Hanyoyin da ake nunawa ga cututtuka a cikin ƙudan zuma kamar yadda yake a cikin wasu nau'in kwari. Yayin da aka tuntubi tsire-tsire a yayin tattara tarin pollen, tare da dabbobi, mutane ko kwari, "iyali" yana ƙaruwa da cututtuka. Rashin haɗari ga kudan zuma wata cuta ce ta ascospheresis, wanda ake kira "calcareous brood".
Menene ascospheresis na ƙudan zuma?
Ascospherosis wata cuta ce mai cututtukan zuma, kamar yadda Ascosphaera fungi ya tsokani.
A naman gwari Ascosphaera apis ne m. Ciyar da abubuwa masu gina jiki na drone brood, zai haifar da mutuwar larvae. Samun bambance-bambancen jima'i a cikin mycelium (vegetative filaments), naman gwari yana ninkawa asexually. Daidaitawa, ƙwayoyin vegetative na mycelium daban-daban jinsin suna samar da sporocysts dauke da spores. Kasashen wadannan nau'o'in suna da manyan kyawawan abubuwa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen yaduwa naman gwari. Har ila yau, jita-jitawar jinsin gajiyar ta taimaka wajen yanayin muhalli da nau'o'in sunadaran.
Shin kuna sani? Kudan zuma a kowace shekara zai iya girbi 150 kilogiram na zuma.
Samun hive tare da ƙudan zuma, kwakwalwan suna shiga farfajiya na larvae, inda suke girma a cikin zurfin jikinta, suna lalata kyallen takalma da gabobin. A sakamakon irin wannan ciwon, lakaran sun bushe da mummify, suna samar da babban taro na fari ko launin toka. Tare da shan kashi na larvae a cikin rufin da aka rufe, da naman gwari yayi ƙirar waje, yana fararen fata a kan murfin saƙar zuma.
Abincin noma shine daya daga cikin kayayyakin kiwon lafiya da na kariya da suka fi kwarewa a duniya, sun hada da ba kawai zuma ba, har ma da kakin zuma, pollen, propolis, zabrus, pergué, jelly madara, zuma zuma, kudan zuma propolis, homogenate, kudan zuma venom, royal jelly Milk da kudan zuma.Tare da yaduwar cutar a cikin yankin mallaka, mutuwar larvae ta zama sauƙin bayyane a kasa na hive, a lokacin isowa ko kusa da sanyawa.
Dalilin bayyanar da sharuɗɗa masu dacewa don cigaba
Duk da tsananin tsayayya da yanayin waje, jayayya na iya ci gaba ne kawai a cikin kwayar halitta mai rai. Sabili da haka, bayyanar sabbin litters a cikin bazara yana bada yanayi don yada naman gwari.
Dalilin ascospheresis shine:
- sanyi da kwanciyar hankali da yawa da abinci maras kyau, saboda sakamakon da yankunan kudan zuma suke da rauni kuma masu saukin kamuwa da cututtuka;
- Cutar da ake ci gaba dashi, sakamakon abin da ƙudan zuma ke rage rashin rigakafi da kuma jure cutar;
- yin amfani da maganin maganin rigakafi da kwayoyin halitta wajen yaki da wasu cututtuka, yana kuma rage yawan kwayoyin ƙudan zuma.
Amma ainihin mawuyacin yaduwar kamuwa da cuta shine sharuɗɗɗan sharuɗɗa waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen haifuwa da cigaban ɓarna. Waɗannan sharuɗɗa sun haɗa da:
- high zafi saboda raguwar ruwan sama;
- asibitoci suna cikin wurare masu tsabta kusa da jikin ruwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Duk da cewa kakar, yawan zazzabi a cikin hive ya zama 34 ° C. Rage cikin zafin jiki ta 2 ° C yana haifar da raunanawa na iyalin kudan zuma.
Bugu da ƙari, da yaduwar ƙwayar kamuwa da cuta a cikin hive ta ƙudan zuma, asalin ascospheresis zai iya zama:
- yin amfani da pollen gurbi ko zuma don ciyar da ƙudan zuma;
- amfani da kayan da aka gurbata don sarrafa wurin kusa da apiary;
- rashin gyaran kafa na asibiti.
Yi ado da irin wannan irin zuma kamar chestnut, buckwheat, acacia, acacia, kabewa, kankana, phacelia, linden, rapeseed, zuma dandelion da zuma daga sprouts.
Hakika cutar
Dangane da adadin mutuwar larvae, matakai guda uku na ascospherosis ya faru:
- Latent (ko latent) lokaci - matattu da mummified larvae ba a lura, amma maras kyau da kuma kananan ƙwayoyin kullun sun kasance a cikin hive. A wannan lokacin, saurin sauyawa na mata yana da halayyar, saboda sakamakon ci gaba da iyalansu ya rage.
- Yanayin albashin - wanda yake ci gaba da ci gaba da cutar, adadin wadanda suka mutu ba su wuce 10. Wannan lokaci yakan kasance a farkon lokacin bazara. Idan ba a sake dawowa ba a cikin mummunan cutar, ta tsakiyar tsakiyar lokacin rani, iyalan kudancin zasu sake samun aikin su.
- Lokacin muni - kamuwa da cuta yana ci gaba da hanzari, adadin mutuwar larvae fiye da 100. A lokaci guda, mutuwar brood shine 90-95%, wanda hakan yakan rage ƙarfin iyalan.
Latent da lokutturan lokaci sukan wuce ba tare da shigarwa ba. Wannan lokaci mai tsanani yana buƙatar gaggawa da kuma magancewa ta gaggawa.
Shin kuna sani? Kowane ɓoyayyen hijirar ya ƙunshi fiye da dubu 100 ƙurar ƙurar pollen.
Yadda za a gane: bayyanar cututtuka
A matakin farko na cutar, lokacin da babu wata alamar mummified brood, alamun cututtuka na kamuwa da cuta mai yaduwa zai iya zama raguwa a ayyukan iyali da rashin aiki. Har ila yau, kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta shine cewa brood seedlings kamuwa da ascospherosis a wannan mataki ya karu da girman kuma jiki ya zama cikakkiyar girman kwayoyin halitta. A lokaci guda kuma, brood yana samun launin rawaya kuma ya rufe shi da haske mai haske, da rarraba jikin jikin larvae smoothes da hankali, kuma jikin ya samo tsari mai tsabta. 
Yayinda yaduwar kamuwa da cuta, ƙwayoyin da ba a sanye su ba daga kwalliya ba za a iya gani ba a cikin hive ko kusa da wurin. Amma ga jaririn da aka rufe, girgiza saƙar zuma yana tare da ƙarar murya na kukan matattu waɗanda suka mutu a jikin ganuwar sel.
Hannun da ba a san su ba daga cikin zuma za su fada game da kamuwa da kamuwa da ascosferosis a cikin yankunan kudan zuma, wanda ke nuna cirewa daga cikin ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa daga ƙwaƙwalwar ƙudan zuma ta ƙudan zuma. Kwayoyin a lokaci guda suna da gefuna maras kyau.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tsarin abinci na yau da kullum a cikin hive yana ƙaruwa da ƙudan zuma daga ƙudan zuma kuma yana taimakawa wajen gina sabon saƙar zuma.
Jiyya da Rigakafin
Dangane da ƙimar kamuwa da cuta, za'a iya yin magani ta amfani da maganin rigakafi ko amfani da magunguna. Amma kafin yin magani ya kamata horarwa ta dace.
Gudanar da iyali a cikin sabon ɗaki
Abu na da muhimmanci da kuma mataki na farko a shirye-shirye don magance shi shine sake komawa yankunan kudan zuma ga sababbin asibiti. Sauya cikin mahaifa tare da bakarare za su taimaka wajen samar da cikakkiyar distillation a gaban brood a cikin tsohon hive. Bayan makonni 3, lokacin da za'a sake haifar da dukan tsuntsaye a matsayin kudan zuma, za ka iya ci gaba zuwa sake saitawa. Wajibi ne don samar da kayan motsi a yamma. An mayar da bishiyoyin da aka cutar, kuma an saka sababbin su a wurin su. Don sauƙaƙe aikin ƙudan zuma game da tsari na sabuwar hive, dole ne a yi amfani da kayan daji na wucin gadi, wanda shine salo na faranti da aka yi da beeswax mai tsabta tare da tsari wanda ya riga ya samo asali na kwayoyin da ke gaba.
Bincike abin da hanyoyi na kiwo sarauniya ƙudan zuma.Ku shiga ƙofar ("ƙofar" ga ƙudan zuma) an maye gurbinsu da wani gangway - wani takarda na plywood, wanda ke jagorantar ruwan a cikin ƙofar. Kwayoyin da ke dauke da kwayoyin cutar daga cikin tsohuwar hive suna girgizawa daga cikin gangway don su yantar da su daga ƙudan zuma, kuma fumigation na taba hayaki zai taimaka wajen jagorancin ruwa a cikin ƙofar. Cikar sabuwar hive tare da honeycombs da ƙudan zuma dole ne ya dace da cikar tsohuwar hive, kawai kadan ƙimar yawan ƙudan zuma ya yarda. Kudan zuma masu kwarewa sun bada shawara a maye gurbin mahaifa tare da samari kuma mafi girma lokacin da hawan ya gama.
Free daga cutar ƙudan zumaShin kuna sani? Wani mahaifa yana iya sa ƙwai fiye da 1,000 a kowace rana.
Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa sabuwar hive dole ne ya bushe da kuma haɓaka, ya ƙunshi kayan ado na sama kamar su zuma ko sugar syrup.
Bayan sake komawa tsohuwar hive yana da mahimmancin kuɓuta daga zuriyar dabbobi da matattu, waɗannan "sharar gida" dole ne a ƙone su. Sauran sauran saƙar zuma tare da sauran ƙwayoyin zuma, pollen da ƙwayoyin da aka sanyawa a cikin kwayoyin rufewa sun narke akan kakin zuma tare da kara amfani dasu don dalilai na fasaha. 
Mun shafe kudan zuma akan kakin zuma
Rashin ƙawancin asibiti da kaya
Sukan kamuwa da cutar, da kuma duk abin da aka yi amfani dashi a lokacin yunkurin (fumigator, gangway, da dai sauransu), dole ne a bi da su tare da duk wani magunguna. Irin wannan cututtuka na iya kunshi wanke wanka sau biyu da kaya tare da bayani na 10% hydrogen peroxide. Bayan irin wannan cututtuka, duk waɗanda ake bi da su ya kamata a wanke su da ruwa kuma a bushe su a cikin sararin sama, daga sabon apiary.
Ana amfani da kayan da aka yi amfani da su wajen sake komawa da kuma cututtuka ta hanyar yin amfani da shi a cikin wani bayani na soda ash na tsawon sa'o'i 1-3, sannan ta shafe da kuma bushewa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin da aka tara adadin tsuntsaye, an rage tsawon lokacin ƙudan zuma.
Magunguna
A cikin kwanciyar hankali da kuma lokaci na ci gaba da cutar, idan adadin wadanda suka kamu da kwayar cutar ba su riga ba tukuna, za'a iya warkewa ta hanyar amfani da maganin rigakafi. A cikin yaki da ascospherosis, waɗannan kwayoyi zasu taimaka:
- "Askotsin" - shirye-shiryen a cikin nau'i na emulsion da ake nufi don dissolving a sugar syrup da spraying uwa honeycombs ko ciyar ga ƙudan zuma. Harkokin warkewa zai faru bayan 2-3 jiyya tare da wani lokaci na 3-5 days.
- "Dikobin" - mayar da hankali ga shiri don kula da ƙudan zuma. An yi amfani dashi a matsayin mai aiki don maganin ruɗar zuma da kuma ganuwar amya. Harkokin warkewa ya faru a ranar 3-4th jiyya.
- "Unisan" - maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da aiki mai yawa, yana samuwa a cikin tsari mai mahimmanci don shiri na wani bayani. Sakamakon bayani na aiki yana sarrafa kwayoyin halitta da ƙudan zuma sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 5-7 har sai cikakkiyar ɓacewar alamun cutar.
- "Nystatin" - Anyi amfani da kwayoyin amfani da sarrafawa da kuma ciyar da ƙudan zuma. Don magani, an shayar da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin zuma ko sukari syrup tare da amfani sau uku kowace rana 3.
- "Polysot" - Amfanin gina jiki mai mahimmanci don dawo da ƙudan zuma ƙudan zuma da larvae. An yi amfani dashi don ciyar da su a cikin hanyar dafa abinci, shimfiɗa a kan tsefe.
Shin kuna sani? Ana buƙatar fiye da 100 g na zuma don ciyar da 1,000 broods.
Ayyukan mutane
Idan aka kwatanta da yin amfani da maganin rigakafi, maganin cututtukan fungal tare da hanyoyin mutane yana da matukar tasiri. Masu kudan zuma masu kwarewa a yaki da cutar sukanyi amfani da kayan aiki irin su yarrow, horsetail, celandine, tafarnuwa da kuma laka.
Yin amfani da yarrow da horsetail suna cikin wurin sanya su a cikin hive kafin tsire-tsire sun bushe, kuma dole ne a kunshe su a cikin jakar gauze. Lokacin da ganye ya bushe, ana iya maye gurbin su tare da sabbin tsire-tsire. 
Tare da taimakon decoction bisa layin celandine, ana amfani da hive, saƙar zuma da kudan zuma. An shirya broth ta ruwan zãfi 100 g na sabo ne celandine a cikin lita 2 na ruwa. Dole ne a dakatar da bayani a sakamakon minti 25-30 kuma sanyaya don amfani.
Karanta bayanin irin ƙudan zuma da bambance-bambance tsakanin su.Tafarnuwa za a iya amfani dashi ta ajiye kiban da tafarnuwa matasa a cikin hive ko 1 albasa tafarnuwa da aka zubar a cikin gruel.
Ana amfani da lemun tsami a cikin watsi da kofuna 1-2 na kayan a kasa na hive. Ana wanke lemun tsami ba lallai ba ne - ƙudan zuma zasu tsabtace kasa daga cikin gida, kuma a wannan lokacin naman gwari zai mutu. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci na gwagwarmaya, lokacin da aka yi amfani da juna, ƙara yawan maganin maganin rigakafi da kuma hanzarta dawo da iyali.
Rigakafin
Yin rigakafi na ascospherosis da sauran cututtuka shine don biyan waɗannan ayyuka:
- Tsarin lokaci na hakowa don lokacin hunturu;
- wuri na apiaries yafi a yankunan bushe;
- dace tsaftacewa daga asalin podmor (ƙudan zuma wanda ya mutu a halitta) da ƙonawa;
- tacewar disinfection lokaci-lokaci ta amfani da 10% bayani na hydrogen peroxide ko soda ash;
- rigakafin ciyar da abinci gurbata (zuma ko perga).
Warming hives domin hunturu kakarZai zama mai ban sha'awa don gano abin da cututtukan ƙudan zuma ke bi.
Ascospherosis shine cututtukan kudan zuma na kowa, annobar cutar a cikin iyalan kudan zuma da yawa sukan wuce ta kansu. Iyalan da ba su da kyau sun kasa magance cutar da kansu, sabili da haka suna bukatar yin amfani da kwayoyi marasa amfani. Hanyoyin al'ada na gwagwarmaya tare da ascospherosis suna da tasiri kuma za'a iya amfani da su tare da maganin rigakafi, amma rigakafin cututtukan cututtuka na iya hana rigakafi.
Video: mu bi da ascospherosis
Bayani daga masu amfani na cibiyar sadarwa game da beescosferosis
Ko da bakon. Zai yi kyau a sami ainihin dalilin.
Idan mutanensa ba su da lafiya, to, zai zama abin fahimta, kin amincewa, da dai sauransu. Amma alamun da ke waje sun ɓace daga cikin waɗanda aka saya da sauri. Wani wuri, alal misali, yawan yarrow yana girma, a'a, amma makwabta suna da alamun bayyanar ascoperosis. Dry, kuma, babu, alal misali, a cikin bazara da cikin ruwan sama a kan yumɓu-yayinda tayi a takalma dole in yi tafiya a tsakanin amya - ruwan yana gudana. Kuma wurin ba kararrawa da amya tsakanin itatuwa. Voshchina ba ta gurbata ba, amma ba shakka, har yanzu ina da manyan magunguna na farkon juyin juya hali-Soviet, amma ga alama ba a isa ɗaya ba. Ba zan yi amfani da kwayoyi ko kari ba. Amma aboki na beekeeper ascoferosis kusan ya kashe apiary, a lokacin rani a yawancin lokuta yana da kullun kudan zuma 1-2, duk da haka sai ya warke tare da ascoecine.
Ko kuma tsabtace tsabta mai tsabta?
