Colchicum colchicum wata shuka ce daga dangin bulbous. A wani sunan, colchicum, kaka. Hakan ya faru ne da sunan yankin Georgia, inda fure take fitowa. A Rasha, ana ba shi suna - '' itatuwan kaka, gidajen-hunturu ', sunan Ingilishi kuma' 'tsirara ce' '. Yana girma cikin Turai da Asiya. Colchicum ba a sani ba kuma sananne ne a tsakanin masu noman fure.
Ofaya daga cikin tsoffin sanannin Helenanci yana ba da labarin cewa wata fure ta fito daga saukad da jini na jikin Prometheus Wani juzu'i ya ce colchicum ta taimaka wajen sake haduwa da allahn mahaifiyar Demeter da ɗiyarta Persephone.
Furen Colchicum - bayanin da fasali
Colchicum - tsire-tsire na herbaceous na wani ɗan gajeren rayuwar rayuwa. Waɗannan 'yan bulbous ne tare da manyan ganye masu kama da ɗigon jeji ko lily na kwari. A cikin makonni 2, furen ya kamu da furanni, to, colchicum ya mutu.
'Ya'yan itacen da aka tumɓuke a cikin hanyar akwati ana yin su ne a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa a lokaci guda tare da girma na fure, wanda ke da tsawon zuwa 25-30 cm. Yawancin farfaɗo suna haɓaka daga gare ta.
Babban nau'ikan da nau'ikan colchicum
Blooms a cikin bazara ko kaka tare da kyawawan furanni masu ban sha'awa na furanni dabam-daban da launuka masu ruwan hoda.
| Dubawa | Bayani / Girma, cm | Bar | Furanni, lokacin fure | |
| Ankara (Bieberstein) (Colchicum ancyrense, biebersteimi ko triphyllum) | Rare, farkon fure. Har zuwa takwas buds. Kowane yana cikin ganyayyaki uku. 10-15. | Ingantaccen lanceolate, girma a lokaci guda tare da furanni. Dry a ƙarshen fure. | Harafi. 10-12 days. | |
| Rawaya (Colchicum luteum) | Dankin ya yi kama da ciyawa, ɗan gajeren lokaci, buds tare da diamita na cm 3. Bayani na farko ya bayyana a 1874. | 15 | Green, lebur, girma a lokaci guda tare da furanni. | Rawaya. Maris-farkon Yuli. |
| Harshen Harshen (Colchicum hungaricum) | Dankin ya yi kama da ciyawa a kan ɗan gajeren ciyawa. An fara bayyana misalin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. | A farfajiya suna da yawa. Bayyana kuma bushe lokaci guda tare da buds. | Fari ko ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi tare da adon launin shuɗi mai duhu. Bambancin Velebit Star. Pink tare da stamens na zinariya. | |
| Mai son ruwa (Colchicum hydrophilum Siehe) | -8an wasa 4-8 an haɓaka a waje, furanni 2-3 cm tsayi. 10-12. | Lanceolate m siffan, girma a lokaci guda kamar yadda buds. | Pink, shuɗi, shunayya ko ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. | |
| An rufe shi (Colchicum fasciculare) | Furanni suna samar da bunch, girma lokaci guda tare da ganye bayan dusar ƙanƙara. 10-20. | Kodadde ruwan hoda ko fari. Maris-farkon Yuli. | ||
| Regel (Hannan kankara, Colchicum kesselringii) | Floweran karamin fure daga 1-2 cm zuwa 7-10 cm. Yana jure hunturu har zuwa -23 ° C. 5-10. | Lanceolate tare da zagaye mai zagaye, kunkuntar, tare da tsagi, ya sassaka tare da gefen. | Dusar ƙanƙara-fari tare da kwalliyar inuwa mai launi. Maris-Afrilu. | |
Halin kaka na Colchicum da nau'ikansa: masu girma da sauransu, iri
Autumn colchicides sun fi shahara a zamanin bazara. Yankunan da ke yaduwa ana alakan su zuwa mafi girma a tsakanin jinsunan Colchicum Magnificum.
| Dubawa | Bayani / Girma, cm | Tsinkaya cm | Bar | Furanni |
| Agaripa (ya bambanta) (Colchicum agrippinum) | Har zuwa 3 buds a kan sanduna ɗaya, 2 cm a diamita. 40. | Green, lanceolate, samar da igiyar ruwa tare da gefen. Bayyana a cikin bazara. | Harafi. Agusta-Satumba. | |
| Bornmüller (Colchicum haifmu) | Ya girma a cikin daji. An shigar da shi a cikin littafin Aljihu. Har zuwa furanni 6, diamita 8 cm. 12-15. | Haske kore, girma tare da furanni. | Pink mai ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi. Satumba-Oktoba. | |
| Manyan kwayoyi (kayan aikin tattarawa) | An san shi tun daga 1874, yawancin nau'ikan zamani sun fito daga gare ta. Har zuwa 3 buds a kan peduncle. 50. | Green, suna da tsawon 30 cm, bushe a watan Yuni. | Albeplenum. Terry, fari. | |
| Abubuwan kuskure. Violet tare da tsakiyar farin sautin. | ||||
| Shayar. 9-10 launin fure mai launin shuɗi. | ||||
| Firayim Minista. Ruwan hoda. | ||||
| Huxley. Yana canza launi daga ruwan hoda zuwa ceri. | ||||
| Byzantine (Colchicum byzantinum) | Wanda aka sani da shekara ta 1597. Ba na kowa bane. 12 buds suna girma akan kwan fitila ɗaya. | 20-60 | Sarari na 10-15 cm da tsawon 30 cm, lanceolate, girma a cikin bazara. | Fari ko shunayya. Agusta-Oktoba. |
| Cilician (Colchicum cilicicum) | Wanda aka sani da shekara ta 1571. A kan kwan fitila daya girma zuwa 25 buds. | Green, lanceolate, girma a cikin bazara. | Pink-violet tare da farin gindi. Satumba-Oktoba. | |
| Kochi (Colchicum kotschy) | Ya shahara ga mafi yawan kayan ado. Smallanana, da yawa buds. 5. | Gajeru | M ruddy. | |
| Kalamar (Colchicum variegatum) | A cikin ciyawar cikin duwatsu. Har zuwa 3 buds. 10-30. | Rage lanceolate mai launin launin ruwan hoda, wavy a gefuna. Zan iya creep. | Pink, ceri, shunayya, launin shuɗi. | |
| Autar (Colchicum autumnale) | Yanayin yana da yanayi. A wani kwan fitila da yawa buds girma. 37. | Shuka baya a cikin bazara, bushe a lokacin rani. | Lilac, fari, ruwan hoda mai haske. Makonni 3-4. | |
| Inuwa (Inuwa Colchicum) | Da wuri. 10-15. | Lanceolate, 15 cm tsayi tare da tsararren zagaye. | Violet ko kodadde ceri. Farkon Afrilu. | |
| Fomina (Colchicum Eformnii) | Ya girma a cikin daji. An shigar da shi a cikin littafin Aljihu. Kara tare da 7 buds. 20-30. | Inuwa mai haske mai haske tare da villi. | Violet, purple. Agusta-Oktoba. | |
Kocin waje na dasa shuki a bude
Zaɓi ƙasa mai-kyau, sako-sako, ƙasa mai haɗuwa. Yana son wurare masu laushi a tsakanin bishiyoyi ko bushes, wani lokacin sauka a rana mai yiwuwa ne. Matsayi ɗaya na iya ɗaukar shekaru 5-6. Yayinda suke girma, da yawa kwararan fitila-yara sun bayyana a cikin gida, to, fure ya zama ba tashin hankali sosai. A wannan lokacin, shuka yana buƙatar dasa.
Lokacin sauka
Ana dasa furanni a lokuta daban-daban. Don fure a cikin bazara, ana buƙatar dasa kaka, don kaka - rani, daga rabin na biyu na watan Agusta.
Ka'idojin dasa Colchicum
Ana shirya gado don dasawa a gaba. Isasa ta cika da guga na humus da yashi (1 guga / sq.m.), Superphosphate (100 g / sq.m.) Kuma an ƙara ash (1 l).
Kafin wannan, ana kwararan kwararan fitila da Maxim: 1 sachet na 4 ml, 2 l na ruwa. An shirya shirye-shiryen da aka shirya don sarrafa 2 kilogiram na kayan dasa.
An shuka ƙananan yara zuwa zurfin cm 6 - cm, babba-10 - cm cm ana zubar da yashi a ƙarƙashin kowane albasa. Suna nesa nesa daga 20-30 cm. Bayan dasa, an zubar da ciyawar da kyau tare da ruwa. Jirgin da ke girma daga corm, ya kamata ya tashi sama da saman, ba za a iya tsage shi ba.
Yayin aiki, yana da daraja a tuna cewa fure mai guba ne, kuna buƙatar kulawa dashi da kyau, kare hannayenku daga haɗarin ruwan 'ya'yan itace bazata.
Hanyoyin kiwo na Colchicum
Sanya fure ta amfani da kananan yara da tsaba.
Sake haifuwa ta yara
Mataki-mataki:
- Bayan bushewa ganye, tono kwararan fitila.
- Dry a cikin wata guda a cikin wani wuri mai rufewa, da ke samun iska.
- Share duk sauran tushen da ya ragu.
- A ranar 15-25 ga Agusta 15-25, dasa shi a cikin shimfin fure, yana ƙaruwa sau uku.
- Lokaci da aka dasa manyan kwararan fitila colchicum a farkon kakar.
Girma daga colchicum daga tsaba
Lokacin da kiwo tare da tsaba, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa wannan hanyar ba ta da matsala, saboda haka ba a da wuya a yi amfani da ita, galibi don kiwo na nau'ikan rare, musamman ma lokacin bazara-fure.
Shuka tsaba ne da za'ayi a bude ƙasa nan da nan bayan girbi. Pre-soaked a cikin mai saurin girma (Zircon ko Epin: 40 saukad da lita 1 na ruwa). Shuka tare da tsaba sayi, na farko stratification ne da za'ayi a cikin rigar nama a cikin firiji don da yawa kwana.
Harbe yayi tsiro ba tare da matsala ba, yana ɗaukar shekaru da yawa. Yana furewa ba da daɗewa ba, tare da kyakkyawan kulawa bayan shekaru 6-7.
Fasahar aikin gona ta sauko zuwa ga aiki a kan lokaci game da shuka, kiwo da kuma shayarwa.
Kulawar colchicum bayan dasa
Kula da furanni abu ne mai sauki. Yana da mahimmanci kula da danshi na ƙasa. Duk da tsananin hunturu, suna iya daskarewa a lokacin bazara mai sanyi, saboda haka yana da daraja mulching da kayan taimako: bushewar ganye, humus, takin har zuwa 10 cm tsayi.
Watse
Colchicum baya buƙatar shayarwa. A cikin bazara akwai isasshen danshi a cikin ƙasa, a lokacin rani ganyayyakinsa sun mutu a bushe. Tare da rashinsa a cikin kaka, ana shayar da shuka, ba ƙoƙarin taɓa dabbobi.
Manyan miya
Idan kasar gona lokacin dasa kwararan fitila an cika shi sosai, a nan gaba kawai ana bukatar miya miya. A karo na farko da suka ciyar da dusar kankara tare da nitonium nitrate (10 g / sq.m.). Na biyu saman miya a farkon Mayu ne da za'ayi tare da potassium sulfate (15 g / sq.).
Juyawa
Ana yin dasawar Colchicum sau 1 a cikin shekaru 2-5. Alamar shine raguwar furewar fure da sare su.
An shirya ƙasa a gaba a watan Yuni. Juyin halitta iri ɗaya ne da lokacin da ake dasa ƙananan yara.
Mafi kyawun kasar gona yana hadi, da mafi ingancin kwararan fitila da kuma fure ya fi kyau.
Bayan ganyayyaki sun bushe a ƙarshen Yuni, an haɗi furanni, ana jera su kuma an tsabtace sauran tushen. To cire haɗin kuma jiƙa a cikin mafita na potassiumgangan na minti 30. Dasa kayan yana bushe kuma an tsaftace shi don ajiya har sai disembarkation a watan Agusta a cikin ɗakunan da ke rufe da sanyi (zazzabi bai wuce +25 ° C ba).
Kwari da cututtuka na colchicum
A lokacin tsawan yanayi da ruwa, furanni na iya lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta, i.e. m rot shuke-shuke. Wani fashewar cutar kuma ana iya yiwuwa tare da yawan danshi a cikin fure ko tsayayyen ruwan karkashin kasa. Yawancin lokaci, ganye mai mutuwa sune farkon waɗanda ke wahala.
Don magance cutar, yi amfani da ɗayan magungunan masu zuwa, ƙara zuwa lita 10 na ruwa:
- Topaz 2 ml;
- Kabeji 50 ml;
- Zakaran 30 g.
Colchium na iya lalacewa ta hanyar slugs da katantanwa, masoya suna cin abinci a ganye. Don tsoratar da su, suna ƙara pebbles, ƙananan pebbles, egghells, needles ƙarƙashin tsirrai.
Yana da kyau a shirya kwantena tare da ruwa kusa da kewaye da tsire-tsire, wanda kuma zai kawo cikas ga motsin su.
Mr. mazaunin bazara ya ba da shawarar: kaddarorin magani na shuka
Ana amfani da Colchicum ba kawai kamar tsire-tsire mai fure ba, har ma a matsayin shuka na magani. Magungunan gargajiya na amfani dashi azaman maganin laxative da diuretic. Suna warke da jin zafi a cikin cututtuka na gout da rheumatism.
Dankin yana da guba, ya kamata a ɗauka tare da kulawa sosai.
A cikin magunguna na hukuma, ana amfani da allunan, maganin shafawa da tinctures don taimakawa tare da cutar kansa da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya.
Kyakkyawan shuka mai farantawa ido bayan dusar ƙanƙara. Tare da nasara, yana taimakawa wajen magance cututtuka masu rikitarwa. Ya kamata a dasa a gonar kuma a yi sha'awar bazara ko kaka.
