Bloom orchid yana da kyau da ban sha'awa. Wannan tsire-tsire koyaushe ya shahara, duk da tsaurin farashin tagar shagon fure. Har zuwa 'yan kwanan nan, babu wata tambaya game da yaduwar orchid kanta a gida, saboda wannan kasuwancin yana da ban mamaki saboda girman ƙwayar da yanayin halinsu.
Wane irin kyau ne orchid?
Tarihin asalin orchids ya kasance daidai da tarihin almara da tatsuniyoyi. Wasu mutane suna ɗaukar mahaifiyar wannan fure mai ban al'ajabi a matsayin bakan gizo lokacin da ta rarrabu cikin abubuwa da yawa, yayin da wasu sun yarda cewa orchid ya girma musamman a wurin da kyakkyawan Aphrodite ya rasa takalminsa. Amma komai yadda suka saba, duka biyun suna daukar wannan tsiro alama ce ta haihuwa, kyakkyawa da soyayya mai girma.
Orchid yana ƙaunar ɗanɗano zuwa kan bishiyoyi.
Siffar Kula
Idan bakayi la'akari da tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi na duniyar fure ba kuma jujjuya zuwa ainihin duniyar kimiyya, zaku iya gano cewa an gano farkon orchids sama da shekaru miliyan 130 da suka gabata, kodayake sun yada a China da Japan kawai ƙarni 2 na BC.
Jinsunan Orchid dubun dubun ne
A wancan zamani, ana ganin orchids a matsayin gungun tsire-tsire masu magani, kuma har yanzu Confucius ya ambata wannan a cikin rubuce-rubucensa.. A cikin kasashen Turai, orchid ya bayyana ba da daɗewa ba, kawai kamar wata ƙarni da suka wuce, amma a wannan lokacin yawan nau'ikansa ya kai 30,000.
Don samun damar haɓaka wannan al'ada ta fure a yanayin daki, Dole ne in faɗi godiya ga botanists. Gaskiya orchid kulawa na iya kawo matsala ga mai farawa, amma yan koyo da kwararru sunyi alkawarin shuka fure mai matukar ban sha'awa idan kun hadu da bukatun orchid cikin lokaci, ta amfani da ilimin musamman don kula dashi.
Haske yana da matukar muhimmanci ga orchid, amma yakamata ayi daidai. Wannan fure yana son mai haske, amma tabbas ya bazu haske.
Orchids yakamata ya iya inuwa daga haskoki kai tsaye.
Hasken rana kai tsaye ba zai lalata orchid nan da nan ba, amma zai sauƙaƙa wuta da shimfiɗa ganyayyaki ba tare da begen yin fure ba. Idan da ɗan inuwa taga taga tare da tulle ko lutrasil na bakin ciki, orchid zai faranta maka kai a kai a kai da launi.
Daga kaka zuwa bazara, lokacin hutu yakan fara aiki kuma hakan ba zai sa ma'ana ta ɓoye taga ba, tunda aikin rana shima zai lalace. A cikin wannan mahimmancin lokacin don furen, harbe ya girma da kuma shuka ya dasa buds don kakar mai zuwa. Zai fi kyau runtse da zafin jiki na wani ɗan lokaci na ɗan hutawa kaɗan kuma a cikin 13 ° С-18 ° while, yayin da a lokacin rani babban madaidaici na iya tashi zuwa 27 ° С, ƙananan kuma ya fi kyau a bar guda. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin yanayin yanayi orchid yana fama da bambance-bambancen zazzabi mai kyau kuma wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga fure mai aiki.
Bayan tsawon kwanciyar hankali da madaidaiciya, orchid zai yi farin ciki da launuka masu yawa.
Orchidaceae ya kamata a shayar da shi sosai, musamman ma a mafi yawan lokaci girma, amma a cikin hunturu yawan danshi yana cinye. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa fari ba shi da haɗari ga orchid kamar bay, saboda haka kuna buƙatar shayar da fure a hankali kuma ya fi kyau a yi shi a cikin shawa ko barin tukunyar fure a cikin akwati tare da ruwa mai dumi na mintina 15, sannan ku ƙyale yawan danshi don magudana.
Bidiyo: yadda nake shayar da ciyawa
Yaduwa da orchid tsaba
Don haɓaka orchid da kanka babbar jarabawa ce da ƙarin taurari a kan madaidaiciyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar furanni, amma haɗuwa da matsaloli waɗanda ba a tsammani ba yayin aiwatar da haihuwa, da yawa a farkon matakin barin wannan kasuwancin, rashin yarda da kansu ko kawai lalata kayan.
Kuma duk saboda orchid tsaba sami ikon tsiro a cikin saba yanayi ga sauran tsire-tsire - a cikin ƙasa, kuma novice growers tare da babbar sha'awa shuka orchids a cikin talakawa na earthy ƙasa, dooming da tsaba zuwa makawa mutuwa.
Tsarin iri, ta hanyar misalin wanda zaku iya fahimtar menene irin an hana shi orchid
Abinda yake shine shine ƙwayar ƙwayar orchid bata da isasshen cuta, a wata ma'anar, ba ta da kayan ajiyar abinci kuma amfrayo tana samun abinci na musamman daga abin da ake samarwa, wanda dole ne ya sami yanayin abinci mai gina jiki. Abin da ya sa a cikin daji, orchids suna girma a cikin symbiosis tare da namomin kaza, gami da ƙananan ƙananan.
Inda zaka sami tsaba
Irin ƙwayar orchid tana da kusan sau dubu 15 da haɓaka fiye da alkama na hatsi, wato, yana da cikakkiyar bambanci ga idon ɗan adam ba tare da ɗaga ido da ya dace ba. Wato, yana da wuya ma tunanin tunanin tattara orchid tsaba, har ma da ƙari don fitar da su. Ana iya girbi orchids na fure kawai a cikin akwati da ke da dakuna kuma sabili da haka, lokacin da aka tambaye shi "shin akwai orchid tsaba na siyarwa", masu siyar da kayan fure suna murmushi kawai dai dai. Amma yanayin mahaifiya bai bar 'ya'yanta orchid ba tare da iya haifarwa da rama karamin girman zuriyarta da adadinsu.
Buɗe Katin Orchid
Floweraya daga cikin fure orchid yana buɗe akwatin iri, wanda ya ƙunshi tsaba miliyan 3 zuwa 5, kuma saboda ƙananan nauyin su, kowane iska yana ɗaukar wannan turɓayar a ko'ina cikin yankin. Tsaba sun zauna a kan bishiyoyi kuma suna fuskantar mummunar zabin yanayi.
Bidiyo: ci gaban akwatin iri (5 months)
Tsaba rukuni ne na sel iri ɗaya, sun kasa haɓaka da kansu. Ko da a yanayin da ya dace, kadan yayi sa'a ya ratse zuwa ga haske, kuma ta mu'ujiza wani tsiron da aka shuka za'a iya ɗaukar shi ƙirar ƙirar ƙwalwa, wanda kuma ake kira ladabi. A wannan halin, zuriya na iya zama na wasu shekaru, idan ba a tafafa shi ba.
Bidiyo: ci gaban akwatin iri (watanni 8-9)
Tsaba ya girma na kimanin watanni takwas, kuma lokacin nisan zai iya zama kwana 90, amma wannan ya dogara da girman furen, shekarun shuka, tsananin haske, lokacin shekara, da sauran abubuwan da yawa masu mahimmanci don ci gaban shuka. Misali iri na Ludisia discolor, alal misali, ya tsiro cikin wata guda, amma ƙwararriyar nau'in orchid ce.
A wannan lokacin, lokacin da aka riga aka girma akwatin iri, an samu adiko da wando a aljihun wando daga kasan don kada ƙurawar ƙwaya ta fashe a kan fashewa.
Orchid ƙura a kan farin takarda
Akwatin da ya balaga yawanci yakan yi duhu kuma ya zama launin ruwan kasa, amma wani lokacin yana iya zama kore. Yaushe, ta dukkan alamu, lokaci ya yi da za a ɗauki seeda ,an iri, a hankali a yanka akwatin kuma a zub da tsaba a kan takardar takarda.
Bidiyo: akwatin iri da ripan itacen
Yadda za a shuka
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don amfani da tsaba don shuka ba tukwane bane na fure ko seedlings, amma jita-jita na gilashi kuma mafi kyawun yanayi na musamman, nau'ikan flasks mai guba tare da dunƙule dunƙule. Wadannan kwantena dole ne a sanya su. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da mai dafa abinci mai tuƙi ko keɓaɓɓiyar kayan wuta, in ya yiwu. Gilashin gilashin an dafa shi ko an zuba su tare da tururi na kimanin awa ɗaya (wannan yana ɗaukar mintina 30 a cikin autoclave, amma yanayin zafin da ke can ya wuce digiri na al'ada 100).
Germit substrate dole ne kuma ya kasance bakararre. Shredded gansakuka sphagnum ko cakuda polysaccharides agar-agar, wanda aka samo daga ruwan teku, ana amfani dashi azaman canzawa don fitar da ƙwayar orchid, kuma duka shine sanannu don albarkatun ƙasa don gelatin mai cin abinci.
Abincin Agar Agar Foda
Ya isa ya riƙe gansakuka a ruwa mai ɗumi tare da ƙari na farji ko za ku iya tafasa shi da sauri, amma daga baya zai rasa kayan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma ba zai zama mai sauƙi don kula da matakin acidity a cikin sphagnum ba, ya kamata ya kasance a cikin 4.8-5.2 ph.
Fresh sphagnum gansakuka
Ana kawo Agar-agar zuwa tafasa kuma bayan sanyaya ya zama kamar jelly-like, amma an zuba shi cikin flasks mai rauni koda a cikin yanayin zafi da ruwa. Tushen agar mai zafi tare da ƙari mai dacewa ana zuba shi a cikin akwati 30% na ƙara, an rufe shi da abin toshe kwalaba kuma a sake dafa shi na mintina 30 a cikin dafaffen matsin ko a cikin kwanon rufi na al'ada a murhun.
Bidiyo: shirya yadda ake shuka iri
Akwai abubuwa na musamman, na wucin gadi a cikin nau'ikan hydrogels, waɗanda ke taka rawar tushe don shirya cakuda abinci mai gina jiki don haɓakawa.
Germination matsakaici ya zama mai arziki a cikin sugars da sauran abubuwa.
Wannan shine matsakaici mai gina jiki na Knudson: taro kamar jelly-kamar laka
A cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje, har zuwa rabin adadinsa na fructose da glucose ana ƙara zuwa agar-agar a kowace lita ɗaya na ruwa. Kuma yayin shirya cakuda a gida, sukan yi amfani da yanayin Knudson, wanda zaku iya sayowa a shagunan fure na musamman, ku lura da yadda yake samarwa.
Amma a aikace, suna amfani da tsarin da aka sauƙaƙe da sauƙaƙe bisa ga hanyar Cherevchenko. Don shirya shi, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar lita na ruwa da tsarma a ciki:
- gram daya na nitrate;
- kwata gram na potassium foshat;
- daidai adadin sinadarin magnesium;
- rabin gram na ammonium sulfate;
- 0.05 grams na baƙin ƙarfe chelate;
- daidai adadin nau'in sodium humate;
- gram daya na carbon wanda aka kunna;
- tablespoon na sukari;
- 10 grams na agar agar.
Don sauƙin aunawa, zaku iya ɗauka a matsayin daidaitaccen gram na babban kayan abu kamar na uku na babban dutse, da kuma 0.05 gram a gefen wuƙa. A sakamakon cakuda, orchid tsaba germinate en masse, babban abinda shine a kiyaye cakuda a cikin kwalba da rufewa, a zazzabi da ya dace.
'Yan lambu na Amateur sukan shirya cakuda abinci mai gina jiki daga hanyar inganta, alal misali, gauraya ruwan Vito taki tare da rabin lita na ruwan tumatir wanda ba a san shi ba sannan kuma ya ƙara yawan adadin ruwan da aka saka kuma ƙara gilashin sitaci tare da tablespoon na sukari.
Kafin sanya tsaba a cikin cakuda, yana da mahimmanci don ƙaddamar da iko na sterility, watau, barin kwantena mai rufe bakake tare da haifuwa ta haifuwa a cikin kwana biyar. Idan moda ta bayyana a ƙarshen ajalin, lokacin haifuwa zai zama dole ne a maimaita.
Idan cakuda yana shirye don dasawa, to ya kasance ya lalata tsaba. Don yin wannan, ana amfani da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar baƙin ƙarfe a cikin kullun, a cikin abin da kuke buƙatar ɗaukar tsaba na minti 10, sannan kuma nan da nan canja shi zuwa wani substrate ta amfani da pipette. Ana shirya maganin kawai a sauƙaƙe: cokali biyu na ruwan wukake ana narkewa a cikin rabin gilashin ruwa kuma cakuda ya motsa don rabin sa'a.
Mun shuka kayan da aka shuka
Don haka, keɓantar da kwanon abinci da abin da keɓaɓɓen daban, sannan kuma a sake haɗuwa, har yanzu akwai haɗarin shigar da ƙwayar cuta ta pathogenic cikin tsabtace mahallin tare da tsaba, saboda haka ana zartar da tsaba da aka shafa tare da Bleach zuwa sterile substrate kawai ta hanyar tururi. A saboda wannan, an sanya gora akan tukunyar ruwan zãfi, wanda akan sanya kwantena tare da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki don germination a ciki. Ta amfani da pipring bakararre, ana cire tsaba daga maganin chloride kuma an sanya su kai tsaye sama da tururi a cikin flasks ko kwalba. Dukkan hanyoyin suna bukatar a yi su da sauri.
Bidiyo: gwada kasa
An shirya kwandunan da aka shuka a hankali tare da swabs na auduga (ba makawa, ba shakka) kuma an bar su a cikin wurin dumama (18-23 ° C) tare da tsawon lokacin wuta na akalla awanni 12-14.
A gida, har ma uwargidan mata mafi wadatacciyar mace tana da tarin tushen tushen tsaran ƙwayoyin cuta na flasks. Sabili da haka, kafin aikin, ya zama dole don lalata duk abubuwa da kayan aikin da za a yi amfani da su lokacin shirya cakuda da sanya tsaba a cikin "gidajen matattarar". An ba da shawarar yin amfani da safofin hannu na daskararre da bandeji na wucin gadi.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki
Replant seedlings
Zai yuwu ka shuka tsiran orchid na tsiro a kan talakawa, wato, mara-ruwa, ƙasa kawai bayan shekara guda. Ana cire lingsalingsan itace daga flasks ko gwangwani ta hanyar wanka. Don yin wannan, an saka wani adadin ruwa a cikin tanki kuma ya girgiza cikin motsi madauwari. Saboda haka, ana cakuda cakuda da ruwa kuma ana iya raba seedlings a cikin sauƙin daga substrate.
Don sabon "gadaje na orchid", an yi amfani da itacen ɓawon itace, da ya fi dacewa cinya, da mossar sphagnum.
jirgin ruwa mai guba, mai dacewa sosai don aiki tare da ƙananan sassa da ruwa
Za'a shimfiɗa keɓaɓɓen ƙaramin abu, ɓawon dutse ko yumɓu masu yumɓu a ƙasan tanki. Cakuda mai cakuda tare da tsire-tsire an zuba shi a cikin kwano mai zurfi tare da tarnaƙi, ƙara couplean saukad da ma'aunin tushe, kuma ana juyar da seedlingsan itacen zuwa sabon saurin amfani da goga Kamar yadda jita-jita, ya fi dacewa don amfani da tasa Petri.
Dole ne a kiyaye danshi a cikin sabon gadajen ciyayi na orchid a daidai matakin na na manya orchids, kusan kashi 60%. A zazzabi da kuma haske kasance guda a lokacin lokacin shuka.
Bidiyo: roayoyin Orchid
Har yaushe za a jira orchid?
Kamar yadda muka riga muka fada, akwatin iri zai iya yadu a cikin watanni uku, kuma wannan shine mafi kankanin lokaci. Mafi yawan lokuta, yana farawa ne kawai don watanni 8-9.
'Ya'yan itacen Orchid, a shirye suke don a wanke su daga wani mahalli mai tsauri
Abubuwan da aka shuka a cikin cakuda na gina jiki suma zasu yi girma daga watanni uku zuwa shekara guda, kuma seedlingsanyen da aka ɗora za su jira tukunya daban don ma'aurata ƙarin shekaru. An dasa orchid zuwa wuri na dindindin zai yi fure a shekara ta uku ta ci gaban mai cin gashin kansa.
Idan mukayi la’akari da dukkan tsarin haifuwar, daga kwanciyar zuriya zuwa fure wani sabon orchid, to zai iya yin tsawon shekaru bakwai. Wannan idan kun zagaye. Amma, bisa dukkan ka'idoji don ingantacciyar ci gaban kowane mataki, za a iya rage lokaci sosai.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa
Kamar yadda ya rigaya ya fito fili daga labarin, abu na farko da za a iya yi don yin abubuwa ba daidai ba shine kula da tanadin shuka, mai ba da iri, iri mara kyau ko watsi da batun shuka sama da tururi. A sauƙaƙe, bari a cikin microflora na ƙwayar cuta, wanda zai iya cakuda cakuden abinci mai gina jiki kuma tsaba zasu "matsananciyar mutuwa" ko kuma su zama abinci don naman gwari.
Kuskuren da aka saba yi shine rashin haƙuri. Ka tuna, idan ka bincika abin canzawa kuma ka aikata komai bisa ga umarnin, akwai abin da ya fi wahala kawai - jira. Akwai wasu lokutan da lambu ba su da haƙuri, kuma suna yin fim ɗin yadda aka tsara, saboda sun yi imani cewa ra'ayin bai yi nasara ba. A halin yanzu, ya isa ya bar komai kamar yadda yake, saboda wasu matakai ba a bayyane ga idanun mutum, amma wannan baya nufin ko kaɗan basa ci gaba kuma baya motsa mu kusa da manufa ta ƙarshe.
Wani lokaci yakan faru idan mutum yana fuskantar kowane irin yanayi bashi da wata damuwa gareshi kuma, tun da ya tafi ba tare da wani bata lokaci ba, yana fuskantar wasu hujjoji masu ƙima. Misali, ya nuna cewa orchid, wanda aka cire tsaba, yana da rigakafi mai karfi kuma ba shi da ikon kamuwa da naman gwari, wato, 'ya'yan ba za su sami abinci mai gina jiki kuma ba zai yi tsiro ba. Ko kuma halin da ake ciki na gaba ɗaya na iya tasowa lokacin da rigakafin ya yi rauni kuma naman gwari zai kawai ɗaukar kayan.
Yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar mahimmancin daidaituwa masu amfani na yanayin biyu don symbiosis mai ɗorewa da ke haifar da sakamakon.
'Ya'yan ƙwayoyin Orchid a cikin bututu na yau da kullun tare da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki
Wannan ba abu bane mai sauki ba, saboda koda a dabi'a damar samun haihuwa a cikin orchids yayi kadan, kuma a karkashin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje, yaduwar orchids shima yana daukar shekaru. Bari a ƙaddamar da tsari ba a karo na farko ba, amma ba da jimawa ba zai ci gaba kan hanya madaidaiciya kuma maras kyau amma kyawawan ƙwayoyin orchid masu kyau zasu bayyana.
Mataki-mataki-mataki
- Abu na farko da yakamata ayi shine sanin yanayin tsufawar kwalliyar.Yawancin lokaci yakan juya launin ruwan kasa kuma yana farawa.
Ripened orchid iri akwatin, ba tukuna fashe
- Da zaran ya juya cewa akwatin iri ya tsiro, ya zama dole a ɗaure shi da adiko na goge baki domin idan fashewa bata rasa kayan.
- Bayan fatattaka akwatin iri, zuba tsaba a jikin takarda a cikin jaka ko wani akwati mai dacewa.
Tsaba Orchid a kan fararen takarda
- Ta amfani da girke-girke mafi dacewa, muna shirya cakuda abinci mai gina jiki don haɓakawa ko siye shi a shagon fure.
germinating jelly cakuda
- Gilashin gilashi don shuka iri, tare da murfi, an lalata ta tafasa ko hurawa.
Bakara gwangwani ta tafasa
- An saka jigon cikin kwandunan da ake sarrafawa kuma an sake kula da zafin zafi
Duk wani kwantena na gilashin tare da murfin murfin da aka ɗaure ta dace da germinating orchid tsaba
- Muna barin kwantena masu rufe tare da cakuda don kallo na kwanaki 5 don bincika yiwuwar rashin ƙarfi. Idan substrate a cikin tanki ya ƙetare gwajin, je zuwa mataki na gaba.
- A cikin maganin chloride, muna lalata tsaba na mintuna kaɗan kuma nan da nan muka dasa su a kan mai matattara ta cikin tururi mai zafi ta amfani da pipette.
dasa shuki ta hanyar tururi a kan gurɓataccen mai
- Ya kamata a adana tsaba a cikin kwantena masu rufewa da kuma bakararre a cikin haske a zazzabi akalla 20 ° C. tsaba fara shuka ba jima fiye da bayan watanni 3.
tsiro orchid tsaba a cikin bakararre bayani
- Shukewar ciyawa daga kwantena masu bakararre ana aiwatar dashi a cikin akwati mai sarari tare da canzawa daga haushi kuma an sanya shi a cikin hula don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse.
Shuka bishiyoyin orchid a kan yaren itacen haushi
Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka orchid daga tsaba a gida
Yin yaduwar iri yana buƙatar maida hankali sosai, mataki ba daidai ba kuma zaka iya fara ɗaukar tsari gaba ɗaya. Dole ne ku mai da hankali sosai da ƙwazo don kawai bayan shekara biyar, ko ma shekaru shida, ku ƙaunaci furannin waɗancan tsirran da suka juye daga ƙurar ƙwaya zuwa kyakkyawan fure na iyalin orchid a gaban idanunku. Amma, barin baƙin ƙarfe, Ina so in lura cewa, duk da duk da alama rashin yiwuwar tsarin, za a sami aikin da aka saka hannun jari ba tare da wata shakka ba!
