Yanzu zane-zane daga takardun da aka yi da katako (zane-zane masu sana'a) ana amfani dashi a cikin ginin. Wannan abu ya sami cancanci shahara saboda sauƙi na shigarwa da kuma babban aikin. Ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da aikace-aikacensa shine ƙirƙirar fences. Yana da cikakkiyar damar yin wani abu na shinge, wato ƙofar, wanda za a tattauna a wannan littafin.
Abũbuwan amfãni daga ƙofar bene
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen gina gine-ginen ƙirar suna da amfani da kayan da kanta, wato:
- suna tsayayya da kayan aiki na kayan aiki sosai;
- da karfi, suna da haske;
- Abinda ke ciki na karfe da aka yi da murfin polymer yana kare kariya daga lalata, wanda ke tabbatar da tsawon rayuwarsu;
- Akwai iyakar launuka masu launuka;
- abu yana da kyau bayyanar;
- Kyakkyawan darajar kudi.
Shin kuna sani? An yi imanin cewa mai kirkirar takarda shine masanin injiniya Ingila Henry Robinson Palmer. An kirkiro wannan abu a cikin 20s na XIX karni.
Kashewa
Akwai nau'ikan iri daban-daban na wannan abu. Suna iya bambanta a cikin sigogi masu zuwa:
- ta hanyar rubutun gadi - trapezoid ko wavy;
- da tsawo daga cikin laifuka;
- da kauri daga cikin kayan (0.3 ... .1 mm);
- ta hanyar nauyin kariya - takarda na fata zai iya zama mai rufi tare da zinc ko alumino-zinc, maƙallan polymer na iya bambanta (plastisol, polyester, da dai sauransu);
- da nisa daga cikin bayanin martaba;
- da nisa daga takardar.
Muna ba da shawara ka karanta game da yadda za a yi shinge kanta daga sassan linzamin sakon, shtaketnik, gabions, da yadda za a yi tubali da wicker fences.
Tsararren zinc wani zaɓi ne mai rahusa, kuma almine mai zinc yana da karuwa a cikin wani yanayi mai rikitarwa, kamar iska ko iska ko ƙarancin mota. Zinc da aluminum sune wani ɓangare na alyumotsinka, an yi amfani da silicon a matsayin mai ɗaure. 
Game da gashin gashin polymer, kwayoyin polymer Plastizol na samar da ƙarfin ƙaruwa, kariya mai kyau daga scratches. Duk da haka, ƙarshe ya rasa launi, ya rushe ƙarƙashin rinjayar radiation ultraviolet kuma zai iya sha wahala daga canje-canje a cikin zazzabi.
Zai kasance da amfani a gare ka ka karanta game da kayan da suke da shinge, kuma waɗanne sune mafi kyau.
Yawanci yawanci shine rubutun polyester, wanda yake da kyauta daga duk waɗannan rashin amfani. Musanya PVDF (polydifluorionad), baya ga tabbatar da juriya na zanen gado don juriya na lalata, ya kasance da launi fiye da sauran kayan.
Shin kuna sani? Ƙofar mafi girma a duniya shine ƙofar gina gine-gine masu tasowa, wanda yake a cikin sararin samaniya a gare su. Kennedy NASA. Tsawonsu yana da mita 139. Yana daukan minti 45 don buɗe su.
Alamomin martabar suna alama kamar haka:
- "C" - bango, yawanci ƙasa da sauran nau'i, amma haske da ƙasa;
- "NS" - abubuwan da ke cikin duniya;
- "H" - Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfin hali mai ƙarfi, ba mai dacewa ga ƙofa.
- "MP" - sanadiyar duniya, sau da yawa ana amfani dashi don yin rufi da kayan ado.
Yi la'akari da wasu nau'ikan takardun shaida a cikin karin bayani:
- C8 profile yana da haɗin gwiwa. Yana da ƙasa da m idan aka kwatanta da wasu brands, amma cheap. Tsarin zai iya zama daga 0.5 zuwa 0.7 mm, jimlar nisa na takarda shine 1.2 m, tsawon ya bambanta daga 0.5 zuwa 12 m, tsawo mai tsawo 8 mm.
- C10 bayanin martaba yana da trapezoid corrugation. Ya kuma ba shi da ƙarfi. Tsarinta shine 0.4 ... 0.8 mm, duka nisa - 1.15 m, tsawon - daga 0.5 zuwa 12 m, tsawo mai tsawo 10 mm.
- C18 profile na iya zama nau'i biyu: ribbed da wavy. A cikin wannan akwati, an lakafta shi kamar C18 (kalaman). Tsarinsa shine 0.4 ... 0.8 mm, jimlar nisa daga takardar shine 1.023 m, tsawon ya bambanta daga 0.5 zuwa 12 m, tsawo tsawo shine 18 mm.
- Profile C21 an sanya siffar trapezoidal. Wannan alama ta fi karfi fiye da waɗanda aka bayyana a sama. Haske shi ne 0.4 ... 0.8 mm, duka nisa na takardar shine 1.051 m, tsawon 0.5 ... 12 m, tsawo - 21 mm.
Mun bada shawara don karanta yadda za a gina wani tsari don kafa harsashin shinge.
- Profile C44 Tana da alamar trapezoid kuma tana da karuwa da ƙwarewa da kuma iyawar tsayayya da nauyin kaya. Profile thickness - 0.5 ... 0.9 mm, duka nisa - 1.047 m, tsawon - 0.5 ... 13.5 m, tsawo - 44 mm.
- HC35 profile trapezoid, amma tare da wasu gefuna. Yana da mahimmanci. Yawan kauri ne 0.5 ... 0.9 mm, jimlar nisa daga takardar shine 1.06 m, tsawon ya bambanta daga 0.5 zuwa 12 m, haɗin profile yana da 35 mm.
Abubuwa
Domin aikin ƙofar zai buƙaci abubuwa masu zuwa:
- wani ƙwararren sana'a (a matsayin mulkin, iri iri ɗaya wanda aka sanya shinge);
- square tube don ginshiƙai goyon bayan, yawanci yin amfani da 80x80 mm tare da bango na 3 mm ko 100x100 mm tare da bango na 4 mm;
- madaidaicin tube ga frame, ta amfani da 40x20 mm ko 60x40 mm;
- don gadoji, zaka iya yin amfani da wannan bututu kamar fitila, ko zaka iya ɗaukar karamin sashe, alal misali, 20x20 mm;
- kusurwa (idan ya cancanta);
- screws ko rivets;
- sumunti;
- fenti da ma'adinan.
Iri ƙõfõfi
Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa iri-iri: yin motsi, zane-zane, zane-zane, garage, saukewa. Abinda aka fi sani dasu da sauyawa, waɗannan kayayyaki sun fi dacewa. Bayyana game da su a cikin daki-daki.
Gwaguwa
Irin wannan ƙofar yana da leaf ɗaya, wanda ba ya kunna bude, amma motsa zuwa gefe. Saboda haka, ana amfani da yankin na gidan sufi. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ƙofar za a iya zama mai faɗi sosai, har zuwa nisa na mita 12, wanda ya dace da iyakar tsawon wani takarda mai launi.
Wani amfani shine saukaka aiki a cikin lokacin hunturu, saboda a wannan lokacin na shekara ba lallai ba yakamata ya share snow kawai don iya buɗe kofa. 
Daga cikin rashin kuskuren za a iya lura da ƙaddamarwar ƙaddamarwa, da buƙatar sayan kayan aikin musamman don ƙungiyar waɗannan ƙananan ƙofofi, kuma kyakkyawan ƙimar gina wannan nau'i.
Kuna iya sha'awar karantawa game da yadda za a yi gado da hawan rufin, yadda za a yi rufin mansard, yadda za a rufe rufin da ondulin da tayal karfe, yadda za a shigar da viso a kan shirayi, yadda za a yi wani sashi a gida, da kuma yadda za a dumi ɗakin gida a waje.
Swing
Irin wannan ƙofar yana da kofofin biyu da ke buɗewa zuwa waje ko cikin cikin farfajiyar. An bayyana su da sauƙi na zane da tsada. Rashin haɓaka shi ne buƙatar buɗaɗɗen sash ɗin, kuma ya share yankin kusa da ƙofa daga dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu don ya iya bude su. 
Tsarin Ginin Ƙungiyar Gilajewa
Don yin irin wannan ƙananan ƙofofin zai buƙaci taimako na akalla mutum ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari ga abubuwan da ke sama, za ku buƙaci:
- gwanin jagora, wanda tsawonsa shine 1.6 nisa na budewa;
- zanen kwallun biyu tare da daidaitawa yana goyan bayan;
- biyu tarko don hana hanawa daga tsarin;
- walƙiya abin nadi, rage amo lokacin bude / rufe ƙofar;
- tashar 20 cm fadi da kayan aiki 10-14 mm domin tushe.
Gina da kayan aiki
A lokacin da zana zane, ana tsara lissafin siginan na musamman bisa ga ka'idoji masu zuwa:
- lafafen ƙofar kofa tare da kusurwar girman kan daidai yake da nisa na budewa da karuwar 1.6;
- da nisa na counterweight yana daidai da nisa na bude karu da 0.5;
- da nisa daga cikin rukunin yana daidaita da nisa daga cikin budewa da sau biyu a fadin ginshiƙai masu goyon bayan;
- Tsawon mafi kyau na ƙofar ya wuce tsawo na shinge ta 10 cm, amma bai wuce mita 2 ba.
Dangane da karɓar nauyin tsarin panel da counterweight, ana ƙidayar yawan masu tsalle. Dukkan lissafi na budewa, panel, counterweight, lintels da kuma ƙofar kofa suna nunawa akan zane.
Yana da muhimmanci! Nisa daga cikin budewa an ƙaddara bisa girman girman abin hawa wanda zai shiga ta ƙofar, da kuma shimfida zaman sulhu. Saboda haka, idan hanyar da ke kusa da ƙofar ta kunkuntar, to, yana da kyawawa don buɗe budewa.
Daga kayan aikin da za ku buƙaci:
- almakashi ga karfe;
- raƙuman lantarki;
- Bulgarian;
- na'ura mai walƙiya;
- bayonet spade (za a iya ƙara da gilashin haifa na dace diamita, shi ne mafi dace a gare su don yin rami don goyon baya);
- matakin;
- roulette dabaran
Alamar ginshiƙai
An bada shawarar yin amfani da bututu na karfe na matsayin nau'i na goyon baya, amma ana iya amfani da wasu abubuwa: tashar tashoshi, ginshiƙai masu shinge, sanduna na katako.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan zurfin rami a ƙarƙashin goyon baya baya wuce zurfin daskarewa na ƙasa, a cikin bazara za'a iya turawa daga ƙasa, kuma zai fada.Bidiyo: alamomin alamar shafi Don shigar da shafi na goyan baya, dole ne kuyi matakai masu zuwa:
- Gwada wani rami, zurfin wanda ya wuce zurfin ƙasa mai daskarewa (na tsakiya Rasha, kasar gona na iya daskare ta 1.0 ... 1.2 m).
- Ƙananan rami ya cika da cakuda yashi da rubutun, wani launi na baya-baya 15 ... 30 cm.
- Shigar da tallafin da aka shirya.
- Don haɓaka goyon baya, yin amfani da matsayi na tsaye na goyon baya tare da taimakon matakin, lokacin hardening na kankare shi ne akalla kwana uku.
Tabbatar da asusun
Don ƙirƙirar tushe ga kayan motsawa da gilashin jagora, kana buƙatar yin waɗannan ayyuka:
- Gwada rami na U. Tsawon rami yayi daidai da girman girman kan, da nisa da nisa na tashar, zurfin "crossbar" shine 50 cm, zurfin "kafafu" yana da 170 cm (a ƙarƙashin zurfin ginin ƙasa), nisa daga kafafu na 40 cm (zurfin ba a ƙayyade ba ). Ƙananan ramin yana rufe yashi, tsayin hawan yashi yana 10 cm.
- Yanke tashar a ƙarƙashin tsawon rami.
- Yanke shinge da weld zuwa tashar a cikin kafafu. Ƙarfafa wadannan "ƙafafu" ta hanyar wallafa ƙafafun ƙarfafawa.
- Ginin tashar da ƙarfafawa don a sauke zuwa cikin rami, dole ne a yi tashar tashar tare da farfajiya.
- Ramin don kankare, harsashin ya kama kusan mako guda.
Ƙara koyo game da yadda za a shigar da mai shayar da ruwa, tanki na septic, tsarin kwandishan, yadda za a yi fitila daga rijiyar, yadda za a gina ɗaki a cikin garage, yadda za a rabu da ruwa a cikin ginshiki, yadda ake yin haske ga gidan, da yadda za a yi katako da burgundy. da kuka.
Tsarin tsari
Hanyar yin ƙira shi ne kamar haka:
- Bisa ga zane, mai laƙabi ya saɗa bututun, an kwashe mahaɗin kayan aikin waje a wani kusurwa na 45 °.
- Ana tsabtace abubuwan da aka yanke da su, sun fara da kuma fentin.
- Welded waje frame.
- Tsarin ciki tare da masu tsallewa suna karyewa, kada a kasance mai shinge mai tsayi, ana amfani da bututu na cikin gida ciki tare da gajeren santimita kadan a kowace rabin centimita.
- Jagoran jagora an kulle shi zuwa ƙofar ƙofar.
Shigarwa na fure da ƙwararren sana'a
Don shigar da filayen kuma zafin shi tare da ƙwararren sana'a, dole ne ka yi matakai masu zuwa:
- Shigar da zane-zane a kan tushe (tashar), ya kamata a raba su zuwa matsakaicin iyaka daga juna. Ba za a iya ajiye nauyin goyon bayan ba a kai tsaye zuwa tushe, an shigar su a kan daidaitawar daidaitawa.
- Sanya lafafen kofa a kan abin da ke motsawa na ninkaya kuma duba matakin ƙaddamarwa.
- A cikin rashi hargitsi abin nadi bearings a karshe gyarawa.
- Daga gefen counterweight, shigar da wata tafiya.
- Daga kishiyar gefen don shigar da ƙarshen (goyan baya) abin nadi.
- Shigar da tarko (babba da ƙananan).
- Bincika aikin wasan kwaikwayon.
- Maƙallan sheathing, kamar yadda za a yi amfani da sutura ko rivets (za a iya yin ɗawainiyar kafin a shigar da firam).
Fitar da fitarwa
Ƙarin abubuwa suna aiki kamar kayan haɗi: ginshiƙan labulen ƙofar, kyamarori masu lurawa, tsarin ƙararrawa, hasken wuta, da sauransu. Dukkan wannan za'a iya saitawa a bayan bayan taron ƙofar.
Masana kimiyya da kuma shigarwa da ƙyama
Tsarin hanyoyi masu ƙuƙwalwa yana da sauƙi fiye da ƙananan ƙofofi, da dai sauransu, kuma fasaha na fasaha ya fi sauƙi. Yi la'akari da wannan tsari daki-daki. Daga kayan ban da wadanda aka jera a cikin sassan "Matakan," za ku buƙaci hinges, sash kulle, kusoshi ko kulle.
Dama da kayan aiki
A zane na ƙyamaren ƙofofi, da nisa da tsawo na masu rufewa, da daidaitattun siffar da girman girman abubuwa, da wuraren shigarwa na madaukai, ya kamata a nuna girman girman ginshiƙan tallafi. 
Yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade, la'akari da yanayin gida, inda ƙyama za su buɗe budewa ko a ciki. Ƙasa, tsakanin ƙasa da ƙananan ƙananan leaflets, rata (15-30 cm) ya kamata a ba shi don ƙofa don aiki a cikin hunturu.
Daga kayan aikin da kake buƙatar waɗannan:
- almakashi ga karfe;
- raƙuman lantarki;
- Bulgarian;
- na'ura mai walƙiya;
- spade (za'a iya maye gurbinsa tare da hawan gwal na diamita mai dacewa);
- matakin;
- roulette dabaran
Muna ba da shawara ka karanta game da yadda za a haƙa kwalliya, da yadda za a gyara ɗakin, da yadda za a cire fentin daga bangon, da wanka daga ɗakin, yadda za a kwantar da fuskar bangon waya, yadda za a kwantar da bango tare da launi, da kuma yadda za a tsabtace rufin.
Ƙayyade girman adadin baloli
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, nisa na budewa an ƙaddara bisa girman nisa motarka, kuma an ƙara mita daya zuwa wannan darajar. Sash ya kamata a rufe gaba, saboda wannan, girman girman su.
Yawancin lokaci nisa daga bude shine 4.5-5 mita. Idan hanyar da ke gaban gidan ya fi kusa da ita, yana da kyau a buɗe budewa, wannan zai sauƙaƙe isowa da tashi daga mota. Tsawon filayen yana yawanci mita 2-2.5.
Madauki
Don yin tayi, ana biyowa haka:
- Bisa ga zane, an yanke waƙoƙin buguwa. Ana bayar da shawarar daɗaɗɗen kayan aiki na waje don a yanke su a kusurwar 45 °.
- Ana tsaftace 'yan wasa na tsatsa.
- Tsarin yana welded kuma masu tsalle suna welded (giciye ko diagonal, dangane da zaba gini).
- Ana wanke tsabtace, an tsara tsarin da fentin.
Fitarwa na ginshiƙai
Kamar yadda kayan tallafi sukan yi amfani da ƙananan tubuna ko shaguna. Don shigar da shafi na goyon bayan, kana buƙatar yin ayyuka da yawa, wato:
- Nemi (ko rawar rami) rami, zurfin wanda ya wuce zurfin ƙasa daskarewa.
- Ƙananan ramin yana cike da cakuda yashi da rubutun, da kauri daga cikawa yana da 15-30 cm.
- Shigar da tallafin da aka shirya.
- Taimakon ƙarfe, sarrafawa da matsayi na matsakaicin matsayi tare da taimakon matakin. Lokacin ƙwanƙiri na kankare shine kimanin kwanaki uku.
Kafa madaukai
Don yin amfani da ƙofofi suna amfani da garage. Hanyar shigar da su kamar haka:
- Da farko, an yi amfani da madaukai zuwa ginshiƙai masu goyon baya, sa'an nan kuma zuwa gefen gefen filayen. Idan fatar ya yi yawa kuma mai nauyi, za ku buƙaci madaukai uku ta kowane fanni, a cikin lokuta na al'ada suna daukar nau'i biyu. Wannan ɓangare na madauki, wanda yake tare da fil, an haɗa shi zuwa goyon baya.
- Bayan daɗaɗɗen hinges a kan goyan baya, sun rataye ɗumbin da kuma gudanar da gwajin gwaji.
- Idan sakamakon gwajin ya tabbata, an tsabtace yankin weld, duk ƙasa da kuma fentin.
Shigarwa na shimfida sana'a
Rubutun da aka lakafta shi ne a haɗe da firam tare da sutura ko rivets, kuma zanen gado yana buƙatar gyarawa zuwa ga abubuwan da ke cikin kwakwalwar waje da kuma masu tsalle. 
Za a iya ɗaukarda azumi don a dace da launi na ƙofar. Idan ana so, za ka iya sash sash profiled a garesu. Aikin shigarwa zai buƙaci yanke a cikin zanen gado a ƙarƙashin madauki.
Fitar da fitarwa
Bayan an shigar da ƙofar, an shigar da kayan aiki. Wadannan sune, a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙananan ƙananan shafuka, ƙididdiga, ƙuƙumma (hinged, sama, mota). Bugu da ƙari, za ka iya shigar da abubuwa masu haske, kyamarori masu kulawa, alamu, da wani ɓangare na ɓoye na ɓaɓɓuka, yana rufe ƙuntataccen ƙofar don lokacin rashin snow.
Kamar yadda kake gani, shigarwa na ƙofar da aka ƙera a kansa - ainihin abin da ke faruwa. Tabbas, shigarwar ƙananan ƙofofi na iya zama aiki mai wuyar gaske ga mutumin da ba shi da kwarewa a fannonin gina, amma ƙofar kofa suna da sauƙi a zane da fasahar masana'antu. Shigar da zaɓin karkatarwa ba yawancin wahala bane, har ma don farawa.
Bayani daga cibiyar sadarwa
