inabi. Yawan nauyin bunch shine 400-600 g, wani lokacin har zuwa kilogiram 1.5. Yawancin lokaci farkon inflorescence a kan itacen inabi yana samun nauyi a ƙarshen har zuwa 1 kg, na biyu - kimanin 600 g, na uku - kimanin 400 g. Bunungiyar yana da matsakaici ko matsakaici matsakaici, dangane da shading. Guda ɗaya yana jefa 1.5-1.9 inabi. Abun hawa da shigowa da amfanin gona yayi matsakaita, ba a adana berries tsawon lokaci, amma saboda tsararren iri, da wuya ake girma da yawa don siyarwa.Wanda daji, lokacin da aka dasa shi cikin nasa, ya fara bada 'ya'ya a shekara ta biyu. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an yi su ne don amfanin sabo ko don bushewa.
A karkashin irin wannan hasken, babban ɓarna na Rusbol a bayyane yake a fili - tsaba masu laushi
Muscat inabi ana kiranta nau'in innabi tare da ɗanɗano musky daban. A yau, masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa wannan shine mafi tsohuwar rukuni na iri, kuma farkon innabi mafi gida shine kawai.
Daji yana da matsakaici-sized, cikakke ta hanyar yaduwar itace kuma yana da kyakkyawan jituwa tare da yawancin rootstocks. Juriya mai zafi -25С °. Ballan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ya kafa kanta a matsayin mara amfani iri iri.
Gallery: bayyanannen nau'in innabi Rusbol
- Farkon fure Rusbola: ƙarshen Afrilu
- Yawan nauyin kuɗin Rusbola sau da yawa ya wuce 1 kg
- Berries na Rusbola suna dauke da rudiments masu girma
- Gungu yana da matsakaici ko matsakaici a matsakaici
- Rusball babban pollinator ne
- Yawan nauyin Berry guda ɗaya shine 3-4 g
Rusbol yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa, wanda dole ne a tsara shi, in ba haka ba ga shuka komai zai ƙare cikin rushewa. Ba zai ɗauki nauyin amfanin gonar nasa da karya ba. Wajibi ne a cire harbe mai rauni don ta da ragowar harbe da zasu iya ɗaukar nauyin bunches masu yawa.
Bambancin Rusbol yana da matsakaiciyar juriya ga cututtukan fungal, gami da launin toka, milan fari da oidium.
Siffofin dasa shuki da nau'ikan iri na girma Rusbol
Mataki na farko kuma mafi mahimmancin itacen innabi shine zaɓi na kayan lafiya mai inganci da ingantaccen kayan shuka. Anan akwai wasu fasalulluka na ɗan hatsi wanda kuna buƙatar fara biyan kuɗi da farko:
- Tushen tsarin shine mafi mahimmancin alamun nuna ingancin seedling. Tushen ƙamshi alama ce tabbatacciyar alama cewa shuka ya rigaya ya mutu kuma ba zaku iya samun damar sake kwantawa ba. Tambayi mai siyarwar don cire saman Layer daga tushe guda tare da mai datti ko wuka. A karkashin laka yakamata kaga farin, nama mai rai.
- Dole ne mafarin ya kasance na roba. Yi ɗan ƙara tare da tsabar tsabar kuɗi ko ɗamara a kan haushi. A ƙarƙashin launin toka mai launin ruwan kasa ya kamata ku sami Layer na sel masu rai.
- Kodan ya zama na roba ga tabawa. Kuma, hakika, ma'aunin su bai kamata a fitar dashi ba.
Kafin fara dasa shuki, dole ne ka yanke shawara a kan wani wuri don gonar inabinsa. Inabi ba zai iya yin haƙuri game da gurɓatar da ƙasa ba da haɓakar acid, don haka bai kamata a dasa shi ba a wuraren da ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa yake kusa da farfajiya. Zaɓi wurin buɗewa, mai kyau sosai. Wannan zai rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta tare da cututtukan fungal waɗanda ke haɓaka da kyau a cikin gumi, dumin, iska mai taushi. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku iya dasa inabi a cikin wuri mai faɗi ba. Yana son haske mai haske daga bishiyoyi da kananan bishiyoyi kusa da shi.
Yanzu kuna buƙatar shirya ramuka saukowa. Ta tono ramuka tare da diamita na 30 cm da zurfin cm 45-60. Don dacewa, zaka iya amfani da dutsen ƙasa maimakon shebur. Haɗa ƙasa mai cirewa tare da humus da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1.
Tsarin dabarun dasa shuki na 'ya'yan itacen inabin Rusball
- A kasan ramin, zuba 10 cm na yumbu da aka faɗaɗa ko bulo mai karyayye. Irin wannan magudanar ruwa zai taimaka wajan magance matsanancin danshi a cikin kasar tare da samar da 'ya'yan injin da isasshen iska don fitar da tushen.
- Yayyafa 5 cm na malalewa a kan cakuda ƙasa cakuda.
- A hankali sanya seedling a cikin rami. Wurin yin allurar rigakafin dole ne ya zama a tsayin 1-1.5 cm sama da ƙasa. Cika rami tare da ƙasa kuma zubo da ruwa. Bucketaya daga cikin bulo (10 l) zai isa kawai.
- Bayan ƙasa ta yanke ƙasa, ƙara ƙarin ƙasa da tamp. Yanzu microparticles na kasar gona suna haɗe zuwa tushen gashin gashi, wanda ke ba da cikakken ingancin abinci mai gina jiki na ƙasa.
- Yayyafa seedling a saman tare da sako-sako da ƙasa, ya ɓoye shi gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin tarko.
Kula da Rusball a duk shekara
Rusball ne mai ban-capricious iri-iri, sabili da haka, da suka zama dole agro-fasaha matakan ne na gargajiya a yanayi: watering, weeding, mulching. Ruwa daji sau ɗaya kawai a mako, amma da yawa: aƙalla ɗaya guga na ruwa kowace shuka (10 l). Ka tuna inabi bai yi haƙuri da ruwa. Takin a cikin shekarar kamar haka:
- An gabatar da riguna na fari na farko a cikin bazara, kafin kumbura su yi fure. Kuna iya takin tare da cakuda mai zuwa: a cikin 10 l na ruwa, narke 20 g na superphosphate, 10 g na ammonium nitrate da 5 g na potassium gishiri. Irin wannan kashi zai isa daji guda.
- Har yanzu, ciyar da inabi tare da irin wannan cakuda kafin fure.
- Bayan berries sun saita, maimaita miya, amma yanzu ware ammonium nitrate daga cakuda abinci mai gina jiki. In ba haka ba, nitrogen zai tayar da tsire-tsire, kuma shuka ba zai sami ƙarfin haɓaka 'ya'yan itace ba.
- Bayan fruiting, inabi suna da amfani don ciyar da potassium. Wannan zai taimaka masa ya tsira lokacin hunturu. Don waɗannan dalilai, yi amfani da maganin potassium gishiri, wanda ya ƙunshi kimanin 40% na potassium. Narke 20 g na potassium gishiri a cikin 10 na ruwa. Wannan zai isa ya ciyar da shuka daya.
- Kowane shekaru uku a cikin kaka, kuna buƙatar takin gonar inabin da taki. Yada takin a ko'ina a doron kasa kuma ya tono ta akan tebur din shebur.
Bidiyo: Dama ingantaccen innabi
Daidaitawa na Rusbola a bunches
Ballan wasan ƙasa ana kiransa ƙyamar kansa. Getsaya daga cikin mutum yana jin abin da wannan shuka ba ya tunanin komai game da sakamakon sakamako yayin da ya yi laƙabi da inflorescences. Wannan yana haifar da cika nauyin daji tare da amfanin gona, wanda ke ƙaruwa lokacin da ake ɗorawa da itacen inabi da na inabin. Sabili da haka, lokacin da girma Rusbola, ya zama dole don sarrafa yawan harbe da gungu a kan daji.
Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar fahimtar yadda yawancin berries ke iya ciyar da shoot ɗaya. A matsakaici, yana da daraja ƙidaya cewa ganyayyaki 18-20 sun sami damar samar da isasshen adadin abubuwan gina jiki na kilogiram 0.5 na tumatir, wato, ɗaya na matsakaici na Rusbola.
Lokacin da daji ya shiga cikin fure, zai zama bayyananne a kan abin da harbe babu inflorescences kafa. Dole ne a rushe su ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba don ɓar da abubuwan gina jiki. Kuna buƙatar fashe harbe tare da diddige, yayin da shuka ba zai sami raunin da ya faru ba kuma rauni zai warkar da sauri.
Bayan 'ya'yan inabin sun lalace, bar mafi yawan gungu, cire ƙananan ƙasa mai ba da tabbaci. Yanzu ku duba sauran bunch din, an kuma bada shawarar a ɗan “yanke” shi, a cire ƙananan rassa.
Bidiyo: Normalization na inab
Kariyar Rusbol daga cututtukan fungal
Babban abokin gaba na Rusbol shine cututtukan fungal. Kwayoyin cuta na microscopic sune abubuwan da ke jawo mana asarar launin toka, fitsari da oidium. Barkewar wadannan cututtukan na faruwa lokacin da yanayi yayi ɗumi da laima na dogon lokaci. Akwai shirye-shiryen kashe-kashe da yawa don magance cututtukan fungal. Amma don hango ko hasashen abin da magani da yadda zai shafi wani nau'in innabi a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Sabili da haka, a yau, sulfate na tagulla shine mafi kyawun wakili na antifungal.
Ku ciyar da farkon innabi a cikin bazara kafin a buɗe buds. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar maganin 0.5% na sulfate jan karfe: narke 50 g na vitriol a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Maimaita magani a lokacin kaka, bayan faɗuwar ganye, amma yanzu yi amfani da ƙarin hanyar warwarewa: 3% mafita ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin matasa da kuma 5% mafita ga manya. Hakanan, 300 da 500 g na vitriol a lita 10 na ruwa.
Bidiyo: Yadda ake sarrafa inabi da jan karfe na tagulla
Reviews game da Rusball innabi iri-iri
Yana tasowa a shafina a cikin irin wannan wuri da rana kawai take gani daga 12 zuwa 18-00, amma ana yinsa a al'ada ... Yana farfadowa daga Satumba 1, amma matsalar ita ce, babu wani a cikin dangin da ya ci shi. Dole ne in ƙara shi a cikin wort zuwa Bianca da Crystal .. Na kiyaye shi kawai saboda tarin tarin zan jefa shi tuntuni.
myron//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2680&page=28
A wannan shekara Rusball bai ga ganye a bayan bunches ba, ya mamaye kanta sosai har ya fara lalacewa a baya ... a wannan shekara ban yi ƙarfin halin barin komai ba, ga alama a gare ni cewa duk abin da ba za a ja ba
Mihey//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2680&page=26
A wannan shekara, Rusball ya kasance nasara ga sakamakon dawowar lokacin bazara da zafi na biyu na bazara. An adana goge mai tsayi sama da mita 1.5. Gungu duk manya-manya ne, berries kuma ga Rusbola, babu ƙasusuwa. A cikin nau'in bushewa, wannan ba a bayyane ba, amma idan an saka shi a kasuwa, ya fi kyau ainun fiye da raisins na Turkiyya. Akwai amfanin gona, amma bai yi ciyawa ba, ya kiyaye ta har itacen inabi bai yi kitse ba.
yukra//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2680&page=25
Rusan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na yana girma a gefen gabas na gidan, bai taɓa yin rashin lafiya ba, bai taɓa samun mafaka ba, daga kowane nau'in, tushen abu ne mafi kyau. Ko da a bara, Abincin da ke kusa da girma yana da matukar illa ga oidium. Amma Rusball babu abin da. Samuwar hannun riga a karkashin kasa.
Petr Petrovich Nakonechny//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2680&page=25
Rusball yana da dukkan halaye masu mahimmanci don zama farkon innabi wanda kuka shuka akan rukunin yanar gizonku. Yana fitar da albarkatu da wuri, yana bada 'ya'ya sosai, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtuka. Abinda kawai yake jawowa shine tsaba masu amfani, amma yaya mahimmancin shi yake, kowa ya yanke shawara don kansa.
