Mutane da yawa suna tunani game da samar da ɗakin kwanciyar hankali mai kyau a kan kansu dacha. Tare da taimakonsa, zaka iya daukar horo na ruwa tare da sake cajin batirka, kazalika da taimakawa ga danniya.
Amma a mataki na zane da shigarwa na tsari, yawanci suna fuskanci matsaloli masu tsanani. Daya daga cikin mafi yawan waɗannan shine zabar kayan aikin da aka dace don gina.
Don taimaka maka ka fahimta, zamu dubi wannan batu daki-daki, kazalika da ƙayyade abubuwan da za a iya amfani da ita da kuma rashin amfani da wasu hanyoyin gina gine-gine don gina wanka.
Bukatun bukatun ƙasa na wanka
Shirye-shiryen wanka, da kuma sauran sifofin, yana samar da tsarin aiwatar da tsarin gine-gine na yau da kullum da kuma tsarin gina gidaje. Duk da haka, shari'armu ta rikitarwa ta hanyar buƙata ta bi da aiwatar da ka'idoji na kare lafiyar wuta.
Shin kuna sani? Bath tare da tushenta a cikin karni na 6 na BC. e. A wannan lokacin a zamanin d Misira, ana iya samun ɗakuna na musamman a wurare dabam dabam, wanda zai iya kasancewa ga dukkanin sassa.
Don haka, don ba da wanka a dacha daidai, dole ne ku bi ka'idodin da ake biyowa:
- Daidaitawa ga tsarin gine-ginen: Gidan da ya fi nasara ga wanka shine mafi nisa daga kowane nau'i na tsari. Duk da haka, a yanayin zamani don cimma cikakkiyar ƙarancin gine-gine kusa da wanka ba zai zama mai sauƙi ba. Sabili da haka, irin wannan tsari ya kasance a nesa da ba kasa da mita 8 daga gidan zama ba, ba kusa da mita takwas zuwa makwabcin da ke kusa ba kuma ba kasa da mita 12 daga cikin rijiyar ba. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a kaddamar da gine-ginen game da dukan shafin, tun da yake a kan tudu za a sake gwadawa da wanka, kuma a cikin ƙauyuka a kowace shekara suna fama da ambaliya.
- Yarda da ka'idodin kiwon lafiya: Dole ne a ginin gine-ginen da kuma dakatar da tsarin ruwa. In ba haka ba, zai haifar da stagnation na iska da danshi, kuma tare da wannan - ci gaban naman gwari da sauran pathogens.
- Daidaitawa da yanayin tsaro na wuta: Dukkan sassa na tsarin da ke cikin zafi ya kamata a sanya shi daga kayan da ba'a iya ƙerawa. Sashi na ginin da wutar lantarki da aka tanada shi dole ne a kare shi tareda kayan haɓaka wanda ya hana ƙin ƙarancin tsari.
- Abubuwan da ke cikin yanayin muhalli: Bath - wani wuri da zazzabi da zafi, don haka kayan aikin da aka gina su kamata a sanya su ga iyakar halittun da ba mai guba ba, ba tare da ƙara wani mahadi ba.
Bidiyo: bukatun wuta don wanka
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan kusanci zuwa yanki makwabta bai yarda ya ba da wanka ba, za'a iya rage ginin nesa zuwa mita 1, duk da haka dole ne a yarda da ita tare da maƙwabta, kuma izinin su dole ne su yarda da takarda ta hanyar lauyoyi.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da katako na katako
Yawancin lokaci ana yin wanka da itace. Wood yana da sauki don yin aiki tare, saboda haka zaka iya ƙirƙirar kusan kowane ɓangare na tsarin, abubuwan da ke gudana, da kuma cladding.
Irin wadannan sifofin suna da ƙarfin karfi, kuma hawan su a ƙasa suna tafiya a kai a kai, ba tare da faruwar fashe da fractures ba. Bugu da ƙari, itacen yana da tsayayya ga laima da ƙananan zafin jiki, kuma yana da halayen haɓakaccen thermal, wanda ya sa wannan abu ya zama cikakke.
Muna ba da shawara ka karanta game da yadda ake ginawa da shirya wanka.
Duk da haka, yana da mai yawa minuses, na farko, shi ne:
- lalata;
- Wakunan katako suna buƙatar kulawa da yanayin tsaro na wuta;
- shrinkage na dogon lokaci kuma yana iya zama fiye da 10 cm;
- wani katako na wanka yana bukatar akalla shekaru 2 ya bushe sosai;
- Bayan bushewa, dole ne a kyafaffen katako na katako.
Shin kuna sani? Finland - jagorancin adadin dakunan motsa jiki a kowane ɗayan. A cikin ƙasa da kimanin miliyan 5 daga cikinsu, akwai fiye da miliyan 2 daga cikinsu.
Pine itace
Pine ita ce itace mafi girma a cikin ginin, don haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa ana yin wanka daga wannan abu. 
Pine yana da amfani mai yawa:
- itacen yana girma a kusan dukkanin yanayi, saboda haka yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mafi kyawun abubuwa;
- Pine yana da sassauka da har ma da igiya, wanda ya inganta aikinsa;
- wannan itace mai haske ne amma mai karfi, ƙananan fasaha, don haka irin waɗannan sifofin sun dogara ne kuma suna ba da ƙananan shrinkage;
- Pine yana dauke da adadi mai yawa na reshe, don haka hanyoyin ruwa a irin wannan wanka suna da amfani sosai ga lafiyar dan Adam.
Muna ba da shawara game da abin da kayan aiki suke don shinge, da kuma yadda za a yi shinge na gabions, tubali, shinge mai sutura, shinge-haɗe-haɗe da shinge na katako don gonar.
Pine yana da 'yan kaɗan, amma har yanzu suna nan. Da farko, wannan karuwar shinge na itace, saboda haka, a irin wannan wanka, za a tsabtace resin daga ganuwar a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa.
Har ila yau, itacen pine ba ya bambanta da juriya ga bayyanuwar yanayi, fungi da kwari, saboda haka irin wannan itace yana buƙatar ƙarin farashin don magani tare da masu kariya. 
Spruce
Spruce bathhouses ba kasa da cancanta fiye da Pine, amma ƙasa da na kowa. Hakanan da nau'in coniferous da aka bayyana a sama, spruce yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa, mai amfani kuma yana da farashin low.
Bugu da ƙari, wannan abu, irin su Pine, yana wadatar da wasu nau'in resinous da za su iya wanke wanka tare da aromas masu amfani da sutura.
Duk da haka, zane-zane daga spruce a cikin sararinmu suna da wuya, tun da yake, ban da abubuwan da aka bayyana a baya, wannan conifer yana da matukar tsayayya ga bayyanar yanayi da fungi, kuma yana ba da girma fiye da Pine. Sabili da haka, irin waɗannan nau'o'in ba wai kawai kulawa ta kullum tare da jami'an tsaro ba, amma har ma sun ragu. 
Cedar
Ba a samo itatuwan Cedar a kowane yanki, saboda haka ana wanke wanka daga wannan katako a Siberia, a cikin Urals. Wannan abu yana da nau'ikan halaye masu kyau kamar yadda aka bayyana dasu, amma yana da dama da dama.
Da farko, shi ne mafi kyau na kamannin tsarin. Cedar itacen - tare da mai launin ruwan hoɗi mai launin ruwan hoda da ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan zinari na ƙananan yadudduka, yana ba da wanka wani abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa.
Bugu da ƙari, itacen al'ul yana da ƙarfin juriya ga kowane irin fungi da sauran microorganisms, da kuma yanayin yanayin zafi, sabili da haka, irin waɗannan sassa sun fi dacewa kuma basu da tsada don kula da pine ko spruce.
Babban mahimmancin wannan itace sun haɗa da:
- Girgije mai zurfi a cikin 'yan shekarun baya bayan gina;
- babban farashin kayan.
Larch
Larch ne nau'i ne kawai, saboda haka wannan itace ba shi da tushe a matsayin kayan gini. Amma duk da wannan, game da 'yan'uwa masu zumunci, wannan itace yana da amfani mai yawa:
- yana da m, abin dogara da abin da zai dace, saboda haka wannan wanka za ta iya tsayawa har tsawon shekaru;
- Larch yana da tsayayya ga kowane nau'i na fungi da parasites, da kuma danshi, don haka wannan katako baya buƙatar ƙarin magani tare da kayan aiki masu tsaro.
Babban hasara na larch za'a iya kiransa babban farashin, don haka wanka daga itacen wannan za'a samuwa ne kawai a cikin yanki na tsire-tsire na itace. Bugu da ƙari, wannan itace yana da tsari mai yawa kuma ba ya bambanta a sauƙaƙe na aiki. 
Oak
Oak ana daukar su zama abu ne na musamman. Irin wannan itace yana da kyakkyawan inuwa da kuma alamu a kan yanke, yana da ƙarfi, tsayayya da laima, zazzabi, naman gwari da kuma juyawa don shekarun da suka gabata.
Kila za ku so ku san yadda za ku gina ɗakin gida, ɗaki da kuma gidan waya, da kuma yadda za ku yi wani dutse daga dutse, da pergola, da gadobo, da makafi don gidan da hanyar tafiya.
Duk da haka, wannan abu ba'a dauke shi mafi sauki don aiwatarwa, tun da yake yana da tsari mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, itacen oak yana da abu mai mahimmanci, don haka waɗannan kayayyaki suna ba da matsala mai tsanani. Kada ka manta game da yawan kuɗin itacen oak, saboda haka wannan wanka yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin da kasafin kudi mara iyaka don ginawa. 
Aspen
Aspen wani abu ne marar kyau don ginawa, tun lokacin da farashin kima da ingancin wannan katako bai fi dacewa da irin itace ba. Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don ƙirƙirar aspen, kowane itace yana da girmansa da siffarsa, sabili da haka, aikin wannan katako yana yiwuwa ne kawai bayan yin aiki mai kyau.
Kada ka manta cewa aspen ba ta da tsayayya ga bambancin yanayi da kwari, don haka itace zai yi duhu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma gine-gin kanta ba zai yiwu a cikin' yan shekarun nan ba. Amma Aspen yana da amfani: itace yana shaye-raye da kuma zane-zane, sabili da haka, ana iya samar da irin waɗannan gwanaye a waje ba tare da samun fasaha na musamman ba.
Shin kuna sani? A Ancient Rus, aspen ne mafi yawan kayan aikin gina gine-gine, tun da bishiyoyin coniferous a matsayin kayan gini ne kawai zasu iya sani.
Kulle don gina wanka
Gine-gine daga tubalan na da kyau kuma marar tsada a madadin itace don shirya wurin dakin motsa jiki a kansa. Wannan abu yana ba ka damar samar da tsari mai ƙarfi wanda zai wuce fiye da shekara guda. Bugu da ƙari, kowane irin gine-gine daga tubalan suna da sauƙi a cikin halitta, da kuma kulawa, domin a kowace shekara suna samun karuwa.
Muna bada shawara game da yadda za a rufe rufin da tarin karfe da ondulin, da kuma yadda za a yi rufin gado.Babban amfani na tubalan:
- cheapness. Zane-zane har ma da nau'in tubalan masu tsada mafi tsada sune rahusa fiye da nauyin kayan kowane abu;
- ƙananan nauyin sifofi, wanda ke taimakawa wajen ƙaddamar da dukkanin tsari;
- da sauƙi da kuma saurin shigarwa, don haka ana iya ƙirƙirar ɗakunan ajiya na tubalan da kansu, ba tare da samun ilimi na musamman ba.
Amma akwai irin kayan da abubuwan da suke da shi. Da farko, shi ne:
- rashin juriya ga matsanancin zafi da sauyin yanayi na kwatsam, wanda ya rage karfin gurasar a wasu lokuta;
- kayan abu ba shi da halayen ƙananan thermal, sabili da haka dole ne a sanya waɗannan sifofi;
- gine-gine na tubalan yana buƙatar cikakken tushe, zurfin akalla 70 cm (a arewacin yankunan - akalla 1 mita);
- duka ganuwar ciki da na waje na irin waɗannan wurare na buƙatar ƙimar gamawa.
Ƙarƙashin tsage
Kwantaccen abu mai tsabta shi ne kayan da aka yi da simintin gyare-gyaren salula wanda aka yi da ciminti, yashi silica da magunguna na musamman. Dandan rassan kayan gyaran kafa mai tsabta suna da yawa, sannan a zuba su cikin siffofin musamman kuma kara ruwa.
A ƙarƙashin rinjayarsa, haɓakar sinadarin aiki ya faru, saboda sakamakon abin da aka tsara na kayan abu. Don inganta ƙarfin, wasu alamu na gas sunadarai tare da tururi a ƙananan autoclaves.
A yau, akwai nau'o'in nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka yi a kan kasuwa, suna da bambanci a cikin ingancin su da kuma yanayin amfani. Mafi kyawun zaɓi na wanka zai zama D500 iri-iri. Suna da ƙarfin da ya dace don ƙirƙirar haɓaka guda ɗaya. 
Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan abu sune yawa: sauƙi na shigarwa, nauyin nauyi, damuwa, tsaro mai tsanani. Amma kuma akwai ƙananan ƙananan hanyoyi: babban hygroscopicity, maimakon farashi mai girma (dangantaka da sauran nau'in ginin gida), da buƙatar ƙila mai mahimmanci don kwanciya.
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin da za a zabi raƙuman maiya, za a ba da fifiko ga kayan da aka riga ya bi da shi tare da babban tururi a cikin autoclaves, tun da kawai a cikin wannan yanayin ƙwayoyin za su sami ƙarfin da ya dace da kuma juriya.
Babban halayen fasaha na haɗin maratan:
- ƙarfi, kg / cm sq. - 5-20;
- gyaran yanayin thermal, W / (m · K) - 0.15-0.3;
- Nauyin nauyi, kg / m 3 - 200-600;
- sanyi juriya (yawan hawan keke) - 50-75;
- shrinkage, mm / m - 1.5;
- ruwan sha,% - 45.
Gas silicate
Za'a iya kiran silicate na Gas a matsayin mai amfani mai mahimmanci. An sanya wannan abu a kan wannan ka'ida kamar yadda ya gabata, amma yana dauke da yashi na ma'auni da ƙananan lemun tsami a matsayin mai ɗaure.
Sabanin kamfanonin da aka haifa, don samun silicate mai kyau na gas, dole ne a yi amfani da tubalan don maganin magunguna. Kayanan yana da nau'ikan amfani da rashin amfani kamar yadda ake yi na haɗi, amma daga ra'ayi na fasaha ya rasa shi.
Lokacin gyarawa na robot, mutane da yawa suna neman amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyi: yadda za a cire tsohuwar fenti daga bango, yadda za a haɗa nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, yadda za a saka ɓangaren haske don hunturu, yadda za a shigar da hasken haske, fitar da wutar lantarki, da kuma yadda za a shigar da ruwa mai gudana da tsarin kwandishan.
Tun da lemun tsami ne na silicate gas, wannan toshe ya sha ruwan haushi da sauri kuma an lalatar da shi a ƙarƙashin rinjayarsa. Sabili da haka, irin waɗannan wurare na buƙatar kulawa da ruwa da duk abin da ya dace. 
Babban fasaha na gas silicate:
- ƙarfi, kg / cm sq. - 28-40;
- hawan zafin jiki, W / (m · K) - 0.1-0.2;
- Nauyin nauyi, kg / m 3 - 480-720;
- sanyi juriya (yawan hawan keke) - har zuwa 50;
- shrinkage, mm / m - 0.3;
- ruwan sha,% - 47.
Foam kankare
Kullun kumfa shi ne nauyin ƙwayar tantanin halitta. Ana yin su daga cakuda yashi, ciminti da ruwa, wanda aka kara da shi da kumfa daga janareta na musamman.
Don gina gidan dakin motsa jiki, zai fi kyau a zabi wani abu na D 600 ko mafi girma, tun da yake an yi amfani da ƙwayar katako mai mahimmanci a matsayin mai huta. Sakamakon gyaran kumfa yana da mahimmanci ga gas ɗin gas ko gas ɗin da aka bayyana a sama dangane da halaye na fasaha, amma amfanin su shine farashin. 
Babban halayyar fasaha na kumfa kankare:
- ƙarfi, kg / cm sq. - 10-50;
- gyare-gyare na thermal, W / (m · K) - 0.2-0.4;
- Nauyin nauyi, kg / m 3 - 450-900;
- sanyi juriya (yawan hawan keke) - har zuwa 25;
- shrinkage, mm / m - 0.6-1.2;
- ruwan sha,% - 52.
Slag
Dutsen Slag wani kayan gini ne da aka yi a kan yadudduka na ciminti, da kuma sutura - sharar gida daga samar da kwal da sauran masana'antu. Wannan kyauta ce mai kyau, tun lokacin da aka samar da ita yana da manufa ɗaya - don inganta yawan yin amfani da samfurori na slag.
Duk da haka, maƙallin cinder ba shine mafi kyawun zabi don gina wanka ba. Irin waɗannan tubalan suna da sauri sosai kuma suna da damuwa na dogon lokaci, kuma ba su bambanta a cikin matsanancin durability, musamman ma a yanayin yanayin ƙara yawan zafi. 
Ko da maɗaukaki mai tsabta, irin wannan wanka zai yi aiki har tsawon shekaru 15-20, bayan haka za'a buƙaci gyare-gyare mai tsanani.
Yana da muhimmanci! An haramta kullin Slag don amfani dashi a matsayin kayan gine-gine ba da daɗewa ba bayan da aka samar, tun lokacin da kullun ya fitar da abubuwa masu guba mai tsawo don dogon lokaci. Saboda haka, kafin amfani, ya kamata a dage farawa cikin iska don akalla 1 shekara.
Za a iya amfani da sawdust a matsayin babban bangaren samar da ƙwayoyin cinder, a cikin wannan yanayin, yana yiwuwa a samu ba kawai kima ba, amma har da kayan halayyar yanayi. Don ƙirƙirar sassa guda ɗaya, ba za a buƙaci wani abu mai daraja fiye da M 75 ba, tun da ƙananan zaɓuɓɓuka masu amfani suna amfani da su kawai kamar yadda ake rufewa.
Babban halayen fasahar cinder:
- ƙarfi, kg / cm sq. - 25-75;
- hawan zafin jiki na thermal, W / (m · K) - 0.3-0.5;
- Nauyin nauyi, kg / m 3 - 500-1000;
- sanyi juriya (yawan hawan keke) - har zuwa 20;
- shrinkage, mm / m - 0;
- ruwan sha,% - 55.
Claydite
Gilashin ƙididdigar ƙananan ƙafa sun kusan cikakke, amma mafi girma ingancin maƙallan cinder. Wannan kayan abu ne da aka yi da ciminin ciminti, da kuma yumbu mai yalwa - yumɓu na ƙananan tsararrakin da aka ƙone a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman. Ƙirƙasa ƙwayoyin yumɓu yana da yawa abũbuwan amfãni dangane da wasu tubalan cell.
Da farko, yana da tausayi na muhalli, nauyin nauyi, wanda kusan ya kawar da haɗarin shrinkage. Кроме того этот материал имеет низкий процент водопоглощения, а также небольшую теплопроводность, что делает его практически идеальным вариантом для создания качественной, но недорогой парилки.
Если вы не знаете чем украсить свой участок, советуем почитать о том, как сделать водопад, альпийскую горку, фонтан, клумбы из камней и колесных шин, розарий, рокарий, сухой ручей.
Duk da haka, tsari na wanka zai buƙaci bugi na alama M100-M150, saboda rashin amfani da tsararren tsararraki mai tsabta ne kawai a matsayin faɗakarwa. Babban fasaha na keramsit:
- ƙarfi, kg / cm sq. - 50-150;
- hawan zafin jiki na thermal, W / (m · K) - 0.15-0.45;
- Nauyin nauyi, kg / m 3 - 700-1500;
- sanyi juriya (yawan hawan keke) - har zuwa 50;
- shrinkage, mm / m - 0;
- Ɗaya guda,% - 12.
Sulin yumbura
Ceramoblock ba abu ne na kowa ba a tsarin zamani, maimakon na sama, amma zaka iya ganin kasafin kuɗi daga gare ta. Keramoblocks suna da kyau a yanayi, kamar yadda suke hada da kawai ciminti, yashi, yumbu foda da ruwa.
Har ila yau da kayan da aka sama, ana rarraba irin waɗannan tubalan ta hanyar kuɗin kuɗi, sauƙi na kwanciya, nauyin nauyi, da kuma tsawon lokaci. Babban hasara na kayan abu shine haɗuwa ta thermal. 
Bugu da ƙari, kada ka manta game da lalacewar kayan, don haka a lokacin da kake shigar da wanka na yumbura, tabbatar da cewa yawan adadin kayan abu zai karu da akalla 5%. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa nauyin wannan bai dace ba, alamar bai kamata a kasa M100 ba.
Babban halayen fasaha na yadudin yumbura:
- ƙarfi, kg / cm sq. - 25-175;
- hawan zafin jiki na thermal, W / (m · K) - 0.08-0.18;
- Nauyin nauyi, kg / m 3 - 650-1000;
- sanyi juriya (yawan hawan keke) - fiye da 50;
- shrinkage, mm / m - 0.3;
- ruwan sha,% - 10-15.
Yana da muhimmanci! Gyara abubuwa na tubalan suna ba da ƙarin ƙarfin ƙarfe na katako tare da nauyin nau'i a kowace layuka 2-3, in ba haka ba sau da dama yawancin lokaci ya rage tsawon lokaci. Dole ne a ɗauka wannan yanayin yayin ƙirƙirar lissafi.
Brick wanka
Brick wanka yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun hanya don shirya ɗaki a cikin gida. 
Tare da taimakon tubalin, za ka iya ƙirƙirar ƙira da ke da inganci wanda zai yi farin ciki ga masu mallakar su har shekaru da yawa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yawan masu sha'awar auren aure suna ba da fifiko ga wannan abu.
Babban amfani da salo na sauna shine:
- aminci da durability;
- ruwa mai zurfi na ruwa. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ba kawai ga dorewar tsarin ba, amma yana taimaka wajen cigaba da ciwon fungi da kwayoyin cututtuka a jikin bango;
- versatility. Brick zai sa ya yiwu a yi amfani da shi don kusan kowane dalili: daga kafawar ganuwar, zuwa tsari na cikin tanda;
- musamman. Tare da taimakon brickwork yana yiwuwa ya halicci zane na kowane tsari da girman gine-gine;
- sauki. Brick ne mai sauki don amfani da kulawa, banda shi yana da kyau na ado kuma baya buƙatar na ciki da na waje kayan ado;
- babban wutar lantarki. Ko da a yanayin zafi mai kyau, brick ba zai iya ƙonewa ba, wanda ya sa ya zama manufa (daga batun batun kare wuta) kayan abu;
- abokiyar muhalli. Abinda ke ciki na tubali ya haɗa da iyakar adadin halittu.
- babban farashi. Ko da aikin tubalin mafi sauki zai kasance da tsada fiye da kowane katako ko katako;
- high thermal zazzabi. Wannan yana da tasirin amfani da man fetur, kazalika da cikakkiyar ƙarancin wanka na wanka da kuma samun nasarar yanayin zafi mafi kyau.
A al'ada, don gina wanka a aikin zamani na zamani, ana amfani da tubalin bulo. Don gina dakunan shawan suna amfani da nau'o'in nau'ikansa: ko da yake suna da wani aiki na musamman, suna bukatar a yi amfani da su kawai don dalilai na musamman.
Wadannan sune ake kira bututu, yumburai da iri iri-iri. Gaba, muna la'akari dalla-dalla game da wajibi da ayyuka na kowane ɗayan waɗannan kayan..
Yana da muhimmanci! Brick mai gasa yana da inuwa mai kyau a cikin girman, kuma lokacin da aka buga shi da guduma shi ne "zobe". Idan babu waɗannan alamu, dole ne a jefar da kayan.
Kwafa (kullun)
Ayyukan tubalin tubali shine kawar da ƙananan lalacewar da ke tashi daga konewar man fetur a yayin da ake yin amfani da wutar lantarki. Wannan shi ne watakila ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kayan gini waɗanda zasu iya magance irin wannan aiki ba tare da bayyana su ga mummunar tasirin canjin canji ba.
An yi shi daga wata gauraya ta yumɓu ta musamman, a ƙarƙashin maɓallin kwashe-bushe. A sakamakon haka, yana yiwuwa a samo samfurin da high hygroscopicity, m surface da tsananin girma. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen samar da mahimmancin manufa don kawar da kayan ƙonawa.
A yau, akwai irin wadannan irin wadannan tubalin a kasuwa, duk da haka, tubalin maɗaukaki kawai zai zama mafi dacewa. Duk da farashin mafi girma na ƙananan ƙananan, a yanayin yanayin yanayin zafi da aka ƙera don amfani da kayan aiki mai laushi ba'a bada shawara ba, saboda wannan zai iya haifar da lalata. 
Duk da haka, kammalawar kayan abu ba shine mabuɗin mai amfani da abin tunawa ba. A karkashin yanayi na yanayin zafi, ƙarfin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsare mutuncin tsarin, sabili da haka, mafi kyawun zabi zai zama brick ba kasa da ladabi na M200 ba.
Hanyoyin fasaha na tubalin ga bututu:
- ƙarfi, kg / cm sq. - 75-300;
- hawan zafin jiki, W / (m · K) - 0.3-0.8;
- Nauyin nauyi, kg / m 3 - 1500 - 1900;
- sanyi juriya (yawan hawan keke) - fiye da 75;
- yanayin zafi, ° C - har zuwa 1000;
- shrinkage,% - 5;
- ruwan sha,% - 10.
Yumbu (bututu)
Brick burodi wani nau'i ne mai ban sha'awa, wanda aka yi amfani dashi don gina gine-ginen ba wanda ya fi sama da maki 2-3. Anyi shi ne daga mafitacin lakaran da suka dace da zafin jiki mai zafi a furnaces a zafin jiki kimanin 1000 ° C.
Wannan kayan gine-ginen ba shi da bambanci a cikin abun da ke ciki daga tubalin yumbu mai yalwa kuma yana da nau'ikan amfani da rashin amfani. 
Wani amfani mai amfani da irin wannan tubalin yana da tsada. Kowace siffofi don samar da abu yana da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke haifar da cavities a cikin kowane tubali, wanda zai haifar da raguwa a yawan kayan albarkatu don samarwa, tare da wannan - farashin na ƙarshe.
Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar cavities yana inganta haɓakaccen samfurin samfurin, don haka ɗakin tsabta na brick mai zurfi ya fi sauri fiye da jiki. Akwai irin tubalin da yawa da yawa.
Shin kuna sani? Mafi yawan ɗakin kifin yana cikin garin Jamus na Sinsheim, yankinsa yana da mita 160. mita
Da farko, ƙananan ƙarfi ne, kazalika da ikon haɓaka a ƙarƙashin rinjayar babban danshi. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa a cikin farashi na ƙimar tsararraki mai kyau da kuma shinge mai yaduwa, in ba haka ba yanayin dorewar tsarin ya rage muhimmanci. Mafi kyawun tubalin yumbu mai yaduwa don gina wanka zai zama nauyin ba kasa da M200 ba. 
Babban halayyar fasaha na yumbu m tubali:
- ƙarfi, kg / cm sq. - 75-300;
- gyare-gyare na thermal, W / (m · K) - 0.2-0.5;
- Nauyin nauyi, kg / m 3 - 1300 - 1500;
- sanyi juriya (yawan hawan keke) - fiye da 75;
- yanayin zafi, ° C - har zuwa 1000;
- shrinkage,% - 5;
- ruwan sha,% - 10.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin tsohuwar kwanakin, domin sanin adadin tubalin, an sanya tubalin bita a kan katako na katako, bayan haka an dauke pallet zuwa tsawo na kimanin mita 2, sa'an nan kuma ya sauka a ƙasa sosai. Idan akalla ɗaya ya rabu, an ƙi yawan kuri'a.
Wuta-wuta (chamotte)
Wutar wuta, ko shamotny, ana amfani da tubali don dutse, da wanka na katako a matsayin tushen tushen samar da wutar. Wannan ita ce kawai kayan gini wanda zai iya tsayayya da sakamakon wuta. 
An yi shi daga cakuda da yumɓu na musamman da ƙananan additives (coke, kwakwalwa na graphite, kernels masu mahimmanci, da dai sauransu), sun yi kira a zafin jiki na 1300 ... 1500 ° C. Yana ba da dama don karɓar maganin matsananciyar zazzabi da saukowa.
A kasuwannin zamani akwai tubalin nau'o'in nau'ikan tubalin wuta (ShA, ShB, ShAK, ShUS, ShV, PV da PB). Don gina ɗakin tsabar gida, kayan da suka fi dacewa shine ShB-5 da ShB-8. Wannan shine abin da ake kira brick-bamboo na B, wanda zai iya tsayayya da yawan zafin jiki na 1.400 ° C.
Wannan yana daya daga cikin ƙananan ƙwararrun tubalin, amma duk da haka, wannan zaɓin zai zama zaɓi nagari dangane da farashi da inganci.
Babban fasaha na fasaha mai juyayi:
- ƙarfi, kg / cm sq. - 100-150;
- hawan zafin jiki na thermal, W / (m · K) - 0.6-0.9;
- Nauyin nauyi, kg / m 3 - 1800-2000;
- sanyi juriya (yawan hawan keke) - har zuwa 50;
- yanayin zafi, ° C - har zuwa 1500;
- shrinkage,% - 5;
- ruwan sha,% - 5-8.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don yin tubalin wuta da aka yi amfani da shi ta amfani da cakuda mai zafi ko na yumɓu. Saurin simintin gyaran simintin gyare-gyaren nan da nan ya fadi kuma ya rushe ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin yanayin zafi.
Giraben dutse: wadata da fursunoni
Dutse a cikin aikin shine mafi kyaun zaɓi ga yankunan da aka samo itace ba sauki. Bugu da ƙari, dutsen dutse yana da ban mamaki da banbanci, wanda zai taimaka wajen taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar ɗaki na musamman.
Abubuwan amfani da dutse dutse, mafi girma duka, shine:
- low price;
- Amfani;
- babban wutar lantarki;
- Durability;
- matsanancin tsarin shrinkage.
Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- ƙwarewar fasaha. Saboda girman kan duwatsu, yana da wuya a ƙirƙirar ginin da ya dace fiye da tubali ko itace;
- babban farashi. Ko da katako mai tsada mafi tsada za ta kasance mai rahusa fiye da dutse, saboda irin wannan dakin da yake buƙata yana buƙatar adadin kayan da suka shafi;
- high thermal zazzabi. Dutsen yana dumi zafi, don haka don ƙin kullun wanka na wanka yana ɗaukar maɗaukakin makamashi fiye da ɗakin dakunan da aka yi da sauran kayan;
- ƙananan gas wanda ke iya amfani da shi. Dole dutse yana buƙatar tsarin samun iska mai tsabta domin ya kauce wa yanayin iska;
- matsanancin zane. An gina ganuwar dutsen dutse tare da kauri na akalla 75 cm, wanda adversely rinjayar yawan sararin samaniya da ake bukata don gina.
Zaɓin mafi kyau
A yau, a cikin kasuwar kasuwancin yau, zabar kayan mafi kyau ga kayan wanka a gida bai zama mai sauƙi ba, tun da yawancin masu amfani da gida suna tambaya game da adadin kudi da aka kashe ba kawai gaggawa ba ne, amma shine babban mahimmanci a tsarin shiryawa.
Bari mu bincika dukkanin abubuwan da ke sama sannan mu gano ko wane wuri mafi kyau don gina wanka, da kuma kayan da ya fi dacewa. Mafi girman ingancin gini shine sauna na katako (Pine, spruce).
A wanka na katako zai dace da dukan ayyukan da aka ba shi, zai ba da motsin zuciyarmu, da kuma jin dadi. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ɗakin tudun yana dubi sosai kuma zai dade har tsawon shekaru da dama.
Bidiyo: yadda za a zabi kayan don gina bath
Idan babu kudi, za'a iya gina gidan wanka daga ginin gidaje - ya kamata ka kula da fadada yumbu. Wannan abu yana da ƙananan haɓakaccen ƙarfin zafi da damuwa, amma kuma ya sa ya yiwu a gaggawa da sauri samar da ɗaki mai tsabta ta kowane girman da tsawo.
Duk da haka, a cikin biyan kuɗi, kada ku zabi kayan da mafi kyawun, tun da irin waɗannan gine-gine ba zai wuce kawai ba har tsawon shekarun da suka wuce, amma kuma ya haifar da matsala a cikin abubuwan. Saboda haka, wanka na aspen, kumfa kumfa ko cinder block don gina a kan shafin ba shi da daraja.
A wannan yanayin, har ma da yanayin da ya rage, bayan shekaru 10-15, ɗakin tsawan ku zai iya zama ba daidai ba. Dafaran dakunan wanka - wannan shine mafi kyau wanda zai iya jin dadin sanyi a wani lokaci a cikin gida mai zafi.
Yau, akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda zaka iya ƙirƙirar wanka mai kyau tare da hannunka kawai a cikin 'yan watanni. Duk da haka, idan ba ku da karin kuɗi, ku gina wanka mafi kyau da za a dakatar da shi don lokaci na gaba, tun lokacin dakin bazawa mai sauki zai zama babban ciwon kai.
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