Delphinium shine tsire-tsire mai herbaceous tare da inflorescences lush. Iyali ne na dangin Ranunculaceae kuma yana da mazauninsu mai kyau: Afirka, China, Kudu maso gabas Asiya, Turai, Arewacin Amurka. Perennial delphinium ana kiransa spur ko larkspur, da dabbar dolfin shekara guda. Wannan fure yana da alaƙa da labarin soyayya cewa wani saurayi da ya farfado da mutum-mutumi ya juya shi ga dabbar dolphin. Don ta'azantar da ƙaunataccen, dabbar dolfin ya kawo yarinyar kyawawan furanni na inuwar inuwar teku. Duk tsirrai masu tsiro suna yin shuɗi da shuɗi, shunayya da shuɗi. Hannun launuka masu launin ruwan hoda, rawaya ko fari sun bayyana a cikin hybrids saboda zaɓi.
Bayanin Shuka
Delphinium tsirrai ne na shekara-shekara ko na shekara guda tare da tsayin 10 cm zuwa 3 m. Rhizome nashi yana da kamannin sanda, yana da hanyoyin gewaye na bakin ciki da yawa. Kara a cikin nau'i na bututu mai rufi tare da gefuna fleshy na girma a tsaye. Yawancin lokaci ana dan ƙara ɗanɗano, amma pinching yana ba da sakamako mai kyau.
Petiole ya fita a kan harba ya sake girma. Suna da tsarin arcuate kuma ana watsa su zurfi cikin sassan m tare da nuna baki da hakora marasa daidaituwa a tarnaƙi. Za a iya samun 3-7.
Lokacin fure yana farawa a ƙarshen Yuni kuma zai ɗauki kwanaki 20-25. Furanni suna ƙawata saman tushe kuma ana tattara su cikin panicle (3-15 furanni) ko pyramidal (fure 50-80) inflorescences. Tsawonsu zai iya kai mita 1. Wasu nau'ikan suna ba da ƙanshi mai daɗin ƙanshi.
Flowersanan furanni suna da tsari na mara daidaitacce, amma dukansu suna halin kasancewar spur - kunkuntar mai kunkuntar buɗe ido wacce akwai guda biyu nectaries. Don wannan ruwa mai zaki ne cewa kwari ko hummingbirds suka yi tsalle a yayin tsirrai. An samar da ocellus na launin rawaya mai haske ko ruwan kirim a tsakiyar corolla.
Bayan pollination, 'ya'yan itãcen ganyen ganye sun girma. Sun ƙunshi furannin oblong tare da daskararren duhu ƙasa mai laushi. Suna riƙe da ikon shuka har zuwa shekaru 4. A cikin 1 g na kayan dasa sune raka'a 600-700.
Kamar yawancin membobin Buttercup, delphinium mai guba ne! Bayan kun gama aiki da shi, ku wanke hannuwan ku sosai. Hakanan, ba a ba da damar cin kowane ɓangare na shuka daga dabbobi da yara ba.
Iri da nau'in delphinium
Duk nau'in delphinium, kuma akwai kusan 370 daga cikinsu, ana iya rarrabe su cikin shekara-shekara (nau'in 40) da tsirrai (300-330 nau'in). Fiye da 100 daga cikinsu suna girma a kan ƙasar Rasha.
Filin Delphinium. Ciyawa na shekara-shekara tare da harbe 180-200 cm babba a tsakiyar bazara Bloom pyramidal inflorescences tare da furanni masu sauƙi ko biyu na ruwan hoda, fari, lilac, launin shuɗi. Ana ta yin yawo har ƙarshen bazara.
Manyan dabarun buɗe ido. Annuals tare da tsayi ba fiye da 50-80 cm suna da karar tsaye a tsaye tare da ingantaccen inzali. Ganyayyaki Ternate tare da layu na layi suna girma akan sa. Furannin ba su yi girma da yawa ba, an haɗa su zuwa cikin goge mai laushi da girma a cikin Yuli-Agusta. Petals suna da launin shuɗi mai haske ko launin shuɗi.
Delphinium high. Tsire-tsire suna zaune a Tsakiyar Asiya kuma sun kai tsawo na mita 1. Mitsari da ganyayyaki an rufe su da tarin fatar. Ruwan yana da haske kore. A watan Yuni, goge mai haske mai haske na 10-60 shuɗi shuɗi ya yi girma tsawon makonni 3.
Yawancin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata ana samun su cikin al'ada. An dogara da su akan nau'ikan biyu na ƙarshe. Akwai da yawa iri. Wasu daga cikinsu suna hade gaba ɗaya. Mafi yawan abubuwa a cikinsu:
- Delphinium New Zealand. Shuke-shuke tare da tsayinsa na kusan 2 m shimfiɗa rabin-biyu da furanni biyu tare da diamita na 7-9 cm. arianbin suna da tsayayya ga sanyi da cututtuka (Giant, Roksolana).
- Belladonna (launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi). Ofaya daga cikin rukunin tsire-tsire na farko da aka samu. Yawancin lokaci fure sau biyu a shekara. Pyramidal inflorescences yana da kyawawan launuka masu launin shuɗi ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi kuma sun ƙunshi furanni masu sauƙi tare da diamita na 5 cm (Piccolo, Balaton, Lord Battler).
- Delphinium Pacific. An samo ƙungiyar 'yan mata da ke a farkon karni na 20 ta hanyar zuriya, saboda haka, yayin yaduwar ƙwayar cuta tana riƙe da haruffa na mata. An bambanta tsire-tsire ta manyan, furanni masu launuka daban-daban tare da ido mai bambanci. Suna da saurin kamuwa da cutar da gajere (Lancelot, Summer Skyes, Black night).
- Delphinium scottish. An bambanta ire-iren kyawawan furanni biyu. Launin launuka mai ruwan hoda, mai ruwan hoda, mai ruwan shuɗi (Flamenco, Moonlight, Crystal shine).
- Kyan wayo. Very sabon abu iri-iri tare da m super terry inflorescences. Abubuwan furanni masu launin shuɗi suna gefen gefen waje, a saman su akwai layuka masu yawa na lilac, kuma asalin shine wakilcin pistachio.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Delphinium na haifuwa daidai gwargwado ta wurin tsaba, rarrabuwa daga daji da yan itace. Hanyar iri tana ba ku damar samun adadi mai yawa na tsire-tsire nan da nan, amma ana bada shawara don siyan kayan dasawa a cikin shagunan, kamar yadda yawancin tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu yawa ba sa tura haruffan kayan ado don zuriya. Girma na dogon lokaci ya kasance kawai lokacin da adana tsaba a cikin wuri mai sanyi, alal misali, a cikin firiji.
Wani abin da ake buƙata don tsirarwa shine sassauci, dasawa ne da za'ayi a watan Fabrairu, a cikin tukwane tare da cakuda sassan takin, yashi, ƙasa lambun da peat. Ya kamata a cakuda cakuda ƙasa. Kafin dasa, an lalata tsaba a cikin mafita mai karfi na potassiumgangan da kuma dan kadan bushe. An sanya su a zurfin 3 mm kuma an fesa su da ruwa mai tsabta. Don tsiro, tsaba suna buƙatar duhu, don haka an rufe akwati da kayan opaque kuma ana kiyaye shi da zazzabi na + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Bayan kwanaki 2-4, ana tura shi kwana ɗaya zuwa firiji ko zuwa baranda mara jinya (an ba da izinin sanyaya zuwa -5 ° C).
Bayan kwanaki 10-15, seedlings suka bayyana. Daga wannan lokacin, nan da nan cire fim kuma a kai a kai moisten kasar gona. Lafiya lau mai cikakke na fure tare da ganyayyaki 2-3 waɗanda suka mutu a cikin tukwane dabam. Ya kamata a kiyaye 'ya'yan itacen a zazzabi har zuwa + 20 ° C. Isasa ta jika tare da kulawa sosai kuma an kwance saman ɗakin, kamar yadda theannan seedlings ke sa kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta da ƙafa na baki. A ranakun dumin yanayi an fallasa shi ga iska mai kyau. A watan Afrilu-Mayu, kafin dasawa a cikin filin budewa, tsire-tsire suna sarrafa ciyar da su sau 1-2 tare da maganin ma'adinan ƙasa na duniya.
A cikin bazara ko riga a watan Satumba, a ƙarshen fure, ana iya raba delphinium. Wannan shawarar ana bada shawarar don tsire-tsire masu tsufa fiye da shekaru 8-10. An gama gina daji gaba ɗaya kuma tare da kulawa sosai suna kwantar da rhizome daga ƙasa. Sa'an nan an yanke harbe zuwa sassa da yawa, ƙoƙarin kada ma taɓa wuraren girma. Ana kula da daskararre da gawayi. Delenki nan da nan dasa a cikin wani sabon wuri kuma yafa masa ƙasa tare da takin, humus da ash. Delphinium yana fama da sauyawa maimakon wahala, don haka a karo na farko zai ji rauni kuma ya bushe, wanda ke nufin zai buƙaci kulawa sosai.
Yaduwa da kore kore an dauki mafi yawan-cinyewa, saboda haka ana amfani dashi kawai a lokuta mafi wuya. Kamar yadda itace ke amfani da harbe 5-8 cm tsayi, a yanka daga tsirrai matasa. Ana yin yankan kusa da ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu. Yana da mahimmanci cewa babu datti da zai shiga ramin ciki. A kara an bi da tare da girma stimulant da kuma dasa a cikin sako-sako da m ƙasa. Ana sa tukunya a cikin ɗakin dumi. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai bude, ana shuka tsiron tare da bankunan kuma an kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Bayan makonni 2, yi maganin takin ma'adinai. A cikin kaka mai ban sha'awa, a farkon lokacin kaka, tsire-tsire matasa masu cikakken tsari za su kasance a shirye, za su iya jure hunturu akan titi.
Saukowa da kulawa
Shuka dabbar dolphinium a cikin ƙasa an shirya don ƙarshen bazara, lokacin da aka kafa yanayi mai ɗorewa. Zai bada shawara a zabi ɓangaren inuwa mai santsi da safe. Ga kowane shuka, an shirya rami tare da zurfi da faɗin 40 cm. Nisan, gwargwadon tsayin shuka, shine 50-70 cm. Rabin guga yashi, takin, ash da takin ma'adinai ana zuba a ƙasan kowane rami. Sai suka fitar da talakawa lambu ƙasa domin saman miya ba ya taba tushen. Ana saukowa ƙasa don zurfin tsarin saiti. Ana amfani da ƙasa sosai kuma ana shayar da yalwa. A cikin kwanaki 5-7, ana iya kiyaye seedlings a ƙarƙashin filastik ko gilashin gilashi.
Ya kamata a shayar da Delphinium ne kawai in babu hazo. A gare shi, karamin fari shine wanda ake fin so fiye da tururuwar danshi a asalin sa. Ruwa na ƙasa yana bushewa a kai a kai kuma an cire ciyayi. A cikin bazara ne mafi alh mulri ga ciyawa tabbata.
Ciki kai na yau da kullun yana da matukar muhimmanci ga fure da yawa. A kan ƙasa mai dausayi ana amfani da su sau uku a shekara: a karon farko, lokacin da harbe tsiron ya kai tsayin 15-20 cm, kuma a lokacin lokacin buɗe ido da lokacin ƙarshe furanni zasu fara. Kuna iya amfani da hadaddun ma'adinai (superphosphate, nitrate) ko kwayoyin (mullein, takin).
Dole ne a yanke harbe-kere na Delphinium lokaci-lokaci, to, za su yi reshe mafi kyau kuma su samar da daji mai kauri. Yana da daraja ciyayi don isa tsawo na 30 cm, an gajarta shi da cm 10. Hakanan ana cire cirewar da aka bushe da tsaran yanayi. A wannan yanayin, za'a iya fara samun farkon fure akai. Da isasshen bakin ciki mai tushe tare da babban girma na iya karya da kwanciya, don haka ana tura pegs a kusa da daji kuma a ɗaure su.
A cikin kaka, lokacin da ganyayyaki suka bushe, kuma furanni da harbe suka bushe, an yanke harbin ya kai tsawon 30-40 cm .. Dole ne a sanya lubricated da yumbu don kada ruwa ya shiga rami kuma naman naman ba ya haɓaka. Kyaftin na lambun yana da tsayayya har zuwa tsananin sanyi (har zuwa -35 ... -45 ° C). A cikin yanayi mai tsananin zafi da dusar ƙanƙara, ana bada shawarar rufe ƙasa da bambaro da ganyayyaki da suka faɗi. Damagearin lalacewa na iya lalacewa ba ta hanyar sanyi ba, amma ta hanyar yawan danshi a lokacin narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, don haka a cikin bazara ya kamata ku tono tsagi tare da gadon filawa don magudanar ruwan.
Ana amfani da delphinium ta mildew powdery, ƙafa na baƙar fata, ganye na ramularis, tsatsa. Bayan sun samo aibobi a cikin ganyayyaki, ya kamata a rage su kuma a bi da su ta hanyar kashe-kashe. Daga parasites slugs, caterpillars, delphinium tashi, aphids damuwa. Karin kwari suna taimaka wa kwari da acaricides, gami da tarkuna na musamman don tarkace daga ganyen kabeji ko fesa ƙasa tare da maganin rauni mai kyau.
Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi
Ana amfani da delphinium a cikin al'adu don saita asirin mai haske, kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan a cikin tsirrai na layi na rukuni na iya yin hidima ga yankin. Yi amfani da shi a bangon lambun furanni, ko kuma wajan rabatka. Lush m inflorescences na ado iri za a iya haɗe, yin up da dama qagaggun abubuwa.
Ta hanyar fure, delphiniums sukan tafi kai tsaye bayan tashin-hankali da peonies, wanda dole ne a la'akari da shi don ƙirƙirar gado na fure tare da ci gaba da fure. Roses, fure, fure, kayan leya da carnations zasu iya zama kamfani na lambun fure. Manyan inflorescences sun dace da yankan da shirya murnan bouquet.
