Itacen lemun tsami - girma, kulawa gida, nau'in hoto

Itacen lemun tsami (Citrus limon) - wani tsiro mai ƙyalli na gidan dangin tushen thea fruitsan itaciya tare da fruitsa fruitsan itaciya - lemons. An kwatanta shi da lokacin farin ciki ganye 10 cm cm a girman, har da fararen furanni, tare da ɗan kodadde ruwan hoda na waje na fure, yana fitar da ƙanshin lemun tsami mai ƙanshi.

Lemasar Lemon ƙasa tsibiri ce mai zafi da tekun Pacific, Mexico, Indiya, da kuma ƙasashen Kudancin da Tsakiyar Asiya. A cikin nau'in tsiro na daji, babu shi a cikin yanayi, kamar yadda yake shi ne bazuwar matasan, wanda ya daɗe yana haɓaka azaman nau'in daban.

Itace mai daɗewa wanda, tare da kulawa da kyau a yanayin ɗakuna, na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 40. A farkon shekarun, yana girma cikin sauri, ya kai girman kusan 800-1500 cm tare da gida yana girma, har zuwa mita 8 a cikin yanayin yanayin.

Idan kana son shuka tsirrai a gida, to, ka ga yadda ake shuka itacen kofi a gida.

Dukiya mai amfani

Gidan ajiya na abubuwa masu mahimmanci da aka yi amfani da su a dafa abinci da kuma aikin likita. Lemon muhimmanci mai mai kyau kwayoyin cuta da rauni waraka wakili. Yana dakatar da zub da jini, yana kawarda ciwon kai, yana da amfani mai amfani ga psyche, yana kawarda matsalolin fata. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da wannan man don kera kayan kwalliya, turare, magunguna.

Siffofin girma a gida. A takaice

Abu ne mai sauki ka shuka itacen lemo a gida, muddin ana kiyaye sharuɗan masu zuwa:

Kulawar lemun tsami a gida. Daki-daki

Gudun ruwa

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, fure na lemun tsami na cikin gida yana farawa a farkon bazara. Shuka tana fitar da kyawawan furanni masu kyau, waɗanda aƙalla 5-7 kowace reshe ce.

An kafa fure-fure fure kamar wata biyu kafin fure kuma a wannan lokacin yana da matukar muhimmanci a kiyaye itaciyar a cikin daki mai sanyi tare da zazzabi wanda bai wuce 15 ba.

Duk da cewa ana daukar 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan lemo a matsayin tsirrai masu cin gashin kansu, ana bada shawara don taimaka musu a cikin wannan, shine, amfani da ƙamshi mai laushi don canja wurin pollen a hankali daga tushen wasu inflorescences zuwa pistils na wasu. Hakanan zaka iya tsallake-pollinate idan gidan ya ƙunshi nau'in citrus daban.

Muhimmin bayani shine a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kar a kyale shi ya ci gaba da girma. Wannan zai raunana lafiyar fure kuma yana iya haifar da mutuwa ta farko. Bayyanar bayyanar ta fashe har sai bishiyar ta rufe ganyayyaki a ƙalla akalla guda 20.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Itacen lemun tsami na gida ba ya son hawa da sauka kwatsam a zazzabi. Misali, idan duk lokacin bazara da damina shuka ya zauna a baranda, loggia ko a cikin iska - tare da isowar yanayin sanyi, ƙaura zuwa ɗakin da zazzabi na + 20-22 zai zama kuskure. A wannan yanayin, har ma da kyakkyawan fure mai fitar da 'ya'yan itace zai zubar da ganyayyaki da' ya'yan itatuwa.

Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine sanya shuka a cikin wuri mai sanyi tare da zazzabi na 10-13 nesa daga tsarin dumama da kuma zayyana kafin sanyi na farko.

Fesa

Don guje wa matsaloli tare da haɓaka lemon, ya zama dole don sarrafa matakin laima a cikin ɗakin da furanni yake. Mafi ƙarancin darajar 60-70% dole ne a kiyaye duka a lokacin hunturu da kuma bazara tare da taimakon huhun iska na musamman, ko ta amfani da fesa itace akai-akai. Don yin wannan, ɗauka abin laushi, ruwan sama, ko ruwa mai narkewa. A cikin bushe, lokaci mai zafi, ana aiwatar da spraying sau 2 a rana.

Haske

Itace bishiyar lemo a gida yana buƙatar hasken rana mai taushi.

A lokacin rani, musamman idan aka shuka fure a kan titi, ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga zafin rana. A cikin hunturu, tare da rashin hasken halitta, hasken rana kowace rana tare da fitilun mai kyalli ya kamata a shirya, aƙalla na 5-6 hours.

Kasancewa yayi tsayi cikin inuwa don bishiya yana barazanar rage jinkiri, yankan ganye da harbe.

Watse

Regular m na yau da kullun - garanti na ci gaban nasara da fruiting.

Ka'idodi don shayar da lemun tsami:

• ruwan da ake amfani da shi yana da dumama fiye da yawan zafin jiki na ɗakuna da kimanin digiri 3, bambanci mafi mahimmanci zai haifar da damuwa ga shuka;
• lemun tsami a cikin tukunyar ƙaramin itace za'a iya “shayar da shi” tare da danshi ta hanyar sanya fure a cikin akwati na ruwa. Da zaran kumburin iska ya fito - dole ne a fitar da tsiron, a ba shi izinin magudana kuma a sa pallet;
• lokacin shayarwa kai tsaye cikin tukunya - yana da mahimmanci ruwa a gefen tukunyar don sanyaya tushen tsarin kuma a bangon ganga;
• sa'a daya bayan sanyaya kasar gona, ruwan da yake malalewa cikin kwanon rufi dole ne a farfasa.

Wiwi

An zaɓi tukunyar fure dangane da girman da yawan shuka. Zai fi dacewa a shuka ƙananan bishiyoyi a cikin ƙananan kwantena, a canza su don tukwane a kowane juyawa, waɗanda ke da kusan cm 2 a giwa .. Ana dasa tsire-tsire na perennial a cikin manyan filayen furanni, amma a tuna cewa kwantena waɗanda suke da zurfi don fure suna ƙara haɗarin lalacewar tushe da acidification na ƙasa.

Kasar

Lemon a gida yana buƙatar tsaka tsaki, ƙasa haifuwa, cike da abubuwan gina jiki. Baya ga ƙasa ta duniya don 'ya'yan itacen Citrus, zaku iya amfani da cakulan da aka shirya da kansu ta hanyar haɗa ganye ko ciyawar lambu (2 sassan), turf turted tare da lemun tsami ko ash itace (1 part), yashi (1 part), peat ƙasa (1 part). Sand sau da yawa ana maye gurbinsu tare da kayan wucin gadi - perlite ko vermiculite. Don ƙirƙirar matattarar magudanar ruwa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da yumɓu da aka faɗaɗa.

Taki da taki

Soilasa don lemun tsami tana wadatar da sau ɗaya a cikin kowane mako biyu, ana ba da kayan abinci masu ma'adinan tare da takin gargajiya. Latterarshen su shine, a matsayin mai mulkin, takin mai magani bisa ga taki, ya zama dole a cikin adadin 1/10 na jimlar ƙasa. Baya ga kwayoyin halitta, an wadatar da ƙasa da ƙwayoyi tare da babban abun ciki na potassium. Manyan riguna an tsaya kawai a lokacin tsunduma na fure.

Lemon juyawa

Yin juyi na yau da kullun na itacen lemun tsami ba kawai zai taimaka wajen hanzarta tafiyar da ci gabanta ba, har ma yana magance matsaloli kamar su bushewa da rashin fure.

Juyin itace zai kasance da amfani ga sababbin tsirrai da aka samo, kazalika da bishiyoyi da cututtuka da raunin da ya faru. Sauya kasar gona na iya kasancewa daga watan Fabrairu - nan da nan bayan wani lokacin hutu kuma kafin farkon lokacin girma.

Canjin bazara kuma zai yiwu. Ana aiwatar dashi tsakanin lokutan girma, yayin rike da ƙammar ƙura. A gaban parasites ko naman gwari - Tushen an lalata kafin dasa, dasa a cikin m shirye substrate kuma shayar gobe.

Lokaci mai mahimmanci bayan dasawa na iya wucewa zuwa watanni shida.

Yadda za'a shuka amfanin gona?

Itacen lemun tsami yana buƙatar ɗanɗano na lokaci-lokaci. Yana da muhimmanci ba kawai don ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan kambi mai kauri ba, har ma yana ba da gudummawa ga yawan fruiting.

Lemon pruning ne da za'ayi a cikin wadannan lamura:

• sabunta itace;
• Buƙatar girma daga cikin ƙananan rassan ana buƙatar;
• da bukatar ya ripened domin thinning kambi;
• cire wuce haddi inflorescences da 'ya'yan itatuwa don kauce wa overloading shuka.

Ka'idojin yau da kullun don datse itacen lemon cikin gida suna kama da ka'idodin kulawa da amfanin gona. A cikin karamin shuka, an cire dukkanin harbe a tsaye, an yanke gangar jikin a tsawo na 20 cm wanda ya sa akwai wasu rashen da yawa waɗanda daga cikinsu rassan daga baya za su ci gaba. A shekara mai zuwa, toshe rassan ana datse su, kuma idan ya cancanta, ana aiwatar da tsarin karyewar - wannan shine cire ɗayan haɓaka guda ɗaya in babu girman wasu. Ya raunana tsire-tsire, maimakon pruning, apical harbe za a iya pinched.

Lokacin hutawa

Kulawa da itacen lemun tsami a gida shima yana nuna lokacin hutu na wajibi ga 'ya'yan itaciyar Citrus. Wintering a low yanayin zafi damar shuka zuwa cikakken fure da kuma kai 'ya'yan itace a lokacin lokaci na aiki girma. Don shirya itaciyar, fure furanni da harbe ne kawai ya kamata a cire daga ciki.

Idan shuka mai tsiro mai zurfi da ingantacciya, to, don duk tsawon watanni uku ana iya sanya shi cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin ɗakunan duhu mai sanyi tare da zazzabi wanda bai wuce digiri 10-12 ba. Watering ne kadan, amma bushewa kasar gona kada a yarda.

Idan iskar ta bushe sosai a cikin dakin hunturu, dole ne a fesa lemun tsami sau da yawa a mako. A ƙarshen zamani, za a mayar da itacen lemun tsami zuwa wuri mai ɗumi da haske, inda ba a sa hasken rana mai haske, kuma iska kawai take da digiri. In ba haka ba, canje-canje masu kauri a cikin yanayin tsare zai haifar da damuwa a cikin fure, wanda zai cutar da haɓakarsa.

Zan iya barin ba tare da barin hutu ba?

Lemun tsami yana nufin tsire-tsire waɗanda ke buƙatar hydration akai-akai. Sabili da haka, barin hutu, dole ne a shirya itacen don rashin kulawa ta yau da kullun kamar haka:

• datsa furanni da fure;
• lokacin farin ciki fitar da lokacin farin ciki ganye;
• sake shirya furen fure daga taga zuwa kasan don sauki shading;
• sanya tukunya tare da shuka a cikin babban kwanon rufi ko kwano tare da yumɓu mai yumɓu tare da Layer 5 cm cike da ruwa. Abubuwan da ke tsakanin tukunyar da tire suna cike da yumɓu mai yalwa ko daskararren rigar.

Irin waɗannan matakan zasu taimaka furen don ci gaba da ƙarfi kuma bayan dawowar mai gida don ci gaba da haɓaka mai aiki.

Me yasa ruwan lemo bai bada 'ya'ya ba?

Yana faruwa sau da yawa cewa itacen lemun tsami ya ɓarke, amma ba da daɗewa ba ovaries sun faɗi, kuma babu 'ya'yan itace. Dalilin na iya zama dalilai da yawa:

1. Pollination bai faru ba. Don kawar da wannan matsala a lokacin fure, zaku iya canja wurin pollen a hankali ta amfani da goga ko ƙusoshin auduga.
2. Itace ta shafi kwari. Ko da karamin kashi na kamuwa da cuta yana lalata girma da fruiting na fure.
3. Babu wani lokacin bacci. Itace ba ta da lokacin da za ta sake ƙaruwa.
4. Yawan furanni. Kyakkyawan adadin furanni shine toho 1 a cikin ganye 10.
5. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Ana buƙatar ciyar da kullun kan lokaci.

Kiwo

Girma ruwan lemo daga dutse

Don noma lemun tsami ta amfani da iri, ya dace a ɗauki ƙwaya 10 a hatsi don awanni 24 a cikin hanzari don haɓaka haɓakar seedlings (sodium gummat, epin, da dai sauransu). An kafa ƙasusuwa zuwa zurfin kusan 1.5-2 cm Germination na harbe ba ya faruwa ba da daɗewa ba - game da watan uku zuwa na biyar bayan dasa. Transplantarfafawa da aka samo su zuwa cikin tukunya mai ɗorewa ne. Tare da wannan hanyar kiwo, ya kamata ku kasance a shirye don gaskiyar cewa irin wannan bishiyar za ta haifi 'ya'yan itace ba a farkon shekaru 5-8 ba.

Farfadowar bishiyar lemun tsami ta yanke

Lemon girma daga yankuna ya kawo amfanin gona da yawa a baya. Tare da wannan hanyar, don namo, an yanke harbe 8 cm tsayi daga itacen da ya rigaya ya kasance a ƙarshen zagayowar girma. Hakanan, ƙwararren cutaway ya zama mai sauƙin sassauƙa, rabin-taurare, tare da ganye 3-4. Don hanzarta aiwatar da tsari, an shirya tsirar tsiron a cikin mafita ta kayan haɓakawa na akalla awanni 10. Sa'an nan ana dasa harbe a cikin cakuda ƙasa, yana kunshe da daidai ɓangarorin sphagnum, yashi, turɓaya da ƙasa mai ganye, ko cikin ƙasa na musamman don 'ya'yan itacen Citrus.

Mafi dadi yanayi ga nasara rooting na cuttings:

• zazzabi daki 23-25;
• yanayin greenhouse - rufe sprouts tare da jakar filastik ko abin rufe hula;
• iska ta yau da kullun;
• hasken rana mai taushi, windows na gabas;
• dacewar hydration.

Bayan dasawa, ba lallai ba ne don canza yanayin girma, hula daga cikin auduga shine ajar a hankali - da farko na awa daya, sannan don rabin rana. Zaka iya cire shi gaba daya bayan kwana 8-10.

Cutar da kwari

Mun lissafa manyan matsalolin da za'a iya fuskanta yayin girma lemun tsami:

• Bar juya launin rawaya itacen lemun tsami tare da karancin abubuwan ganowa kamar su iron da magnesium.
• Ganyayyaki da ganye sun faɗi a ƙasa a sakamakon rashi ko yawan danshi.
• Sabbin harbe suna bakin ciki saboda karancin hasken wuta da abubuwan gina jiki.
• Nasihun ganye a cikin yanayi tare da bushe iska kuma tare da ruwa lokaci-lokaci.

Me yasa ruwan lemun tsami ya bushe? Yadda za a farfado?

Mafi na kowa dalilin itace bushewa fita ne tushen tsarin cututtuka lalacewa ta hanyar bayyanar naman gwari, kasa isasshe na gina jiki, ko kuma wuya wuya watering. A farkon lamari, dole ne a bi da tushen tare da fungicides, a yanka wuraren da suka lalace kuma a rufe da ci. Hakanan zaku buƙaci dasawa daga lemun tsami zuwa ƙasa mai gina jiki.

Idan dalilin bushewa ba naman naman daji bane ko jujjuyawar tushen, to shuka ba shi da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki. Tsarin shayarwa ya kamata ya zama irin su hana cikakken bushewa daga saman. A lokaci guda, dole ne a tabbatar cewa yawan danshi ba ya tarawa a cikin kwanon rufi.

Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama, kwari na iya haifar da fure don bushewa - kaska, nematode na Citrus, aphid, mealybug, scab.

Shahararrun nau'ikan itacen lemo na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Kwayar cutar Kanjamau

Lemonan itacen lemon tsami, wanda aka samo daga zaɓi na pomelo, citron da lemo. Wannan shi ne dwarf iri-iri ba tare da ƙaya ba, mafi tsayayya wa yanayin canzawa.

Kiev

Nau'in lemun tsami wanda yafi dacewa da yanayin ƙarancin yanayi, wanda zai iya 'ya'ya har zuwa sau 4 a shekara.

Pavlovsky

Mashahuri iri-iri a cikin babban layi wanda ke haifar da manyan fruitsalessan da ba iri iri da sauƙi jure rashin hasken rana.

Meyer

Hybrid kuma mafi yawan "mara acidic" nau'in lemun tsami, wanda a karkashin kyawawan yanayi yakan haifar da 'ya'yan itace duk shekara. Don sake zagayowar girbi guda kawai, zaku iya samun kilogiram 3 na 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Villa Franca

Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'in haƙuri mai haƙuri, wanda ake nuna shi da farkon fruiting, ya riga ya cika shekaru 2-3 bayan dasa.

Genoa

Rashin rauni, amma itace mai jure sanyi da rawanin girma da yawan aiki.

Kursk

Wannan cultivar zai iya yin tsayayya da sanyi har zuwa digiri 20. Ya fitar da amfanin gona a shekara ta uku bayan dasa, yana buƙatar gyara kambi na yau da kullun.

Lisbon

Lemun-mai-tsayayye mai tsauri tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗorewa, wanda nauyinsa zai iya kaiwa kimanin gram 500. Yana tsiro ba tare da tsayi da mita ba.